Browsing by Author "Olorukooba Halima Omolara"

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    Antihypertensive Potential of Azadirachta indica Methanolic Leaf Extract in Salt-induced Hypertensive Rat Model
    (The Journal of Anatomical Sciences, 2025) Abubakar Z., Lawal; Munirudeen Ibrahim; Omotayo Divine Oluseyi; Salaudeen Fatai Olalekan; Saheed Olanrewaju Saka; Kareem Mutiat Aina; Olorukooba Halima Omolara
    Hypertension is a condition arising from persistently elevated blood pressure, leading to severe complications, including death. Factors such as high salt consumption and family history predispose individuals to hypertension. Azadirachta indica (AI) has shown potential in reducing high blood pressure, irregular heart rhythms, and abnormal heartbeats. This study aimed to assess the antihypertensive effect of Azadirachta indica methanolic leaf extract (AIMLE) on salt-induced hypertension in albino rats. The study involved 25 healthy male albino rats (150 - 250g), divided into five groups (A-E, n=5). Group A received normal salt feed and water (vehicle), group B received high-salt feed (HSF), group C received HSF and 500 mg/kg AIMLE, group D received HSF and 1000 mg/kg AIMLE, and group E received HSF and 10 mg/kg Nifedipine. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were measured using the tail cuff method. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) levels were analyzed using ELISA methods. Nitric Oxide, Potassium, Bicarbonate, and Sodium were assayed using the colorimetric method. Administration of HSF caused a significant (p <0.05) progressive increase in SBP and DBP after 8 weeks when compared with the normal control. However, treatment with the serial doses of AIMLE resulted in a significant (p <0.05) dose dependent decrease in SBP, DBP and serum nitric oxide concentrations as well as decrease in serum levels of ACE, ADH, potassium, bicarbonate, and sodium ions when compared with untreated HSF group, after 8 weeks. These findings suggest that Azadirachta indica leaf extract may offer a natural remedy for managing hypertension. Keywords: Azadirachta indica, ADH, Salt induced hypertension, Antidiuretic, ACE
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    Antihypertensive Potential of Azadirachta indica Methanolic Leaf Extract in Salt-induced Hypertensive Rat Model
    (Anatomical Society of Nigeria, 2025-02-09) Lawal Abubakar Zubair; Ibrahim Munirudeen; Oluseyi Omotayo Divine; Olalekan Salaudeen Fatai; Saka Saheed Olanrewaju; Aina Kareem Mutiat; Olorukooba Halima Omolara; Oludele Oriire; Abdulraheem Hamzat; David Kehinde Busuyi; Folorunso Kolade Pelumi Idunnuoluwa; Jimoh-Abdulghaffaar Hidaayah Oluwamayowa
    Hypertension is a condition arising from persistently elevated blood pressure, leading to severe complications, including death. Factors such as high salt consumption and family history predispose individuals to hypertension. Azadirachta indica (AI) has shown potential in reducing high blood pressure, irregular heart rhythms, and abnormal heartbeats. This study aimed to assess the antihypertensive effect of Azadirachta indica methanolic leaf extract (AIMLE) on salt-induced hypertension in albino rats. The study involved 25 healthy male albino rats (150 - 250g), divided into five groups (A-E, n=5). Group A received normal salt feed and water (vehicle), group B received high-salt feed (HSF), group C received HSF and 500 mg/kg AIMLE, group D received HSF and 1000 mg/kg AIMLE, and group E received HSF and 10 mg/kg Nifedipine. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were measured using the tail cuff method. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) levels were analyzed using ELISA methods. Nitric Oxide, Potassium, Bicarbonate, and Sodium were assayed using the colorimetric method. Administration of HSF caused a significant (p <0.05) progressive increase in SBP and DBP after 8 weeks when compared with the normal control. However, treatment with the serial doses of AIMLE resulted in a significant (p <0.05) dose dependent decrease in SBP, DBP and serum nitric oxide concentrations as well as decrease in serum levels of ACE, ADH, potassium, bicarbonate, and sodium ions when compared with untreated HSF group, after 8 weeks. These findings suggest that Azadirachta indica leaf extract may offer a natural remedy for managing hypertension.
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    Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Partition Fractions of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Vernonia amygdalina
    (Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2024-12) Njinga Ngaitad Stanislaus; Egharevba Godshelp Osas; David Susan Mosebolatan; Mbakop Carline; Abdulazeez Iyabode Fatima; Olorukooba Halima Omolara; Olayiwola Olabisi Oreoluwa; Salawu Muritala Kayode; Shittu Abiodun Olatunji
    The calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa and the leaf of Vernonia amygdalina are plant parts which are widely consumed in Nigeria. These plant parts are known for their numerous medicinal uses which is a function of the phytochemicals present in them. This study was undertaken to investigate and compare the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of the petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol fractions of the calyx of H. sabdariffa and the leaf of V. amygdalina to ascertain their medicinal values. Phytochemical studies were done using standard methods such as Fehling’s test, alkaline reagent test, Keller-Kiliani test and spectrophotometric techniques. The antioxidant activities were carried out through DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging effects. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Vernonia amygdalina revealed the presence of varying amounts of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, phenols and flavonoids. The petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of Vernonia amygdalina contained alkaloids while only the chloroform fraction of Hibiscus sabdariffa contained alkaloids. The difference in alkaloidal content of the chloroform fractions of both plant extracts was not statistically significant at P<0.05. The methanol fraction of both plants contained saponins with Vernonia amygdalina showing a higher percent of saponin compared to that of Hibiscus sabdarriffa although the difference was not statistically significant at P<0.05. Vernonia amygdalina contained more flavonoids in all fractions than Hibiscus sabdariffa. The difference in concentration of flavonoids between the fractions of both plant was statically significant at P<0.05. The phenolic content of the petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol fractions of H. sabdariffa were higher than that of V. amygdalina but the difference was not statistically significant at P<0.005 while the phenolic content of the ethyl acetate and acetone fractions of Vernonia amygdalina were statistically higher than that of Hibiscus sabdariffa. Amongst all the fractions, the methanolic fraction of Hibiscus sabdariffa showed the highest antioxidant activity of 90.57 % at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml. The activity decreased with an increase in the concentration.The result of the phytochemistry and antioxidant activity of the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa and the leaf of Vernonia amygdalina ascertained; the medicinal values of these plants, the folkloric claims and their wide consumption.