Browsing by Author "Omotoso G.O."

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Alterations in the levels of female sex hormones following administration of nicotine to Wistar rats
    (Library and Publications Committee, University of Ilorin, 2019) Omotoso G.O.; Kadir R.E.; Alabi A.S.; Olayaki L.A.; Femi-Akinlosotu O.
    The indiscriminate use of nicotine is a serious public health challenge worldwide. In this work, the effect of nicotine was studied on female sex hormones using adult female Wistar rats. Fifteen (15) animals were grouped into three equally as, Group A (Control, given 0.1 ml of normal saline), Group B (given 0.03 mg/kg nicotine), and Group C (received 0.06 mg/kg nicotine). All administration was via the intraperitoneal route, once daily for five (5) consecutive days. All the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation about 24 hours after the last treatment, and intracardial blood samples obtained. Using appropriate biochemical kits, the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), prolactin, oestrogen and progesterone were determined. The results showed a dose-dependent significant increase in serum levels of the gonadotropins and progesterone, and a marked increase in serum levels of oestrogen and prolactin in animals treated with low dose nicotine, but significantly low levels of these hormones were recorded in animals treated with higher dose of nicotine. Administration of nicotine affects the female sex hormones adversely, and this by extension could affect female reproductive activities.
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    Altered testicular histomorphometric and antioxidant levels following in vivo Bisphenol-A administration
    (School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, 2021) Kadir R.E.; Ojulari L.S.; Gegele T.A.; Lawal I.A.; Sulu-Gambari L.; Sulaimon F.A.; Omotoso G.O.
    Background: Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a pervasive environmental toxin that is used in the production processes of many consumables and equipment that are in daily application. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of BPA on the structural and functional integrity of the reproductive system in male Wistar rats and its interaction with melatonin. Methods: Adult female rats in pro-estrus phases were mated with adult male rats and the conception determined. The male pups were divided into two groups of A and B. These groups were further subdivided into six subgroups each. They were administered varying low doses of BPA (25 or 50mg/kg) and melatonin (10mg/kg) at neonatal and adolescent ages. The testes, epididymis and blood samples were collected for histological, semen and biochemical investigations, respectively. Results: The results show that BPA caused histological alterations, reduced quality and quantity of sperm cells, and induced oxidative stress at birth and adolescence. Conclusion: Bisphenol A exposure, even at low dose, is toxic to the male reproductive system, and melatonin administration did not significantly improve the alterations caused by the BPA
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    Dominant Traits of the Cheek and Tongue in North Central Nigeria
    (Anatomical Society of Nigeria, 2025) Kadir E.R.; Yakub A.D.; Obe T.M.; Bada G.N.; Imam A.; Omotoso G.O.
    Cheek dimples (small indentations on the cheeks) and tongue rolling (the ability to fold the tongue) are dominant genetic traits observed in humans. Investigating these traits provides valuable insights into genetic inheritance patterns and their cultural significance across various populations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and ecological implications of dominant traits like cheek dimples and tongue rolling in individuals across Kwara, Kogi, and Niger states. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 348 North-Central Nigerians, including 231 males and 117 females aged 16 to 30. Data were collected on the presence or absence of cheek dimples, tongue rolling, and tongue-twisting, and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). A chi-square test was conducted with a confidence interval of ±0.5 at a 95% confidence level. Results indicated that 33% of participants had dimples, with 57% having dimples on both cheeks, 15% on the right cheek, and 35% on the left. Additionally, 48.3% of participants had parents with dimples. For tongue rolling, 66.7% of participants could roll their tongues, with 52.6%, 46.6%, 41.4%, and 53.7% able to twist their tongues to the right, left, and both directions and shape them into a U, respectively. These findings offer insights into the prevalence and variability of these traits within the population.
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    Effects of Telfairia occidentalis on the haematological parameters, liver and spleen of pregnant Wistar rats
    (The Tropical Journal of Health Sciences. Published by College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2012-07) Kadir R.E.; Omotoso G.O.; Akinlolu A.A.; Enaibe B.U.; Gbenle O.B.
