Browsing by Author "Oyewole, A.L."

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    Cage Migration and Memory: Investigating the Impact of Varied Cage Sizes on Memory Function in Swiss Mice
    (Society of Experimental and Clinical Anatomists of Nigeria, 2024) Oyewole, A.L.; Ishola S.S.; Oyafemi K.O.; Badmus K.S.; Omoleye J.O.; Abubakar M.F.; Adeniyi-Raheem O.; Amedu A.; Lawal D.L.; Ijiyode A.O.; Yussuf A.O.; Yakub Y.O.; Ogunjimi G.L.; Sulaimon F.A.
    BACKGROUND AND AIM: Diverse cage sizes have been implicated in the alteration of pain sensitivity and inflammation parameters in animal-based experiments. Sparse information is available on the effect of exposure to different cage sizes on memory in animal studies. This study thus aimed to investigate the effect of varied cage size exposure on memory. METHODOLOGY: Twelve adult male Swiss mice (29-34 g) divided into two groups (n=6) were used for this study, comprising a Control group (stationary cage) and a Test group (migrated cage). The cage migrated mice were exposed daily to various cage sizes typically used in Nigerian laboratories for 30 days. In contrast, the cage-stationed mice were daily exposed to new but the same size and shape cage. After 30 days of exposure, memory functions were assessed in the animals using memory-related behavioural paradigms (such as novel object recognition test), acetylcholinesterase activity and histological evaluation. RESULTS: The results showed no significant difference in the recognition and spatial memory of cage migrated animals compared to its cage stationed counterparts. The brain acetylcholinesterase activity significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in cage-migrated mice compared to cage-stationed animals but there was no difference in plasma acetylcholinesterase activity in both groups. Also, histological evaluation of all regions of the hippocampus in both groups of animals did not show any significant difference. Though cornu ammonis regions appeared to be enlarged in cage migrated animals compared to cage stationed. CONCLUSION: Repeated exposure of experimental mice to varied cage sizes could selectively decrease brain acetylcholinesterase activity without affecting the animals’ memory
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    Effect of Ethylacetate leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum and Momordica charantia on Memory in Scopolamine-induced Dementia Rats
    (Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2019) Ayinla M.T; Uthman, Y.; Bayo-Olugbami, A.; Oyewole, A.L.; Owoyele, B.V.
    Lipid peroxidation, reduced anti-oxidant enzyme activities and increased DNA damage resulting from generation of free radicals, consequently leading to oxidative stress, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer’s disease. Based on the widely reported anti-oxidative properties of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) and Momordica charantia (MC), this study evaluated the effects of ethylacetate leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (ELEOG), Momordica charantia (ELEMC) or both ELEOG/MC in scopolamine-induced dementia in rat model. Twenty-five male Wistar rats weighing between 110-120g were randomly distributed into five groups: Control (5ml/kg DMSO, p.o), Scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.); while the test groups were pretreated orally with ELEOG (400 mg/kg), ELEMC (400 mg/kg), and a combination of ELEOG/MC (400 mg/kg each) daily for 15 consecutive days. Amnesia was induced in all groups except the control by a single injection of scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) on the 15th day following which the Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess short-term spatial memory function. Also, biochemical characterization of the brain levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were made. Scopolamine-treated rats with no intervention showed impaired learning and memory, as depicted by increase in escape latency, increased MDA, and decreased GSH level. Intervention with ELEOG, ELEMC or combine form ELEOG/MC decreased the escape latency, reduced MDA level and increased GSH level. These findings show the neuroprotective efficacy of OG and MC, especially the combined form in attenuating cognitive impairment in scopolamine-induced dementia by modulating the oxidative stress pathway.
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    Effect of garcina kola seed on plasma C-reactive protein in human subjects
    (The Nigerian Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences,, 2013) Owoyele, B. V.,; Oyewole, A.L.; Amuda, O.,; Abioye, A.; Biliaminu, S. A.
