Browsing by Author "Oludairo O.O."

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Awareness and antibody detection of Newcastle disease virus in a neglected society in Nigeria
    (Veterinary World, 2019-01) Daodu O.B.; Aiyedun J.O.; Kadir R.A.; Ambali H.M.; Oludairo O.O.; Olorunshola I.D.; Daodu O.C.; Baba S.S.
    Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness of rural poultry farmers on vaccination and to detect Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibody in local birds (LB) and eggs in Kwara State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Data on farmers’ attitude, knowledge, practices, and experiences on ND mortality were obtained through an interview using a structured cross-sectional checklist. NDV antibodies were detected in sera and egg yolks of local chickens (LC) and guinea fowls (GF) using hemagglutination inhibition test. Results: A total of 83 interviewees, 287 sera and 121 egg yolk extracts, were examined. The study revealed that 98.8% (82/83) of the interviewee had never vaccinated their flock before. 90% of the interviewee had reported high mortality in birds within 1-6 months old, while the major clinical signs were cold (40.4%) and torticollis (30.8%). Evidences of LB exposure to wild-type NDV were confirmed by the detection of NDV antibodies in 20.8% and 0% of LC and GF, respectively. The mortality differences experienced in <1 and 1-6 months old LB could be explained by the presence of maternally-derived NDV antibody (49.6%) in egg yolk. Conclusion: The study showed that LB suffers from NDV as a result of LB keepers’ ignorance and neglect by the government. This has limited local investment and subsequent contribution to gross domestic product. This study suggests that the key factors to the prevention of ND remain awareness creation about poultry vaccination, production of affordable vaccines, and availability/accessibility to veterinarian (or trained personnel).
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    Cross Sectional Study of Brucellosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Abattoirs within the Transit City of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria, 2019-12) Aiyedu J.O.; Odetunde F.O.; Oludairo O.O.; Olorunshola I.D.; Daodu O.B.; Nwoha R.I.O.
    Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonosis in the world; it is highly contagious and caused by a group of organisms in the genus Brucella. The disease remains endemic in Nigeria and its actual incidence and prevalence are unknown due to both inadequate surveillance and systems of reporting outbreaks. This study was designed to determine the sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Ilorin, Kwara State, a gateway to states, and countries engaging in livestock trades within and around Nigeria. A total of 224 blood samples were randomly collected from cattle slaughtered at the two metropolitan abattoirs in the city. The study employed a combination of 2 serological techniques; the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and the Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SAT). Of the 224 cattle screened, 10.71% tested positive with Rose Bengal Antigen, while 11.16% tested positive for Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SATT). Prevalence was higher in cows (11.44%) than in bulls (8.69%). There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of bovine brucellosis and any of the variables examined. However, the overall prevalence (11.16%) observed in the study was significant. Thus, the need for drastic public health interventions/control measures on brucellosis in the livestock industry in Nigeria.
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    Detection and molecular characterization of a first isolate of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in Nigeria
    (Springer, 2021) Daodu O.B.; Shaibu J.O.; Richards A.B.; Folaranmi E.B.; Adegoke S.; Ajadi A.; Olorunshola I.D.; Akanbi O.B.; Afolabi A.A.; Daodu O.C.; Aiyedun J.O.; Oludairo O.O.; Halleed N.I.; Audu R.A.; Oluwayelu D.O.
    Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) was recovered from necropsied rabbits that died during an outbreak characterized by epistaxis, incoordination, paralysis, and multi-organ haemorrhages in Ilorin, Nigeria. The haemagglutination test (HA) and RT PCR assay targeted against a fragment of the RHDV VP60 gene were performed on liver, spleen, and kidney homogenates; faeces; and urine obtained from the rabbits. Amplicons were purified, sequenced, and phylogenetically analysed. The liver homogenates yielded the highest HA titres while RT-PCR of liver, spleen, and kidneys yielded the expected 1252 bp band. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Nigerian RHDV strain (RHDV/NGR/ILN/001) was 98.57%, 97.95%, and 96.70% homologous with RHDV2 (RHDVGI.2) strains from the Netherlands, Germany, and France, respectively. RHDV/NGR/ILN/001 induced tracheal, intestinal, and mediastinal lymph node haemorrhages, pulmonary oedema and congestion, and enlarged, necrotic liver in experimentally inoculated rabbits. The implications of this study, which is the first report of RHDV in Nigeria, are discussed
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    EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOSECURITY MEASURES IN SOME SELECTED FARMS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
    (Department of Forestry Wildlife and Range Management University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, 2018-06) Aiyedun J.O.; Oludairo O.O.; Olorunsola I.D.; Daodu O.B.; Furo N.A.
