Browsing by Author "Oloyede, H.O.B"
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Item Antidiabetic Activity of Bioactive-Rich Fractions of Ficus exasperata vahl Leaf in Fructose and Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats(University of Ilorin, 2020) Soji-Omoniwa, O; Oloyede, H.O.BThe antidiabetic activity of Ficus exasperata Vahl leaf (FEL) has been previously reported but data on the metabolites responsible for this effect has not been established. The aim of this study was to conduct bioactivity-guided fractionation of FEL and identify the antidiabetic principles in fructose and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Aqueous, butanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane solvents extracts of FEL were used to treat diabetic rats in phase one of the study. The most potent crude solvent extract in phase 1 was then subjected to column chromatography in phase two which gave five different fractions which were further evaluated for efficacy in diabetic rats. In each phase, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum lipid profile concentrations were analyzed. Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the most active fraction was subsequently carried out. FBG, serum cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein concentrations of extracts and fractions-treated rats reduced significantly (p<0.05) while high density lipoprotein concentration increased significantly (p<0.05). GC-MS analysis showed that thymol, phytol acetate and eugenol were present predominantly in the butanol extract. In conclusion, the result revealed that butanol extracts of Ficus exasperata vahl leaf elicited antihyperglycaemic and antidyslipidaemic activities. The predominant constituents of butanol extract are known compounds with reported antioxidant activity, which might be one of the ways by which the plant extract elicits its antidiabetic effect.Item Biochemical and morphological alterations caused by silver nanoparticles in wistar rats(Published by Elsevier. Journal of Acute Medicine, 2015-09-02) Sulaiman, F.A; Adeyemi, O.S; Akanji, M.A; Oloyede, H.O.B; Sulaiman, A.A; Olatunde, A; Hoseni, A.A; Olowolafe, Y.V; Nlebedim, R.N; Muritala, H; Nafiu, M.O; Salawu, M.OObjective: This study evaluated the biochemical effect of the oral administration of silver nanoparticles on some biochemical parameters and tissue morphology. Methods: Wistar rats of both sexes with an average weight of 160 ± 5 g were randomly assigned into four groups. Animals in Group 1 served as the control and received 0.5 mL of distilled water (drug vehicle). Those in Groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered with 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight silver nanoparticles, respectively. The animals were sacrificed under slight anesthesia 24 hours after the last treatment. Results: Silver nanoparticle exposure in rats elevated the level of rat serum total cholesterol, triacylglyceride, free glycerol, low density lipoproteincholesterol, and bilirubin ( p < 0.05) when compared with the control. The level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was depleted by nanoparticle exposure, whereas the atherogenic index rose. The levels of albumin, urea, creatinine, as well as activities of aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were decreased by the nanoparticles, whereas the total protein and alanine transaminase were inconsistently altered relative to the control. Furthermore, the nanoparticle treatment caused morphological lesions in rat cardiac, renal, and hepatic tissues relative to the control. Conclusion: We show evidence that silver nanoparticle potentiated biochemical changes predisposing to liver injury and cardiovascular disorder in rat.Item Brassica oleracea (cabbage)-based diet ameliorates high fat diet-induced hyperlipidaemia in rats(Library and Publication Committee, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, 2014-01) Oloyede, H.O.B; Aina, G.O; Salawu, M.O; Ajiboye, T.O; Oladiji, A.T; Yakubu, M.T; Nafiu, M.OItem CHANGES IN SELECTED HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WISTAR RATS FED WITH FICUS EXASPERATAVAHL LEAF-BASED DIET(University of Ilorin, 2020) Soji-Omoniwa, O; Oloyede, H.O.BIn recent years, there has been increase in the use of non-culinary herbs in food products. This technology of incorporating medicinal or non-culinary herbs into diet offers great promise for the management of diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of FicusexasperataVahl leaf-based diet (FELD) on selected haematological parameters of albino rats. Twenty-four rats were randomly selected into 4 groups of 6 animals each namely: C [control rats fed diet without Ficusexasperataleaf (FEL)], F1, F2, and F3 [experimental groups fed diets containing 10 %, 30 % and 50 % FEL respectively]. Rats were allowed access to the compounded feed ad libitum for7 and 21 days. They were thereafter sacrificed and their blood samples collected and analysed using automated haematologic analyser. Results showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in packed cell volume (PCV) and mean cell volume (MCV) after 7 days of consuming FELD while there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in haemoglobin (HGB), PCV and MCV after 21 days of consuming FELD. The leucocytic parameters showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in white blood cell (WBC) of rats fed with FELD at all the levels of FEL inclusion compared to control group at the end of day 7 while platelets were significantly reduced at the end of 21 days of consuming FELD. Findings from this study revealed that FELD elicited some level of toxicity as revealed by the observed alterations in the haematological parameters studied.It should therefore be consumed with caution.Item Effect of Ficus exasperata