    Garcinia kola seed ( Garcinia afzelii; also called bitter kola seed) i s a common .Africa snack fruit from a species of flowering plant in the Guttiferae family. Over the years, Africa traditional medicine and ethino pharmacology have attached invaluable roles to Garcinia kola seed (GKS) as a potent anti­hepatotoxic, anti-diabetic. antioxidant and antilisterial. To consolidate these roles. we focus our study on the effect of GKS on C-reactive protein (CRP) in human subjects. Sixty students voluntccrs (n=60 30 female & 30 male) from Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences. U nivcrsl ty of I lorin. N igeria. were used for this study. The screened voluntccrs were subjected to an hour rest for acclitnatization. This was follow by collection of about 2.5 ml of blood through venc puncture. The subjects were then asked to ingest 100 mg/k g of GKS and after 6 hours, another 2.5 ml of blood sample was collected from each subject. The level of C'RP was assay in the two sets of blood samples. The result shows 66.31%, significant decrease in the mean level of basal CRP of the female (p< 0.05). Contrast to this, inmale, there is 72.2 7% signi ficant increase from the mean level of basal CRP (p < 0.05). In conclusion. this study shows GKS as a potent anti-in flammatory fruit for female suhjects but not for male subjects. GKS anti-inflammatory effects are thus gender based. With these observations. it can be said to be more beneficial to female but not to male subjects . Lastly. the clinical practse or using CRP level in the blood to predict the pathogenesis of a disease, track of a disease progress or measure of effcct iveness of a treatment will be mislcading in habitual GKS consuming pati ents.
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    Effect of taurine and caffeine on spatial memory in adult male Wistar rats.
    (Neuroscience Society of Nigeria., 2017) Owoyele, B. V.,; Alashi, Y.; Oyewole, A.L.
    There is an increase in the production and consumption of caffeine and taurine beverages tagged as energy drinks. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the effect of co-administration of caffeine and taurine on memory in Wistar rats. Fifty-four adult Wistar rats were divided into nine groups of six animals and treatments were as follows: Group 1 (10 ml/kg normal saline), Group 2 (100 mg/kg taurine), Group 3 (200 mg/kg taurine), Group 4 (taurine plus furosemide; 20 mg/kg), Group 5 (taurine plus nifedipine; 10 mg/kg), Group 6 (taurine plus caffeine), Group 7 (7.5 mg/kg caffeine), Group 8 (15 mg/kg caffeine) and Group 9 (taurine plus nifedipine plus furosemide plus caffeine). Treatment was once daily for 21 days, after which long term spatial memory of pretreatment training in Morris Water Maze was tested. Histological study was done using haematoxylin and eosin stains on hippocampus tissues harvested from the brain of one animal in each group. The results showed that there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in time taken to find and mount the escape platform compared with the control. This was with the exception of the group co-treated with caffeine and taurine. Histological studies showed normal cell morphology, arrangement and distribution in the hippocampus. There was increased in the number of cells in the hippocampus of the animals given taurine (200 mg/kg) plus caffeine (15 mg/kg), and caffeine (15 mg/kg). In conclusion, at the doses used, co-administration of caffeine and taurine has no significant effects on spatial memory, however the separate use of caffeine or taurine proved to have capacity to enhance spatial memory
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    Effects of n-Hexane Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Momordica charantia Leaves on Learning and Memory in Scopolamine-induced Rat Model of Dementia
    (Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria, 2019) Ayinla M.T; Owoyele, B.V.; Fajemidagba, G.A.; Oyewole, A.L.
    Objective: Cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil are being used to improve memory in people with dementia, but adverse effects associated with the use of these drugs coupled with cost have limited their use, hence the need to explore options in medicinal plants for the treatment of dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate the memory restorative effects of n-hexane extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) and Momordica charantia (MC) in scopolamine-induced dementia in Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six treatment groups as follows: Control, Scopolamine only (1 mg/kg b.w), Donepezil (2 mg/kg b.w) + scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.w), OG (400 mg/kg b.w) + scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.w), MC (400 mg/kg b.w) + scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.w) and co-administration of OG and MC (400 mg/kg b.w each) + scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.w). The animals were treated for 15 days. Morris water maze, light and dark box test were conducted to evaluate learning and memory. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activities were also assessed using thiobarbituric acid procedure and Ellman method respectively. Results: The result showed a significant reduction in escape latency, MDA level, AchE activity and a significant increase in the probing frequency in OG + scopolamine; MC + scopolamine and OG, MC + scopolamine treated groups when compared to the scopolamine only group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the escape latency, MDA, AchE activity and probing frequency between the extracts treated groups and donepenzil group. Conclusion: The study concludes that n-hexane leaves extracts of OG and MC have the ability to restore memory impairment induced by scopolamine.