    Biosecurity in poultry farm is a set of practices designed to prevent the entry and spread of infectious diseases into and from a poultry farm. It is one of the most economical and effective methods of disease prevention and control in the poultry industry. A semi-structured questionnaire was employed to capture data on biosecurity practices observed by some registered poultry farms randomly selected in Kwara State from March 2016 to December 2016. Data generated under a focused group discussion covered information on farm environment and hygiene, risk factors, disease management, control and regulations. Epi Info software package version 6.04 was used for data analysis. The relationships between the dependent and independent variables were compared using the χ2 tests. A P-value of ˂0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference that biosecurity measure is of great relevance in the poultry industry. The study revealed that the management practices and hygiene methods employed in the farms investigated were not in tandem with standard biosecurity measures and practices (SD≤0.5), standard methods and their implication of non-compliance were also not well understood. We recommend ‘all-in and all-out’ management system of practice and further research on biosecurity measures for human and animal health and protection
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    Epidemiology and public health implication of parasites contamination on fruits, vegetables and in water in Kwara Central, Nigeria.
    (Polish Parasitological Society, 2022) Ola-Fadunsin S.D.; Adebanjo A.O.; Abdullahi D.A.; Hussain K.; Sanda I.M.; Musa R.; Ganiyu I.A.; Elelu N.; Aiyedun J.O.; Oludairo O.O.
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    KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS ZOONOSES AMONG WORKERS IN SELECTED ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS IN NIGERIA
    (Department of Forestry Wildlife and Range Management University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, 2021-09) Aiyedun J.O.; Oludairo O.O.; Jegede H.O.; Daodu O.B.; Akanbi O.B.
    An exploratory questionnaire-based survey of zoological workers (n=152) was carried out from April 2016 to March 2017 in Ibadan (Oyo State), Ilorin (Kwara State) and Jos (Plateau State), Nigeria to assess local knowledge and attitude towards zoonoses among zoological workers. A combination of closed and open-ended questions, focused group discussions and ranking techniques were employed to gather information on perceptions concerning the type of zoonotic diseases prevalent in the study area, level of risk, mode of transmission and methods of preventing disease transmission from animals to humans. The results revealed that 44.1% of the respondents had good level of awareness about zoonoses. Rabies (99%), tuberculosis (41%), bird flu (47%) and Ebola virus disease (EVD) (44%) were considered the four most common zoonotic diseases in the study area. Among the respondents, 42.1% and 57.2% perceived zoonoses are transmitted by direct contact and attending to sick animals respectively. Constant hand washing was indicated by 45.4% of the respondents as the mode of prevention of zoonoses in the study area. It is necessary that the Government provide the vaccination facility to all the zoological workers against the relevant zoonotic diseases. The level of awareness about the risks associated is needed to improve through proper education, training, and establishment of written infection control policies in the various zoological gardens in the country.
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    Major Emerging Viral Zoonosis Reported in Nigeria: A Review
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria, 2021-12) Aiyedun J.O.; Oludairo O.O.; Nwoha R.I.O.; Daodu O.B.
