Browsing by Author "Salawu, K. M"
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Item Antimicrobial Screening of Bridelia ferruginea Benth (Euphorbiaceae) Stem Bark Extract in Dermatological Formulations(Pharmaceutical research, development and Practices, 2016) Aremu, O. I; Adewoyin, A; Salawu, K. MAbstract The plantBridelia ferruginea Benth (Euphorbiaceae) has been known for its ethnomedicinal uses, some of which have been justified by scientific studies. Various forms of presentations such as decoction, powders have been used traditionally. None of these have been standardized to assure stability, safety, efficacy, and appropriate dose delivery. The aim of the present work was to develop an antimicrobial dermatological dosage formulation that will be useful in the treatment of various skin diseases. Extraction of the stem bark was carried out with boiled distilled water. The phytochemical constituent of the extract was determined. Thereafter, the extract was formulated into creams using vanishing cream base as a vehicle at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%w/w respectively. The formulation was evaluated for physical characteristics and then tested against selected organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum and Aspergillus nige rusing Gentamicin and Ketoconazole creams as reference compounds. The results showed the presence of flavonoids, saponin, tannins, anthraquinones, terpenoids and alkaloids as secondary metabolites. The creams gave favourable physical characteristics. The antimicrobial evaluation showed that the cream formulations (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 %w/w) had inhibitory effect against organisms used. This inhibition was of increasing order across the concentration range of the formulations tested. The only exception was 2.5 %w/w concentration that did not show inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cream formulations of the stem bark extracts of B. ferruginea exhibited favourable physical characteristics and promising antimicrobial activities, it could therefore be used in the treatment of certain skin infections.Item Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Activities of Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. Stem Bark Extract.(Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science., 2021-06) Salawu, K. M; Oyerinde, A. A.; Bello, R. H.Citrus limon is traditionally use for the treatment of several ailments including infectious diseases. This study was designed to evaluate antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities of Citrus limon stem bark extract. The plant material was collected, authenticated, air-dried and pulverized. Two hundred grams of powdered plant material was extracted into distilled methanol by cold maceration and the extract was concentration in a vacuo. The extract was subjected to in vitro phytochemical screening and bioassays including; antiproliferative assay (Sorghum bicolor radicle and Allium cepa root growth inhibitory assays) and antimicrobial susceptibility against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter ferundii and Candida albicans. Phytochemical evaluation detected the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and cardiac glycoside in the extract. The extract displayed concentration-dependent antiproliferative activity with an IC50 of 1.10±0.07 and 0.62±0.04 mg/mL compared to cyclophosphamide (IC50 of 0.17±0.02 and 0.83±0.08 mg/mL) for Sorghum bicolor radical growth and Allium cepa root growth inhibitory assays, respectively. The extract displayed antimicrobial activity with the highest activity against Escherichia coli and Citrobacter ferundii with activity indices of 0.68 and 0.59, respectively compared to gentamicin. Citrus limon stem bark extract displayed antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities.