Browsing by Author "Rhoda Mojisola, Olanrewaju"
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Item ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL PATTERN AND FLOOD INCIDENCES IN WARRI METROPOLIS, NIGERIA(Lamonosov Moscow State University, 2017) Rhoda Mojisola, OlanrewajuClimate change has led to changes in the known patterns of rainfall and other climatic variables as well as increase in the frequency and magnitude of natural disasters including floods in different parts of the world; and flood is indeed a global environmental issue that had destroyed lives and property amidst other untold hardships. The study examined rainfall characteristics in Warri metropolis for the past 30 years (1986-2015) vis-a-vis the flood situation in the metropolis; as well as the factors responsible and adaptation strategies to flood in the area. Dividing the study area into four zones after Sada (1977), the researchers collected rainfall data from the archives of Nigerian Meteorological Agency; 268 copies of questionnaire and oral interview were used. The result of the correlationanalysis performed showed a negative relationship of -0.156 between rainfall and time (years), this implies that rainfall is decreasing over time. The trend line regression equation Y=243.75-0.4572X, confirms that rainfall in Warri Metropolis is decreasing at the rate of -0.45 per year. However, the p-value 0.412 is greater than 0.05, hence, the trend is not statistically significant at 95 level of confidence. It was discovered that rainfall, absence of drainage and poor urban planning practices (as factor 1) contributed 51.09 while overflowing of rivers, blocked poor drainage and untarred roads (as factor 2) contributed 44.10 variance to flood occurrence in the metropolis Recommendations given included continual monitoring and study of rainfall characteristics and other climatic data and dissemination of such information for planning purposes; construction of integrated drainage system and river rechannelisation, legislation against dumping of refuse on roads and drainage), proper urban planning including implementation of the metropolitan urban drainage master plan.Item ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY ON WATER ACCESSIBILITY AND SUPPLY IN YAURI, KEBBI STATE, NIGERIA(Samanala Educational Centre, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka and Department Economics, Gombe State University, 2016) Rhoda Mojisola, Olanrewaju; Akpan, G.P.The study examines the impacts of climate change and variability on water accessibility and supply in Yauri, Kebbi State. Both primary and secondary data were employed for the study. A total of 266 questionnaires were administered to the residents in the study area. Secondary data used include meteorological data (rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature and evaporation) from NIMET, Yauri for the period of31 years that spanned between 1 984 to 2014. Also data on quantity of water supplied from Yauri Waterworks were collected. The statistical technique! used include descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Multiple Regression Analysis and TrendAnalysis. The result from the descriptive statistics revealed that 49.8 of the respondents lack access to water. In the same vein, 38.4, 31.0 and 18.4 indicated that effects of dry season, climate change/variabilify and high temperature account for low water accessibility in the Study area respectively. Result from Pearson moment correlation revealed a strong positive relationship (0.76) between monthly rainfall and monthly water - supply at 0.05 significant levels. The result of multiple regression analysis with four explanatory variables has an R2 of 0.526 which confirmed that 52.6 of variation in water supply can be explained by climatic factors. Recommendations were made which include; curbing of climate change induced anthropogenic activities, effective water resources management and planning among others.Item ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA USING RAINFALL AS AN INDEX(Clarion University of Pennsylvania, 2015) Rhoda Mojisola, Olanrewaju; Fayemi, Oluwatobi A.Climate change is the most significant challenge to achieving sustainable development, and it threatens to drag millions of people into grinding poverty (World Bank, 2014). While many across Africa are dependent on rain fed agriculture for sustenance, a changing climate could be devastating. Assessment of the climate change scenario in the North central Nigeria was carried out using rainfall as an index. Results showed increasing trends of 0.22mm, 3.38mm per annum for Lokoja and Abuja stations respectively while I1orin, Jos and Kaduna stations each exhibited a decline of 0.18mm, 0.23mm and 0.44mm per annum respectively. However for the whole North central region of Nigeria, a positively significant trend in rainfall with a predicted increase of 0.58mm of rainfall per annum was observed. Based on the prediction, rainfall increase of 14.49 from what was observed in 2013 (the base year) is expected by 2042. Various adaptation strategies that can be put in place to safeguard the region from extreme weather events that can emanate from such climatic scenario were suggested.Item CLIMATE AND MALARIA(Department of Geography and Planning, Kogi State University, Anyigba, 2006) Rhoda Mojisola, OlanrewajuMalaria menace has become an economic burden in the tropical countries. No single measure of control through the use of drugs seems effective. This paper identified the most crucial climatic parameters that are responsible for the outbreak of malaria in the tropical city of Ilorin Kwara State. Reports of weather pattern and occurrences of malaria diseases were examined