Browsing by Author "Olugasa, B. O."
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Item dentification of geographic risk factors associated withclinical human rabies in a transit city of Nigeria(by Vet Academic Resource Foundation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2009) Olugasa, B. O.; Aiyedun, J. O.; Akingbogun, A. AHospital data from June 2002 to December 2008 were used to identify spatial locations of dog bite incidence in humans that were presented at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) for clinical care. Geographic coordinates of the identified locations were captured and used to create spatial models of dog bite incidence and rabies spread in Ilorin, the capital city of Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of152 cases of dog bite injury were retrieved. Seventeen (11.2%) patients were confirmed as clinical cases of rabies with fatal outcome. There were 11(64.7%), 4 (36.4%) and 2 (11.8%) fatal cases in children (age 0-15 years old),youths (16-30 years old) and adults(31-80 years old) respectively. Spatial cluster (p<0.001) of rabies virus infected dog bite cases was identified at central abattoir and its adjoining open beef market. The cluster occupied 3.3km radius with communal waste foods, abattoir wastes and water in non-residential areas of the city. Our findings associated free-roaming unimmunized dogs with virus infected bite injuries and rabies cases especially in children that commute along various routes by a central abattoir. This paper describes the importance and need for more communal hygiene and responsible dog ownership in rabies control in a transit city between the northern and southern parts of Nigeria.Item Identification and analysis of dog use, management practices and implications for rabies control in Ilorin, Nigeria(by Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Dan Fodio University, Sokoto., 2012) Aiyedun, J. O.; Olugasa, B. O.Dog use and associated management practices were investigated in Ilorin, the capital city of Kwara State, Nigeria from August to October 2010. All identified 16,348 household compounds in the city were investigated. Five hundred (500) questionnaires were directly administered at household and compound levels to capture data on socio-economic profile of dog owners, reasons for keeping dogs and types of management system practiced. The results indicated that majority [621, n = 1,258 (49.4%)] of dogs were kept primarily for security of premises. Some 205 (16.3%) were kept for breeding and commercial ventures, 184 (14.6%) were kept as pets, 103 (8.2%) were kept essentially for game hunting, 98 (7.8%) were used for multiple purposes and 47 (3.7%) were raised as source of meat. Dog management ranged from intensive (kennel confined) [331, (26.3%)], to extensive (free-roaming) system in 927 (73.7%) dogs. Dogs were kennel confined mostly [207, (16.5%)] in high income residential areas, while all dogs in transit areas were free-roaming. A positive correlation (r2=0.74) exists between extensive practice and dogs for meat production which were left to scavenge freely in the city. The implication of dog use and management practices in relation to rabies control in Ilorin city and its environs is discussed in this paper. Status of community hygiene and environmental health is contributory to rabies risk in the city. Improved community hygiene is needed to complement effective vaccination coverage of dogs for rabies control in the city.Item A Survey of Pathological Conditions of Public Health Importance in Slaughtered Cattle in Ilorin Central Abattoir, Nigeria(Esxon Publishers, 2013) Olatunde, A. O.; Aiyedun, J. O.; Olugasa, B. O.The prevalence of disease constitutes a serious setback to livestock industry in Nigeria. An effective livestock disease control programme, needs up-to-date record of common diseases prevalent in an area. The knowledge of the magnitude to which the public is exposed to certain zoonoses through beef consumption is very useful in preventive medicine. Ilorin central Abattoir was visited between January and December 2011 to collect information on pathological conditions of public health importance found in slaughtered cattle during the period. Records were kept on sex, breed, foetal wastage and on results of laboratory findings on faeces and worms collected from the disease organ. A total of 38,560 cattle were examined. Pneumonia constituted (42%), Helminthiasis (18%), Abscesses in liver, lung and kidney (10%) and other problems (30%) of the pathological conditions noted. Out of the 4,550 organs infected with diseases 1,350 (27.47%) portions were salvaged while 3200 (72.53%) whole organs were condemned. Twenty nine whole carcasses were condemned. Foetal wastage was estimated at 18% of the 20,150 female cattle slaughtered while 18,410 male was slaughtered during the period. Mycobacterium spp., Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus sp and Bacillus sp isolated from disease organs were of Public Health importance. Suggestions were made for improving the meat inspection practices of the Abattoir and for providing better education to the butchers.Item Use of Aerial Photograph to enhance Dog Population Census in Ilorin, Nigeria.(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Dan Fodio University, Sokoto, 2012) Aiyedun, J. O.; Olugasa, B. O.The ground survey method for dog population census is considered to be prone to error in enumeration. As a result, use of aerial photography has been suggested as capable of enhancing ground survey methods for more accurate results. Dog population census was carried out within llorin city in October 2010 using direct street count and questionnaire survey aided by coverage precision of the 2010 aerial photograph of the city to define enumeration areas. The city was classified into three functional zones, namely residential (low, medium and high income areas) non-residential (educational, government offices, commercial and recreational areas) and transit zones (vehicle terminals for cars, buses and trucks traveling from southwestern to northern parts of Nigeria and vice versa). Five hundred questionnaires were administered to obtain primary data on socio-economic characteristics of dog owners and dog count. A total of 16,348 households were covered in the city. Dog population was estimated to be 1,258 comprising 668 (53.10%) male and 590 (46.90%) female. There were 356 (28.30%) young dogs (<6 month old) and 902 (71.70%) adult dogs (> 6 months old) in the population. Dog distribution ranged from 510 (40.54%) in non-residential areas and 480 (38.16%) in residential areas, to 268 (21.30%) in transit areas of the city. Dog population density of 1:13 dog per household was obtained. Poorly managed garbage collection points were found to be associated with and aid the distribution of roaming dogs. The census figures generated in this study are valuable for public health planning in Ilorin, Nigeria, particularly for antirabies control programme among dogs in the city.