    Telfairia occidentalis is a dioecious perennial vine widely used for its medicinal and dietary benefits. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of T.occidentalis on haematological parameters of pregnant rats following oral administration, as well as its effects on the liver and spleen of these rats. Fifteen pregnant Wistar rats weighing between 110-130 g were used for the study. The rats were divided into 3 groups: Group A was the control, Group B was the treatment group given T. occidentalis twice daily for 4 days, while Group C received the extract twice daily for 10 days. Findings showed increase size in hepatocytes of the treated groups and increase in the trabeculae and white pulp of the treated group non-statistically significant increases The symptoms of protein energy malnutrition in haematological parameters (RBC, PCV haemoglobin level and lymphocyte count) of treated animals. These increases in blood parameters observed in this study were not as pronounced as those obtainable in non-pregnant and male rats.
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    Moringa oleifera ameliorates cuprizone-induced cerebellar damage in adult female rats
    (Research Journal of Health Sciences, 2018) Omotoso G.O.; Kadir R.E.; Lewu S.F.; Gbadamosi I.T; Akinlolu A.A.; Adunmo G.O.; Kolo R.M.; Lawal M.O; Ameen M.O.
    Objectives: Cuprizone is a neurotoxicant used in modeling demyelinating disorders. This study explored the effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) on oxidative, histomorphological and behavioural changes in cuprizone-damaged cerebellum. Methods: Twenty adult female Wistar rats were grouped into 4, each group having five animals. Group A received 1 ml of normal saline (Control); group B received 0.4% cuprizone; group C received 15.6 mg/kgBW Moringa oleifera leaf extract; group D received 0.4% cuprizone and 15.6 mg/kgBW Moringa oleifera, orally for 5 weeks. The animals were assessed for exploratory and locomotor activities, while the cerebellum was processed for histology and assayed for nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Results: Cuprizone treatment caused weight reduction, disruption of Purkinje cell layer, cellular degeneration, reduction in NO, CAT and SOD activities. However, these changes were ameliorated when co-administered with MO. Conclusion: The anti-oxidative property of Moringa oleifera is responsible for its ameliorative effect in cuprizone neurotoxicity. Keywords: demyelination, cuprizone, cerebellar damage, Moringa oleifera, oxidative enzymes
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    Moringa oleifera ameliorates cuprizone-induced cerebellar damage in adult female rats
    (College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, 2018) Omotoso G.O.; Kadir R.E.; Lewu S.F.; Gbadamosi I.T.; Akinlolu A.A.; Adunmo G.O.; Kolo R.M.; Lawal M.O.; Ameen M.O.
    Objectives: Cuprizone is a neurotoxicant used in modeling demyelinating disorders. This study explored the effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) on oxidative, histomorphological and behavioural changes in cuprizone-damaged cerebellum. Methods: Twenty adult female Wistar rats were grouped into 4, each group having five animals. Group A received 1 ml of normal saline (Control); group B received 0.4% cuprizone; group C received 15.6 mg/kgBW Moringa oleifera leaf extract; group D received 0.4% cuprizone and 15.6 mg/kgBW Moringa oleifera, orally for 5 weeks. The animals were assessed for exploratory and locomotor activities, while the cerebellum was processed for histology and assayed for nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Results: Cuprizone treatment caused weight reduction, disruption of Purkinje cell layer, cellular degeneration, reduction in NO, CAT and SOD activities. However, these changes were ameliorated when co-administered with MO. Conclusion: The anti-oxidative property of Moringa oleifera is responsible for its ameliorative effect in cuprizone neurotoxicity.
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    Moringa oleifera attenuates biochemical and histological changes associated with the pancreas in nicotine-treated rats
    (Research Journal of Health Sciences, 2018) Omotoso G.O.; Adunmo G.O.; Ojulari L.S.; Olawuyi T.S.; Lewu F.S. ,; Jaji-Sulaimon R.; Sulaimon F.A.; Gbadamosi I.T. ,; Onoja O.P.
