Browsing by Author "Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah Ayodeji"
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Item Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Aqueous Extract of Allium Cepa Peels in Wistar Albino Rats(Iranian Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, 2021) Ojuade, Fatimoh Idowu; Ayanniyi, Rashidat Oluwafunke; Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah Ayodeji; Ayeni, Adedolapo Rhoda; Rasheed, Mumini WemimoAllium cepa (A. cepa) is a medicinal plant widely used as spice in food and has been reported to have antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anticancer, and antioxidant properties amongst others. The peels from this vegetable also possess antioxidant, antiulcer, antidiabetic, antihypertensive activities to mention few. A. cepa peels is used by traditional healers to treat and or manage different ailments but little is known about the safety of A. cepa peels. This study evaluated the safety of aqueous extract of A. cepa peels (AEACP) in female Wistar albino rats. Oral acute toxicity was evaluated using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline 423, three (3) oral doses of the extract (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) were used and administered for 28 days for the subacute toxicity study. The effect of AEACP was evaluated on the: body weight, relative organ weight, hematological parameters, hepatic and renal parameters. The effect of AEACP was also evaluated on the histology of the kidney and liver. The median lethal dose (LD50) was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg and administration of AEACP produced no significant (p˂0.05) differences in body weight, relative kidney weight, creatinine, and uric acid when compared with control group. There were significant (p˂0.05) reduction in relative liver weight, serum sodium, and serum chloride level in 500 mg/kg group and the percentage reduction in comparison with control was 15.24 ± 1.98, 42.45 ± 2.40, and 9. 65 ± 1.07 respectively. The PLT and ALT values in 125 mg/kg group were significantly (p˂0.05) lowered by 26.26 ± 2.96 and 39.46 ± 3.04% when compared with control. The WBC, uric acid, Albumin, and D. bilirubin values in 500 mg/kg group were significantly reduced (p˂0.05) compared with 125 mg/kg group with percentage reductions of 32.10 ± 2.31, 7.79 ± 1.03, 17.89 ± 2.34, and 27.37 ± 2.79 respectively. The urea level in groups treated with 125 and 250 mg/kg of AEACP was significantly lower than the control group and the percentage reduction were found to be 54.17 ± 2.10 and 37.15 ± 1.98 respectively. The histopathological examinations showed no traces of toxicity as the architecture of the liver and kidney were preserved. Acute and subacute use of Allium cepa peels produced no toxicity, its folkloric use is safe and should be encouraged..Item Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract and n-Butanol Fraction of Croton zambesicus Muell Arg.(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, 2022-03) Ayanniyi, Rasheedat Oluwafunke; Ojuade, Fatimoh Idowu; Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah Ayodeji; Aiyelero, Oyeronke Medinat; Fabunmi, O. A.Croton zambesicus Muell Arg. (Euphorbiaceace) is a plant indigenous to West Africa and has been found to be useful in management of chronic diseases including; hypertension diabetes mellitus and gastric ulcer. These diseases are deeply rooted in inflammation, the WHO has advocated for evaluation of herbal medicines with ameliorative potentials to promote the use of effective ones and discourage the use of toxic ethno medicines. Hence, the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract and n-butanol fraction of Croton zambesicus were evaluated. The total phenolics and flavonoids, vitamin A, C and E content were determined using spectrophotometric analysis. Inflammation was achieved using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in rats. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 0.392 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 0.149 mg/g quercetin equivalent respectively. The vitamin A, C and E concentration were found to be 0.13, 5.9 and 0.02 mg in 100 g of dried plant material, respectively. Administration of carrageenan significantly (p˂0.05) increased the hind paw sizes of the animals and the administration of both extracts significantly (p˂0.05) reduced hind paw edema in a non-dose dependent manner. At 180 minutes after the induction of inflammation, aqueous extract (100 mg/kg) and n-butanol fraction (5 mg/kg) of Croton zambesicus showed 70.53% and 57.89% inhibition of the hind paw edema. The result is comparable to the effect of diclofenac at 180 minutes with 73.68% inhibition. Results from this study shows the aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus and n-butanol fraction has anti-inflammatory activity. This may be attributed to the presence of phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant compounds present in the leaf extract.Item EFFECTS OF WHOLE CANNABIS SATIVA INGESTION ON BEHAVIOURAL PATTERNS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN MICE BRAIN TISSUES(Animal Research International, 2019-04-12) Akinola, Olugbenga; Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah Ayodeji; Oyewole, L. Aboyeji; Owolodun, O. Abibat; Egboro, D. Efe; Abdulkadir, B. Fatima; Iyenmoana, Ese; Yakub, Y. Olatunji; Akinyele, Akinsola; Ogbeche, O.ElizabethThe unregulated habitual use of whole Cannabis sativa remains a challenge for the potential medical usefulness of the plant. As a psychoactive substance with different physiological properties, the onset and extent of its effects are often a factor of the mode of consumption. This study evaluated the neuro-behavioural effects of daily oral ingestion of C. sativa and its modulatory changes in oxidative stress parameters in mice brain tissues. Twenty-five male Swiss albino mice were separated into 5 groups of 5 animals each. Cannabis-diet were prepared from whole dried cannabis and standard mice feed. Groups I – IV, were fed with 40, 20, 10 and 1 % cannabis-diet ad libitum for 14 days, while group V animals were fed the standard mice diet ad libitum for 14 days and served as control. Neuro-behavioural activities were assessed by observing animals rearing, grooming, ambulation, head dipping and freezing times. The brain oxidative stress parameters were assayed to determine