Leaf-Based Diet on Antioxidant Parameters of Type 2 diabetic Rats(Faculty of Physical Sciences and Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria., 2016) Soji-Omoniwa, O; Oloyede, H.O.BThe effect of Ficus exasperata leaf-based diet on antioxidant parameters of type 2 diabetic rats was investigated in this study. Forty-eight (48) male albino rats were randomly selected into 8 groups, namely A to H. Various proportion (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) of Ficus exasperata powerdered leaf was incorporated into locally sourced ingredients and formulated into feed. The feed was administered ad libitum to animals in group D to H, after induction of diabetes using 10% fructose solution ad libitum and 40 mg/kg b.wt. streptozotocin injected intraperitoneally. Group A (positive control), B (negative control) and C (metformin-treated group) received feed without F. exasperata leaf. Biochemical parameters studied are; Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Reduced glutathione and Malondialdehyde (MDA). Data analysis was done with SPSS version 16.0 and level of significance set at p<0.05. Results showed alteration in the endogenous antioxidant parameters of diabetic animals when compared to the positive control. Treatment of the experimental animals with test diets resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione level when compared to the negative control and no significant difference (p>0.05) compared to the positive control group. MDA concentration was significantly reduced (p<0.05) for all the treatment groups as well, compared to the negative control. In conclusion, Feeding of Ficus exasperata leaf-based diet to Type 2 diabetic rats for 16 days ameliorated the alteration in the endogenous antioxidant parameters studied. There was no significant difference in the ameliorative effect of the various proportion of the Ficus exasperata leaf in the feed.Item Improvement of Oral Glucose Tolerance and Total Lipid Profile of Diabetic Rats Treated with Ficus exasperata Leaf-Based Diet(Faculty of Physical and Life Sciences, Covenant University, Nigeria., 2019-06) Soji-Omoniwa, O.; Oloyede, H.O.BThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ficus exasperata leaf-based diet (FELD) on oral glucose tolerance and total lipid profile of type 2 diabetic rats. Forty-eight wistar rats were randomly selected into 8 groups of 6 animals each. All experimental animals apart from the positive control group were administered with 10 % fructose solution ad libitum for 2 weeks, while those in the negative control group received distilled water. The remaining groups were diabetic rats treated with 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % FELD for 16 days. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) were assayed for. Result of OGTT before commencement of treatment showed significant increase (p < 0.05) in the blood glucose concentration after 30 mins of oral glucose load which was not restored back to the basal level after 2 hours. OGTT result by the 13th day of treatment showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in glucose concentration of FELD-treated diabetic rats 2 hours after glucose load. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in HDL concentration of FELD-treated diabetic rats. In conclusion, incorporation of 30, 40 and 50 % F. exasperata leaf into diet and consumed for 16 days improved glucose tolerance and total lipid profile of diabetic rats.Item Laboratory manual for practical Biochemistry(Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, University of Ilorin, 2015-07) Akanji, M.A; Oloyede, H.O.B; Bewaji, C.O; Balogun, E.A; Malomo, S, O; Oladiji, A.T; Yakubu, M.T; Adebayo, J.O; Arise, R.O; Sulaiman, F.A; Igunnu, A; Nafiu, M.O; Salawu, M.O; Quadri, A.L; Oyegoke, R.A; Muritala, H.F; Abubakar, F.A; Modupe Olusegun; Soji-Omoniwa; Bello, O.K; Omar, SikemiPREFACE I am glad to present this edition of Laboratory Manual For Practical Biochemistry on behalf of the academic staff members of the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences,University of llorin,Ilorin, Nigeria. In August 2014, when I assumed the headship of the Department of Biochemistry,the need for increased emphasis on practical aspects of Biochemistry in all areas necessitated the design of Laboratory Manual for undergraduate curriculum. The aim is to produce a 'text guide'that provides students basic appreciation of the underlying principles and practical strategies of the analytical and preparative techniques that are fundamental to the study and understanding of Biochemistry.Adequate attention has been given to those techniques that students often encounter in their practical classes. The content of this text were written in such a way that even the average students can read and understand. Regarding the organization, the book consists of seven(7)sections. Section One deals with Basic Laboratory Ethics,presenting an overview of the departmental policy. laboratory ethies and instructions about results recording and presentation. Section Two is divided into Practicals 1, 2 and 3 covering handling of experimental animals and preparation of solutions with exercises to assess students'understanding. Section Three presents Practical 4 which dwells on amino acids and proteins, highlighting their specific reactions and tests:Practical 5 is on absorption spectra of pure substances.and estimation of urinary creatinine. Practical 6 describes tests for precipitation of proteins by heating,organic acids, mineral acids, ethunol and salts of heavy metals while Practical 7 dwells on isolation, puritication and identification of amino acids and proteins employing puper chromatography,gel filtration chromatogruphy and iscelectric point determination. Section Four is on enzymes and it is divided into Pructicals 8.9.10 and 11 with experiments ranging from pH effects-on enzyme activity to specific reactivity for the recognition of some enzymes.Section Five hus two Practicals (12 and 13) on vitamins. Section Six is divided into Practicals14.15.16.17and 18 covering carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolisi presenting tests for glucose, Inctic acid, pyruvic acid and estimation of RNA while Section Seven is on lipid metabolism and is subsectioned into Pructicals 19.20,21,22. 