during the period 199 L•2000. Climatic data (rainfall, relative humidity, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, evaporation and wind) were grouped into two - dry season period (November - April) and rainy season period (May - October). Monthly.means of climatic variables and outbreak of malaria were calculated for the study period (1991-2000). Simple regression analysis and correlation were employed to investigate the relationship. The result of the analyses showed seasonal variation in outbreak severity. Mean malaria occurrence was 96.5 during the dry season and 154.0 during the wet season. Based on the results of correlation analysis, rainfall displayed the strongest positive relationship of 0.737 while maximum temperature showed strongest negative relationship of - 0.789.Item CLIMATE AND RICE PRODUCTION IN A PART OF THE NIGER RIVER BASIN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY AREA (NRBDA)(Nigerian Meteorological Society, 2010) Rhoda Mojisola, OlanrewajuThe study examined the impact of climate on, rice production in the lower Niger River Basin of Edu/Lafiagi Local Government Area of Kwara State. Data on rice production, hectare put into production and yield were correlated and regressed on climatic parameters of rainfall amount, number of rain days, relative humidity, evaporation, maximum and minimum temperatures. Also onset and cessation of rain were / computed. The result revealed a downward trend in rainfall amount and number of rain days but air temperature was constantly high throughout the period of study. Annual changes in percentage yield fall with increase changes in hectares put into rice cultivation. The critical climatic parameters for the optimum production of . rice as identified are number of rain days and minimum temperature. Number of rain day exhibited a strong positive relationship of 0.53 while a strong negative relationship of -0.50 is established between minimum temperature and rice yield. Suggestions were made on different coping strategies that can be adopted 'to improve yield.Item CLIMATE AND THE GROWTH CYCLE OF YAM PLANT IN THE GUINEA SAVANNA ECOLOGICAL ZONE OF KWARA STATE, NIGERIA(Nigerian Meteorological Society, 2009) Rhoda Mojisola, OlanrewajuThe study examines the effect of climate on the phenological stages of yam plant. Both the growth cycle and micro climate of yam plant were monitored in the field for two yam growing seasons (2003/2004, 200412005). The period of the developmental stages were identified and the data generated were partitioned accordingly. Pearson correlation statistics was employed. The most sensitive and delicate phases of yam phenological cycle are root and vine stages. From the result obtained they exhibit very strong negative relationship (significant at 0.0 I confidence level) with all thermal indices but showed very strong positive relationship with all moisture indices. However, the growth of tuber is enhanced by high rainfall frequency but low rainfall amount. Farmers are encouraged to improve on the materials used for mulching to minimize fluctuation in soil temperatures and raise soil moisture reserve.Item CLIMATE CHANGE AND RICE PRODUCTION(Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, 2017) Rhoda Mojisola, Olanrewaju; Tilakasiri, S.L.; C., OsoThe paper explores the climate effect of rice produce in Ekiti State Nigeria. Climate data was obtained from the archive of the Nigerian Meteorological Station, Oshodi, Nigeria. The Rice data was obtainedfrom Ekiti State Agricultural Development Project (A.D.P) The climatic parameters are rainfall amount, rainfall frequency, maximum and minimum temperature while rice yield data include land devoted to rice cultivation, rice production and yield. The data covered the period of 5yrs between 2007 and 2011. The climate data were grouped based on the rice cropping calendar of the study area into the pre-planting (Feb), the planting season (March-mid April), the period of growth (mid April- July) and the period of harvest. The data were summarized using statistical tool of mean, Correlation and regression were used to find the strength of relationship while the most critical climatic variable(s) for rice was identified using factor analysis. The result showed that increase in land devoted to rice did not bring corresponding increase in rice yield. Increase in rainfall amount and frequency during the period shortly before planting and during planting seems to be very important for rice yield. Minimum temperature correlates highly with yield during the period of planting. Mild positive relationship exists between yield and temperatures (maximum and minimum). Temperature is most critical during harvest as both maximum and minimum temperature exhibited a high positive relationship of 0.82 and 0.66 respectively.Item CLIMATE CHANGE-INDUCED MIGRATION AND CONFLICTS IN AFRICAN STATES(The Economic Association of Saga University, Faculty of Economics, Saga University, Japan, 2017) TILAKASIRI, S.L.; Rhoda Mojisola, Olanrewaju; SALAMI, A.A.Item CLIMATE IMPLICATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION IN LAGOS STATE OF NIGERIA(Faculty of Social Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria, 2013) Rhoda Mojisola, Olanrewaju; Adepoju, F.A.Air quality is paramount to healthy living on the planet health. Emission of some green house gases (GHGs) such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (C02) and sulphur dioxide (S02) constitute air pollution in the study area. The effects of this on the weather variables of minimum temperature, maximum temperature and rainfall of Lagos State were examined in this study. Correlation and regression analyses were cmpioyed to study the strength of