    Objective: The study was undertaken in order to evaluate the beneficial potential of Moringa oleifera, in nicotine-induced pancreatic injury. Method: Forty-five adult female albino rats were divided into 5 groups A-E, each group having nine rats. Group A received normal saline; group B received 6.88 mg/kg of nicotine intraperitoneally (i.p); group C received 6.88 mg/kg of nicotine i.p. and 200 mg/kg of Moringa oleifera leaf powder dissolved in 2 ml of normal saline (orally); group D received 13.76 mg/kg of nicotine i.p., while group E received 13.76 mg/kg of nicotine i.p. and 200 mg/kg of Moringa oleifera leaf powder dissolved in 2 ml of normal saline (orally). Treatment was for 8 days and the rats were sacrificed after 24 hours of termination of study. Intracardial blood specimens were obtained to analyse blood glucose, while the pancreas was excised and either fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for histology or sucrose solution and homogenised for biochemical analysis of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) enzymes. Results: In comparison with the Control, animals treated with low dose of nicotine with or without Moringa oleifera and those treated with high dose of nicotine plus Moringa oleifera had reduction in body weights (p>0.05), while marked reduction in pancreatic weights was noted in low dose nicotine (p<0.05) and both nicotine groups co-treated with Moringa oleifera (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in the levels of blood glucose and pancreatic G-6-PDH levels, while significant reduction occurred in pancreatic LDH levels in nicotine-treated rats (p<0.05). However, LDH improved following co administration with Moringa oleifera. Observation of the histology of the pancreas revealed atrophy of intercalated ducts, poorly delineated and disintegrating islet of Langerhans in animals treated with the higher dose of nicotine, while changes in pancreatic tissue in animals co-treated with Moringa oleifera were not as severe as the nicotine-treated animals. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera leaf decoction minimally ameliorates morphological and biochemical changes associated with nicotine-induced pancreatic damage. Keywords: Nicotine, Pancreatic damage, Moringa oleifera
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    Moringa Oleifera is protective against microarchitectural and neurochemical changes associated with cuprizone-induced pre-frontal cortex neurotoxicity in female Wistar rats
    (Neuroscience Society of Nigeria, 2018) Omotoso G.O.; Gbadamosi I.T.; Akinlolu A.A.; Ameen M.O.; Kadir R.E.; Jaji-Sulaimon R.; Abdulwahab A.B.; Kolo R.M.
    Cuprizone administration causes selective damage to axonal myelin sheath and has been used to model demyelinating diseases in neuroscience research. This study aimed at determining the protective effects of Moringa oleifera on cuprizone-induced neurotoxicity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Sixteen adult female Wistar rats were procured and grouped into 4: Group A was given normal saline, Group B received 0.4% cuprizone diet, Group C was administered with 1.875 mg/ml of Moringa oleifera and Group D received a combination of 0.4% cuprizone diet and 1.875 mg/ml of Moringa oleifera. All the groups were treated orally for 35 consecutive days after which they were sacrificed. Thereafter the PFC was processed for histological demonstration, while tissue homogenate was used to assay the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Cuprizone administration caused significant reduction in body weight and SOD activities. It also caused an alteration in the microarchitecture and Nissl profile of the PFC. Moringa oleifera intervention led to restoration of body weight, SOD levels, Nissl profile and the histology of the PFC. The use of preparations of Moringa oleifera, especially the leaf-component, could offer some protective measures to individuals suffering from demyelinating conditions, especially in addressing the associated weight changes and frontocortical dysfunction.
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    Prenatal exposure to gestational nicotine before neurulation is detrimental to neurodevelopment of Wistar rats’ offspring
    (Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, 2018) Omotoso G.O.; Kadir R.E.; Sulaimon F.A.; Jaji-Sulaimon R.; Gbadamosi I.T.
    Background and aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of gestational nicotine exposure before neurodevelopment on the morphology and histology of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in rats. Methodology: Adult female Wistar rats were time-mated and grouped into three categories: (a) control–given 0.1 mL of normal saline, (b) low-dose nicotine–given 6.88 mg/ kg/d/0.05 mL, and (c) high-dose nicotine–given 13.76 mg/kg/d/0.1 mL in two divided doses. Treatment was given intraperitoneally from gestational days 2 to 6. On postnatal day 15 (P15), the pups were separated from their mothers, anaesthetised and sacrificed, followed by intracardial perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde. PFC was excised from the brain and processed for tissue histology, histochemistry, and morphology of brain cells. Results: Gestational nicotine exposure during the first week of gestation in rats significantly reduced birth weights in nicotine-treated groups compared with control; it, however, accelerated body weights, altered neuronal morphology, and elevated astrocytic count significantly, while oligodendroglial count was slightly increased in the PFC of juvenile rats examined at P15. Conclusion: These alterations revealed that gestational nicotine exposure before the commencement of the cellular processes involved in brain development negatively affects neurodevelopment, and this could result in neurological dysfunctions in later life.