the effect of cannabis oral consumption on activity in mice brain. The animals fed with cannabis-diet displayed significantly reduced anxiety but statistically insignificant locomotory function, exploratory tendencies and neophilia, in a quantity dependent manner relative to the controls. Cannabis demonstrated both antioxidant and oxidative stress tendencies. Ingestion of whole cannabis plants may not adversely influence neuro-behavioural patterns in animals. A trade-off between oxidative stress induction and brain tissue injury repair mechanisms may have been elicited by different constituents of Cannabis. Thus, oral ingestion of cannabis may not readily cause changes in neuro-behavioural patterns.Item Heavy metal content of commonly consumed herbal bitters in Ilorin, Nigeria(West African Journal of Pharmacy, 2017-04-24) Ayanniyi, Olufunke Rashidat; Folami, O. Samson; Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah Ayodeji; Atunwa, Abiola Soliu; Oreagba, A. IbrahimBackground: The use of herbal medicines has increased in recent years and has gained much attention in the health sectors, scientific community and the public alike. The safety and quality of these products become questionable even when the efficacy and potency may be guaranteed. Objective: The presence of heavy metals was determined. Methods: Two batches of five herbal bitters were purchased from different parts of Ilorin. Samples were prepared from these batches and analyzed for the presence of Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe) and Lead (Pb) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Their concentrations were compared with WHO permissible limits. The variations in the concentration of Cd, Fe, and Pb in the two batches of samples were also determined at P < 0.05. Results: The value of Cd ranged from 0.003-0.3mg/L, Pb 0.000-0.067mg/L and Fe 0.083-0.27mg/L. This study revealed that majority of the samples contained Cd and Pb in concentrations significantly lower than the permissible limits. However, the two batches of herbal bitters contained Fe with concentrations significantly higher than the official permissible limit of 0.1mg/L. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study showed that Iron was present in all the samples with some concentrations significantly higher than the WHO permissible limit. Lead and cadmium were present in some of the samples with concentrations below the WHO permissible limit.Item The Protective Effect of Croton zambesicus against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Renal Toxicity in Rats(Arak University of Medical Sciences, 2019-02) Ayanniyi, Rashidat Oluwafunke; Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah Ayodeji; Ojuade, Fatimoh Idowu; Abdullahi, Rasheed; Anafi, Sherifat BolaBackground: The leaf extract of Croton zambesicus (CZ) is used in traditional medicine for the management of various conditions including kidney disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the protective effects of leaf extract of CZ on rat kidney toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride. Method: Male albino rats were divided into 6 groups of 5 rats and treated for 5 days with aqueous extract (200-400 mg/kg) and n-butanol fraction (20-40 mg/kg) of CZ. Carbon tetrachloride (2 ml/kg of 40% in olive oil) was administered subcutaneously for 3 days and the rats were treated with the extract and fraction for 3 days. Animals were euthanized on day 8 with intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (60 mg/kg) and xylazine (7.5 mg/kg). Blood sample was collected for the analysis of serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine. Kidney tissue was harvested to determine the antioxidant enzyme activity. Results: Carbon tetrachloride produced increased serum sodium ion, chloride ion, urea and creatinine with decreased superoxide, catalase, glutathione, oxidized glutathione and an increase in malondialdehyde concentration. Treatment of rats with the aqueous leaf extract and n-butanol fraction attenuated the toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride on kidney with a significant decline in serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine and a significant increase in the concentration of antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion: Results from this study revealed that the aqueous leaf extract and n-butanol fraction of CZ had protective effect against carbon tetrachloride-induced renal toxicity in rats, thus justifying the consideration of this plant for the management of kidney disease.Item Protective effect of Croton zambesicus leaf extract against carbon tetrachlorideinduced cardiac toxicity in rats(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2020-06-27) Ayanniyi, Rashidat Oluwafunke; Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah Ayodeji; Ojuade, Fatimoh Idowu; Asogwa, NnaemekaBackground: The leaves of Croton zambesicus (CZ) Muell Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) are used as a spice for food and in traditional medicine for the management of several disease conditions, including hypertension and diabetes. The study was carried out to determine the cardioprotective effects of CZ leaf extract and n-butanol fraction on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) -induced toxicity. Male albino rats were treated for 5 days with CZ extract, n-butanol fraction, and ascorbic acid. Materials and Method: On day 6, CCl4 was administered subcutaneously for 3 days to rats in Groups II-VII and treated concurrently for 3 days with aqueous leaf extract of CZ, n-butanol fraction, and ascorbic acid. Serum levels of cardiac function markers, creatine-kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) fraction, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated. Antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), oxidized GSH (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also determined. Results: Aqueous leaf extract and n-butanol fraction significantly (P < 0.05) decreased serum concentration of CK-MB and LDH. In addition, there was a significant (P < 0.001) increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPx) with a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the concentration of MDA. Conclusion: Results from this study revealed the aqueous leaf extract of CZ attenuated toxic effects of CCl4 on the heart and thus found to have a protective potential.