relationships. The results showed a strong positive relationship of 0.85 and 0.79 between CO and minimum temperature and between CO and maximum temperature. A stronger positive relationship of 0.93and 0.88 is established between CO2 and minimum temperature and between maximum temperature respectively. The positive relationship between S02 and the above weather variables is mild while rainfall exhibited a very weak positive relationship between all the three gaseous pollution in the study area. The atmospheric concentrations of the three gases are on the increase. Between year 2008 and 2011 CO increased from 0.9ppm to 2.5ppm, CO2 witnessed an upsurge of 457.7pprn from 400.Jppm while S02 rose from 3.5ppm to 4.5ppm.Year 20 II witnessed the highest emission of CO, CO2 and S02 in Lagos State within the time frame of 2008 and 2011. Suggestions were made on how to lower the level of these gases emitted into the atmosphere and on how to attain and sustain a climate-friendly energy supply in the area.Item COMMUNITY PERCEPTION OF DEFORESTATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN IBADAN(University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka, 2018) Rhoda Mojisola, Olanrewaju; Tilakasiri, S.L.; Bello, F.B.The studies of urban climate are attracting significant attention in the present dispensation due to the global impacts of climate change, induced mostly by anthropogenic activities. This study examined the community perception of deforestation and climate change in Ibadan, Oyo State. Data for this study were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. A total of 400 questionnaires were administered randomly across the II Local Government Areas using purposive sampling technique while 365 were retrieved and analyzed using descriptive statistics of means and percentages. Deforestation data were derived from the LandSat imagery sourced from National Space Research and Development Agency (NARSDA) and constitute the secondary data. Supervised classification technique was used for image classification. Results obtained revealed that majority of the people (77) are familiar with the concept of climate change and among them 39 and 29 of the respondents perceived variability in temperature and rainfall respectively as the two major causal factors of climate change. The result further shows that 95 per cent of the respondent agreed that deforestation account mostly for the incidence of climate change. However, 40 of the respondents described the impacts of deforestation on climate change as severe. Meanwhile, 37 of the respondents believed that afforestation and mixed farming are the most suitable solutions to address the problem of climate change. Based on the classification technique adopted, four types of Land use/Area cover emerged in the study area. Based on the findings of the present study, it can be recommended the use of environment friendly sources of energy such as solar vehicle, bio-fuel and promotion of green environment (tree planting) among others to prevent severe impact of climate change.Item A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CLIMATE AND PEST OUTBREAK IN THE SUB-HUMID PART OF NIGERIA(Department of Sociology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 2000) Rhoda Mojisola, OlanrewajuThe menace of pest outbreak has always been a major constraint to agricultural productivity, especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. Various efforts have been geared towards reducing• the havoc by pests on crops, such, that no particular method can be judged to be exclusively the best. The present study is an attempt aimed at incorporating the modern and the indigenous techniques of pest control and the management of pest outbreak in A,Jigeria. Information on both Data were sourceo using both primary & secondary means. The frequency of grass hopper occurrence and climate variables, such as rainfall amount and frequency, number ot, rain day, temperatures (soil and air), relative humidity and sunshine duration, were collected for the period of 14 years (1976-1989). Also, questionnaire was designed to examine farmers' perception on the impact of climate on crop pest outbreak. Simple frequency, percentages and means were calculated from the data collected while chi-square technique of analysis was used to determine the randomness of response and to relate indigenous farmers' perception to the scientific conclusion as observed through the result of analysis of meteorological data collected. The result of the analysiS revealed the existence of an overlap between indigenous knowledge and the modern scientific approach. For instance, observed years are subsumed within the range of the years perceived as severe. However, farmers could not vividly recollect the years of mild outbreak. Again, both modern scientific and indigenous approaches acknowledge drought as the main catalyst to grass hopper menace in Kabba. A combination of their knowledge with documented evidence, based on research, would provide optimal managment of pest outbreak and agricultural planning in the area. An integratlon of the approaches is therefore being suggested in this paper.Item ECOLOGICAL ZONE AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT(STAMFORD LAKE (PVT) LTD., 2017) Rhoda Mojisola, Olanrewaju; Adeleke, E.A.; Akpan, P.Item THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE ON YAM PRODUCTION IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA(Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2010) Rhoda Mojisola, OlanrewajuWeather extremes constitute formidable constraints to yam cropping in Nigeria. For instance, Bello (1983) emphasized the negative roles played by flooding on fadama yam