23 and 24.covering solubility and qualitative tests on lipids. TLC.reactions of bile acids and pigments,determinution of ketone bodies and cholesteroIin serum. On behalf of academic staff members of the Department of Biochemistry,I wish to appreciate the support and approval for the publication and production of this text by the Vice-Chancellor,Prof.Abdulganiyu Ambali,OON.The efforts of all academic and technical Staff of the Department of Biochemistry is also acknowledged. Dr. R. O. Arise Ag.Head.Department of Biochemistry. University of llorin.llorin. July.2015 08052261156Item Lipid and Antioxidant Profile of Chitosan Bound Ethylacetate Fractions of Cocos nucifera Husk Fiber in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice(NISEB Journal, 2019) Sulaiman, A. Faoziyat; Oloyede, H.O.B; Akanji, M.A; Abdulraheem, A.M.O; Akolade, Jubril Olayinka; O., Garuba Taofeeq; Onaeko, Elizabeth Tosin; Aliyu, Najeeb Olamilekan; Balogun, Olalekan BashirMalaria is a parasitic disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. About 500 million cases of malaria occur every year, and one million people, mostly children living in sub-Saharan Africa, die as a result. This study was conducted to determine the lipid and antioxidant status of chitosan bound ethylacetate fraction of cocos nucifera husk fiber in p. berghei infected mice. Swiss albino mice were innoculated with Plasmodium berghei. The forty five mice were randomly assigned into nine groups, of 5 mice each. Administration of the Therapeutic Dose (TD) (80mg/kg) and Sub Therapeutic Dose (STD) (20mg/kg) (gotten from preliminary studies) of ethylacetate extract fraction of Cocos nucifera husk fibre coupled with chitosan and chitosan/alginate was done orally for four days post-inoculation and 0.2ml of the extract was administered. Group A served as positive control (not infected), Group B received appropriate volume of distilled water, Group C received 5mg/kg. Chloroquine (infected), Group D received80mg/kg of extract (therapeutic dose), Group E received20mg/kg of extract ( sub-therapeutic dose, infected), Group F received80mg/kg of extract + Chitosan + infected, Group G received20mg/kg of extract + Chitosan + infected, Group H received80mg/kg of extract + Chitosan/ Alginate + infected, Group I received20mg/kg of extract + Chitosan/Alginate + infected. At the end of the experimental period, selected tissues was collected, isolated and homogenized. Antioxidant (MDA, GSH and GST) and lipid profile activities (Cholesterol, HDL and LDL) were determined. The results reveal that, there was a significantly decreased in the level of the non-treated groups as compared to other treated groups and control in cholesterol, HDL and LDL level while there was significant increase in triacylglyeride level in non – treated groups compared to other test groups and control after the administered ethylacetate fraction of cocos nucifera bound to chitosan microparticles. In present study reduced glutathione (GSH), GST and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased significantly compared to test groups and control. These results suggest that ethylacetate fraction of Cocos nucifera husk fibre bound to chitosan microparticles may boost body’s antioxidant systems, which neutralizes the effects of free radicals and also able to reverse the change in serum lipid profile caused by malaria infection.Item Moringa oleifera seed powder prevents untreated Asa river water-induced oxidative stress in rats(Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology., 2016) Oloyede, H.O.B; Bamgbade, A.A; Salawu, M.O; Nafiu, M.O; Ajiboye, T.O; Adegoke, M.BItem Selected liver and kidney function indices of Wistar rats fed with Ficus exasperata Vahl leaf-based diet(Nigerian Society of experimental Biology, 2021-03-31) Soji-Omoniwa, O.; Oloyede, H.O.BIn a previous study, treatment of diabetes mellitus with Ficus exasperata leaf-based diet (FELD) significantly reduced the level of blood glucose and improved glucose utilization in diabetic rats. It is therefore important to ascertain safety of consumption of FELD in healthy rats. Twenty-four rats were randomly selected into 4 groups of 6 animals each namely: C [control rats fed diet without Ficus exasperata leaf (FEL)], F1, F2, and F3 [experimental groups fed diets containing 10 %, 30 % and 50 % FEL respectively]. Rats were allowed access to the compounded feed ad libitum for 7, 14 and 21 days. They were sacrificed at the end of the experiment and serum collected for biochemical assays. Total protein, albumin, globulin, bilirubin (total and conjugated), urea, creatinine, electrolytes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), liver and kidney histopathology were evaluated. Results showed no significant difference (p<0.05) in albumin, globulin, bilirubin, electrolytes, ALP, AST and ALT of rats fed with test diets compared to control. Also, there were no changes in the liver and kidney histoarchitecture of rats fed with different proportions of FELD compared to control. The increased urea and creatinine concentrations of rats fed with 30 and 50 % FELD at the end of days 7 and 14 reversed to normal at the end of day 21 of the study. Therefore, results of this study suggest that consumption of 10, 30 and 50 % Ficus exasperata leaf-based diet for 21 days did not impair the selected liver and kidney functions indices of the treated rats.