Browsing by Author "Olayinka, B.U."

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    Alleviation of Drought Stress in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) Using Organic Mulch
    (NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2022) Isiaka, Kareem; Ilerioluwa, O.I.; Yusuf, S.Y.; Lawal, Mujidat Temidayo; Abdulkareem, K.A.; Olayinka, B.U.
    Despite the importance of tomato in human nutrition, occurrence of drought stress constitutes a major bane to its bountiful production. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of organic mulch in improving growth, yield and quality of water stressed tomato. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The six treatments used in the experiment were normal irrigation with zero mulch, drought stress with zero mulch and drought stress with mulch at the rates of 10tons/ha, 15tons/ha, 20tons/ha and 25tons/ha. The organic mulch material used was maize husk and the tomato variety tested was Platinum 107 F1. Water deficit treatment was imposed at flowering stage (five weeks after transplanting (5WAT)) by applying 50% field capacity as irrigation water. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, number of flowers per plant and mass of fruit yield per plant. Furthermore, leaf proximate compositions (crude fat, crude protein, crude fibre, ash content and dry matter) and leaf chlorophyll content were determined. All the data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. Results from this research work showed that stressed plants without mulch application had a drastic reduction in all the measured parameters. The plants subjected to drought and treated with 20tons/ha mulch showed higher plant height, number of branches and yield as well as chlorophyll, fiber and ash content compared to the plants treated with 10tons/ha, 15tons/ha and 25t/ha mulch. It is, therefore, concluded that 20tons/ha mulch be used for alleviating drought stress condition in Platinum 107 F1 tomato variety in the study area when all the conditions in this research are maintained.
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    Effects of Sodium Azide and Nitrous Acid on the Morphology and Leaf Anatomy of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae)
    (The Society for the Conservation of Phytofuels and Sciences, Nigeria., 2013-09) AbdulRahaman, A.A.; Afolabi, A.A.; Olayinka, B.U.; Mustapha, O.T.; Abdulkareem, K.A.; Oladele, F.A.
    Morphological and anatomical effects of two chemomutagens namely sodium azide and nitrous acid were studied on Jatropha curcas. Seeds were soaked in the two mutagens at various concentrations (1mM, 2mM, 3mM and 4mM) for 4 hours and later rinsed in the distilled water to remove excess mutagens. The seeds were later air dried and planted in plastic pots for observations for 12 weeks. Results shown increase in the seedling height, number of leaves, high frequency of paracytic stomata, higher stomatal index and density on the abaxial leaf surface and large stomata in seedlings induced with sodium azide (1mMNaN3 and 2mMNaN3). Also nitrous acid along with the sodium azide enhanced higher stomatal index and density, and large stomata. The effects of sodium azide especially 1mMNaN3 and 2mMNaN3 induced beneficial traits in morphology and anatomy of J. curcas than nitrous acid.
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    INFLUENCE OF SEED PRIMING ON YIELD, MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER-DEFICIT STRESSED LOWLAND RICE
    (Annals of West University of Timişoara, ser. Biology,, 2021) Kareem, Isiaka; Ismail, M.R.; Puteh, A.B.; Kareem, S.A.; Lawal, O.I.; Adekola, O.F.; Abdulkareem, K.A.; Olayinka, B.U.; Abdulaziz, Ayinla; Ahmed, Oladimeji; Baba, H.S.; Kuranga, H.A.; Lawal, Q.O.; Musa, A.I.; Yusuf, Sa'adat Yetunde; Lawal, Mujidat Temidayo; Oyelade, Y.O.
    One of the potential ways of increasing rice production to cater for ever increasing population of Malaysia is to extend the production area of lowland rice through its production as upland rice. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effects of seed priming in alleviating water deficit stress in lowland rice produced as upland rice. The treatments used were 100mM calcium chloride dihydrate for duration of 48hours and temperature of 25oC, 40% w/v polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 for a duration of 48hours and temperature of 25oC, 100ppm kinetin for a duration of 24hours and temperature of 4oC, 200ppm methyl jasmonate for a duration of 24hours and temperature of 4oC, stressed control (unprimed seeds) and the unstressed control (unprimed seeds with adequate irrigation). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on classical growth parameters, germination pattern, gas exchange characteristics, yield and yield components. It was found that priming MR219 rice with PEG could enable the variety to be produced as upland rice with little yield reduction because PEG priming was the best in individual seed mass, final yield, harvest index and water use efficiency. It is, therefore, concluded that 48hours of priming with 40%w/v polyethylene glycol at 25oC be used for MR219 rice seeds whenever MR219 rice variety is to be cultivated as upland rice.
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    Molecular Characterisation of Some Accessions of Corchorus olitorius l.
    (Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, 2019-12) Abdulkareem, K.A; Sidiq, K.A; Olayinka, B.U.; Lateef, A.A.; Garuba, T.; Olahan, G.S.; Adeyemi, S.B.; Sagaya, A.; Tiamiyu, B.B.; Abdulrahman, A.A.
    Nigeria has several native leafy vegetables that have been neglected. Corchorus olitorius belongs to this group. Genetic diversity was studied in five accessions of the plant using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS - PAGE). The aim was to determine the relationship (differences and similarities) among them. Sixteen polypeptide bands were obtained ranging from 12.29 KDa to 170 KDa indicating variations in the banding patterns of the accessions. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic algorithm (UPGMA) dendrogram grouped the five accessions into three clusters with four groups showing 60% of the accessions in one group. The greatest similarity (96%) observed was between NGB00196 and NGB00194 while the lowest similarities (32%) NGB00191 and (40%) NGB00187. Adopting this technology can be useful in plant variety identification and registration of new plant varieties. NGB00191 was observed to be distantly related to the other accessions hence could be combined in a breeding programme.
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    Molecular characterization of potential crop pathogens associated with weeds as endophytes in Unilorin plantations, Nigeria.
    (College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Jadriah, Baghdad, Iraq., 2022-05-20) Lateef, A.A.; Garuba, T.; Abdulkareem, K.A.; Olayinka, B.U.; Olahan, G.S.; Adeyemi, S.B.; AbdulRahaman, A.A.
    Crop diseases are usually caused by inoculum of pathogens which might exist on alternate hosts or weeds as endophytes. These endophytes, cum pathogens, usually confer some beneficial attributes to these weeds or alternate hosts from protection against herbivores, disease resistance, stress tolerance to secondary metabolites production. This study was therefore carried out to isolate potential crop pathogens which exist as endophytes on weed species in the University of Ilorin plantations. Green asymptomaticleaves were collected from 10 weed species across the plantations, and processed for their endophytic fungi isolation. Isolates were purified into pure cultures and used for molecular identification using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the fungal sequences using MEGA software revealed 9 fungal genera belonging to 13 species, with species in the genera Curvularia, Epicoccumand Daldiniaoccurring in more than one weed species, while other genera such as Alternaria, Fusarium, Chaetomium, Macrophomina, Arthriniumand Phomopsisoccurred in just one weed species each. Daldinia eschscholtziiwas isolated in this study as an endophyte from Loudetia arundinaceafor the first time. This plant is very abundant in Nigeria and Africa where it is used majorly for thatching and feeding livestocks. This also represents the first endophytic fungi from the genus Loudetia. Potential relationship between the occurrences of these fungi as endophytes and as pathogens are discussed. These discoveries represent the first large-scale molecular identification and several first reports of endophytes from these weed species. These results also represent the first records of some of these fungi in Nigeria.