farmlands. Thus, this paper examines the impact of climate on yam by correlating climatic variables of rainfall, relative humidity, number of rain days, maximum and minimum temperature, evaporation and sunshine hours with yam production. Both meteorological data and yam production data were collected for forty years (1961-2000). The climate data were obtained from the National Meteorological archive Oshodi, Lagos; while the information on yam yield were obtained from the Bureau of Statistics, Ilorin. The result of the analysis showed that rainfall amount is the most crucial climatic parameter for yam production in Kwara State.Farmers in Kwara State were encouraged to focus attention more on controlling other factors to suit any option climate present.Item EFFECTS OF CHARCOAL PRODUCTION ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN GUINEA SAVANNAH ECOLOGICAL ZONE OF NIGERIA(School of Environmental Technology (SET), Federal University of Technology, 2015) Rhoda Mojisola, OlanrewajuThe study examines the effects of charcoal production on soil properties around mound sites in guinea savannah region of Nigeria. Soil samples at 10cm depths were collected at equidistance position of 1 meter over a distance of 8 meters away from 3 mound sites. The collected soil samples were subsequently analyzed at University of florin laboratories for physical and chemical characteristics. Unlike findings reported in previous studies biomass burning at the mounds in this study did not result in increase of soil micro nutrient, rather an increase in soils chemical characteristics were observed as distance increases from the mounds. The implication of this finding is that charcoal production in the study area is robbing the soil of its essential minerals. Reason for this may however not be unconnected with dry season period the data was collected when rain has not fallen to leach the nutrients from the burnt biomass into the soil. The study also revealed that heat influence at the study sites were only limited to 5 meters distance away from the mounds. This might be because the soil in the area is basically sandy and poor conductor of heat. The general implication of the findings of this research is that, at local level, the damage done to the environment by wood combustion into charcoal may not be as terrible as the havoc caused by the cutting down of trees. The study thus concludes that, the effect of the charcoal production on soil will vary with climatic regionItem EFFECTS OF CLIMATE ON CHICKEN PRODUCTION IN ILORIN, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA(Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, 2016) Rhoda Mojisola, Olanrewaju; Tilakasir, S.L.; Adeleke, E.A.This paper explores the role which climate plays on the severity of diseases and seasonal mortality rate of chicken in the guinea savanna ecological zone of Kwara State, Nigeria. Data on climate and mortality rate of chicken collected over a period of 23 years (1991-2013) were partitioned according to characteristics weather types. Correlation and simple regression methods were used to analyse the data. The results of the analyses showed that weather types of each season affect outbreak of various diseases and mortality rate differently. In the dry season weather types outbreak of Newcastle and Gumboro diseases prevailed mostly during harmattan when mortality rate of chicken exhibited a strong positive relationship of O. 711 with rainfall and a strong negative relationship of 0.604 with maximum temperature. The last two months of dry season (March-April) witnessed the reverse of the above but with Newcastle disease and heat stress plaguing chicken production. The most prevalent chicken disease of rainy season in the study area is Coccidiosis. During the first weather type of wet season (two months before August break) mortality rate of chicken exhibited a strong positive relationship of 0.861 and 0.845 before August break, 0.775 and 0.894 during August break with both rainfall and relative humidity. However the relationship was negative with both maximum and minimum temperatures. Suggestions are made on how to manage both major weather types and poultry operation for efficient poultry farm development in the tropics.Item EFFECTS OF CLIMATE ON PESTS OUTBREAK IN THE SUB-HUMID REGION OF NIGERIA(Department of Geography and Planning, University of Ado-Ekiti, 1999) Rhoda Mojisola, OlanrewajuClimatic pattern associated with both outbreak and life cycle of zonocerus grasshopper were examined in this research work. Deterministic approach was used to solicit for the data required. This data collection methodology assumes that pest outbreak is a function of the prevailing climate. The critical weather elements associated with outbreak were analysed by isolating the onset, development and cessation of the pest based on the developmental stages of its life cycle: The result shows that high rainfall (amount and frequency) and high temperature favour egg laying development while low rainfall (amount and frequency) encourages the severity of adult zonocerus grasshopper. Thus a number of implications on agricultural products have been observed to include:Severe infestation of grasshopper hence, severe crops devastation during _ e dry years; reduction in quality and quantity of these farm products and that; crops are less vulnerable to pest attack during et year. Hence, emphasis on farming system should be on phases taking cognisance of those crops that thrive best in the 7i"et season.Item EFFECTS OF MICROCLIMATE ON FISH PRODUCTION IN ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGERIA(Analele Universitatii din Oradea, Seria Geografie, 2018) Rhoda Mojisola, Olanrewaju; Tayo, Worinde; Godwin, Peter