    This review paper is aimed to provide comprehensive information on emerging and re-emerging viral zoonoses, factors contributing to the emergence and re-emergence of these diseases and prevention and control measures against these viral zoonotic diseases. Emerging zoonoses like avian influenza, ebola virus disease and Lassa fever are those infections, in which the incidence in humans and animals have either increased during the last two decades or threaten to increase shortly. Re-emerging zoonoses like rabies are those that have reappeared after a significant decline in their incidence. Emerging and re-emerging diseases are causing devastating effects nationally and internationally, with millions of people infected and billions of money spent. The factors contributing to the emergence and re-emergence of zoonoses are viral adaptation, antigenic drift and shift, climatic conditions, international travel, globalization and trade. To prevent both human and animal deaths and to avoid potential economic burdens associated with emerging and re-emerging viral zoonotic diseases, there should be good control and prevention methods for these diseases such as good epidemiological survey, improved diagnostic facility, avoidance of global warming and working in collaboration with all stakeholders.
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    Rabies immune status of vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs in Kwara State, Nigeria.
    (Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria, 2021) Aiyedun J.O.; Oluboyede I.S.; Daodu O.B.; Oludairo O.O.; Olorunshola I.D.; Darajat A.T.
    Rabies is one of the deadliest zoonoses that have existed for decades, affecting wide range of hosts globally. In Nigeria, there is paucity of data on routine antibody check of antirabies vaccinated dogs as quality assurance. This study was designed to investigate the seroprevalence of canine rabies virus in both vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs within Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and eighty-two (182) blood samples collected from dogs were transported to the Virology and Immunology Laboratory of the University of Ilorin Veterinary Teaching Hospital for processing. Sera were harvested from the blood samples and rabies IgG was qualitatively determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Overall seroprevalence of 11% (20/182) was recorded in this study. One hundred and twenty-one (66.5%) and Sixty-one (33.5%) of the dogs used in this study had vaccination and non-vaccination status respectively. The study also revealed that several dogs (78.7%; 48/61) that were said to be vaccinated did not have rabies antibodies while some unvaccinated dogs (5.8%; 7/121) had rabies antibodies. There was a significant (χ2 = 11.177, df = 4, P = 0.025) association between age group and rabies virus antibodies detection. The same significant (χ2 = 9.995, df = 1, P = .002) association was observed for vaccination status of dogs sampled. On the other hand, sex has no significant (χ2 = 0.71, df = 1, P = .790) association with rabies virus antibodies. Poor attitude to vaccination of dogs used for hunting in rural and semi-urban areas was generally observed compared to dogs kept for other purposes in urban areas. There is need for increased rabies awareness campaign, vaccine subsidies, and wider sero-surveillance activities engaging the relevant stakeholders with government sponsorship
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    Surveillance for avian influenza virus in captive wild birds and indigenous chickens in Nigeria
    (Springer, 2020-03-20) Daodu O.B.; Jegede H.O.; Aiyedun J.O.; Oludairo O.O.; Olorunshola I.D.; Daodu O.C.; Ajadi A.; Ambali S.F.
    Several reports of avian influenza virus (AIV) have been made on commercial chickens and wild birds in sub-Saharan Africa, but there is paucity of information of AIV among captive wild birds and indigenous chickens. Blood samples were obtained randomly from captive wild birds and chickens. AIV nucleoprotein antibody detection involved the use of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and subsequent subtyping with H5 and H7 AIV antigens (haemagglutination inhibition). Four hundred birds belonging to nine families and 14 species were sampled, and overall prevalence of 23% (92/400) was obtained (captive wild birds (10.4%, 5/48), indigenous birds (47.3%, 87/184) and exotic commercial birds (0.0%, 0/168)). Twelve ELISA-positive birds (13.04%) were positive to H7 antigen. Univariate analysis indicated statistical significance of AIV prevalence in captive wild birds (p < 0.0001) and exotic birds (p < 0.0001) using indigenous chickens as reference. This study gave an evidence of exposure of captive wild birds and indigenous chickens to AIV in Nigeria. Scavenging activities common among indigenously raised chickens, unrestricted movement of nonflying wild birds within the captive complex and free access by migrating wild birds to captive wild birds and local chickens were likely factors observed to promote AIV transmission. Continuous surveillance can further highlight the roles played by these birds in the epidemiology of AIV