AkpanThe study examined the effects of microclimate on fish production in Ilorin West local government area. The study was conducted to determine fish responses to its microclimate on daily basis at different seasons of the year and also to determine the quality of water for pond fish culture. Experi mental research of earthen pond was set up at Atiku Road located in Adewole Housing Estate area for a period of two years which spanned between 2014-20 IS. Temperature of the pond water was recorded at different depth intervals of 30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm and 120 cm respecti vely. The pond water was sampled and analyzed for ammonia, nitrate content, dissolved oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOO), suspended solids, pH, electrical conductivity and turbidity level to determine its chemical properties and reveal the quality of water using standard laboratory methods. The amount of feed consumed was measured on monthly basis. The rate at which fish gained weight was also noted. Both descriptive and inferential analysis of correlation and regression were carried out to find out the strength of relationships between fish weight, feed and temperature. The temperature of the depth of pond water that is most critical for fish production using earthen pond was determined. The study revealed that the average temperature of the water ranges between 26.83 °C and 29.96 "C, The month of January recorded the lowest temperature of 26.83 cC, while the highest of 29.96 °C occurred in the month of February, thus giving the range of over 3 °C per annum. The results also showed that fish does not cluster at 30 cm depth which has the lowest temperature but between the depth interval of 60 cm and 90 cm throughout the seasons.Item ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT(STAMFORD LAKE (PVT) LTD., 2012) Tilakasiri, S.L.; Raheem, U.A.; Rhoda Mojisola, OlanrewajuThe accelerated pace of development the world over is creating enormous challenges to the environment through eco-system degradation and natural resource depletion. These resources also play crucial roles in ensuring adequate food and water supply as well as other life supporting services to the ever increasing world population. This chapter examines the degenerating relationship between man and nature consequent upon technologies of development in different countries. It reviews the major environmental paradigms related to development with particular references to developing countries. Using the concepts of sustainable development, Global Environmental Change and Global Warming among others, the chapter canvasses for a deliberate effort by national governments in developing countries to redirect development strategies towards a sustainable path by taking appropriate cognizance of the damaging effects of development efforts. Thus, the chapter recommends controlled urbanization, planned industrialization and eco-friendlyagriculture as development options towards sustainable development.Item EVALUATING PEAK RUNOFF HYDROGRAPHS FOR OYUN RIVER CATCHMENT IN KWARA STATE USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES(Association of Nigerian Geographers, 2014) Rhoda Mojisola, Olanrewaju; Adedayo, I.T.; Iroye, K.A.The power of Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing techniques was used in this work, to determine the required hydrological characteristics of Oyun basin in Kwara State. Both primary and secondary data were used; the primary data are the field coordinates of prominent features in the study area while the secondary data were the administrative maps, satellite imagery, SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographical Mission) raster data and rainfall data for the study area. The GIS techniques of data analysis used comprised of overlay operation, digital terrain modeling (DTM), spatial query operations and map calculation operations. The rainfall data was fitted using Gumbel distribution to obtain basin discharges for four selected return periods. Snyder's method was used to obtain the unit hydrograph ordinates these ordinates were used in conjunction with the discharges to generate rainfall excesses for the respective return periods while the rainfall excesses were convoluted to obtain the predicted pea k runoff (storm) hydrographs for each of the selected return periods. The outcome of this research showed that Oyun river watershed had the following hydrological characteristics; Catchment area is 827 square kilometers, main river length is about 83.57 km, length from Centroid to outlet 'is 43.24km, average basin slope is 0.01464 , the peak discharges of the basin for 5years, 25years, 50years and 100years are 129ml/s/cm, 184.4 m3/s/cm, 207.3 m'[slcm and 230 m3/s/cm, while the corresponding predicted storm hydrographs were 457.12 M3/S ,793.32 Ml/S ,941.70 M3/S and 1088.70 M3/S respectively.Item FARMERS' PERCEPTION AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN YAURI COMMUNITY OF KEBBI STATE, NIGERIA(Faculty of General Studies, Federal University, Dutse, 2016) Rhoda Mojisola, Olanrewaju; Akpan, G.P.Agriculture is the main source of support for the majority of the rural and urban households in developing countries of Africa including Nigeria. Hence, adaptation of the agricultural sector to the negative effects of climate change may be necessary to ensure food security for the country and to protect the livelihood of rural households (Abid et ul, 20 IS). The earth planet has warmed and cold many times during the 4.65 billion years of its history. At present, Earth appears to be "Icing rapid warming which most scientists believed result, at least in purt, from human activities .