Browsing by Author "Olatunji, L.A."

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Antimalarial Activity of Cocos nucifera Husk fibre: Further Studies
    (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2013) Adebayo, J.O.; Balogun, E.A.; Malomo, S.O.; Soladoye, A.O; Olatunji, L.A.; Kolawole, O.M.; Oguntoye, O.S.; Babatunde, A.S.; Akinola, O.B.; Aguiar, A.C.C; Andrade, I.M.; Souza, N.B.; Krettli, A.U.
    Abstract In this study, the antimalarial and toxicity potentials of husk fibre extracts of five Nigerian varieties of Cocos nucifera were evaluated in vitro. The only active extract fraction, West African Tall (WAT) ethyl acetate extract fraction, was then evaluated for its phytochemical constituents, antimalarial and toxicity potentials at varying doses (31.25–500 mg/kg body weight) using various organ function indices. The results revealed that WAT ethyl acetate extract fraction (WATEAEF) contained alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids and was active against Plasmodium falciparum W2 strain maintained in continuous culture, with a selectivity index of 30.3. The same extract fraction was active in vivo against Plasmodium berghei NK65, causing more than 50% reduction in parasitaemia on days 4 and 6 after inoculation at various doses administered. WATEAEF did not significantly alter ( ) function indices of the liver and cardiovascular system at all doses administered but significantly increased ( ) plasma creatinine concentration at 250 and 500 mg/Kg body weight compared to controls. The results of this study suggest that WATEAEF possesses antimalarial activity and may not adversely affect normal liver function nor predispose subjects to cardiovascular diseases but may impair normal kidney function at higher doses. Further studies are underway to isolate the active principles.
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    Combined oral contraceptive-induced hypertension is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction and upregulated intrarenal angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene expression
    (Springer, 2016) Olatunji, L.A.; Seok, Y.; Igunnu, Adedoyin; Kang, S.; Kim, I.
    Combined oral contraceptive (COC) use is associated with increased risk of developing hypertension. Activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and endothelial dysfunction play an important role in the development of hypertension.We tested the hypothesis that COC causes hypertension that is associated with endothelial dysfunction and upregulation of intrarenal angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (Ace1) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (At1r). Female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 12 weeks received (p.o.) olive oil (control) and a combination of 0.1 μg ethinyl estradiol and 1.0 μg norgestrel (low COC) or 1.0μg ethinyl estradiol and 10.0 μg norgestrel (high COC) daily for 6 weeks. Blood pressure was recorded by tail cuff plethysmography. Expression of genes in kidney cortex was determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. COC treatment led to increased blood pressure, circulating uric acid, C-reactive protein and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, renal uric acid, and expression of renal Ace1 and At1r. COC treatment resulted in increased contractile responses to phenylephrine in endothelium-denuded aortic rings. Endothelium-dependent relaxation responses to acetylcholine, but not endothelium independent relaxation responses to nitric oxide (NO) donation by sodium nitroprusside, were attenuated in COC-exposed rings. Impaired relaxation responses to acetylcholine were masked by the presence of NO synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) in the COC-exposed rings, whereas the responses to acetylcholine in the presence of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (NS-398) were enhanced. These findings indicate that COC induces hypertension that is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction, upregulated intrarenal Ace1 and At1r expression, and elevated proinflammatory biomarkers.
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    Evaluation of Antimalarial and Toxicity Potentials of Methanolic fraction of cocos nucifera (West African Tall variety) husk fibre extract in animal models
    (Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria, 2013-03) Ugbomoiko, U.S.; Awoniyi, M.A.; Balogun, E.A.; Malomo, S.O.; Soladoye, A.O.; Adebayo, J.O.; Kolawole, O.M.; Oguntoye, O.S.; Olatunji, L.A.; Babatunde, A.S.; Akinola, O.B.
    The antimalarial and toxicity potentials of the methanolic fraction of Cocos nucifera (West African tall variety) husk fibre extract were investigated using animal models. For the 4-day suppressive antimalarial test, thirty Plasmodium berghei NK65-infected mice were randomly divided into six groups (A-F) with five mice each. Mice in group A (control) received orally appropriate volume of distilled water while those in group B were orally administered chloroquine (20 mg/Kg body weight) for three days post-inoculation. Mice in groups C-F were orally administered 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/Kg body weight of the extract fraction for three days post-inoculation. For toxicological studies, twenty albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (G-J) with five rats each. Rats in group G (control) were orally administered appropriate volume of distilled water while those in groups H-J were orally administered 25, 50 and 100 mg/Kg body weight of the extract fraction respectively for fourteen days. At the end of the experimental period, venous blood was collected and selected tissues isolated and homogenized. The full blood count and activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase in the tissues were determined. The results revealed that the methanolic fraction of C. nucifera (West African Tall variety) husk fibre extract does not possess any antimalarial activity. The extract, at all doses administered, had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the red blood cell indices, white blood cell indices and the activities of all the enzymes in the liver, kidney, heart and brain compared to controls. The results thus suggest that the methanolic fraction of the husk fibre extract may not be responsible for the acclaimed antimalarial action of C. nucifera (West African Tall variety) husk fibre, though it may not aggravate the severity of the disease.
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    Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 averts Free Fatty acids deposition in the hearts of oral estrogen-progestin contraceptive-induced hyperinsulinemic female rats.
    (Canadian Science Publishing., 2021) Adegoke, T.E.; Sabinari, I.W.; Areola, E.D.; Ajao, F.O.; Asafa, O.O.; Soluoku, T.K.; Bello, A.; Adesanmi, A.M.; Yusuf, S.O.; Omoleye, A.O.; Ayinla M.T; Olatunji, L.A.
    Free fatty acid (FFA) deposition in non-adipose tissues such as the heart is a characteristic of insulin resistant states which feature hyperinsulinemia and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activation. Estrogen–progestin oral contraceptives (OC) treatment reportedly increased DPP-4 activity in rat tissue, and DPP-4 inhibitors have anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on cardiac FFA deposition in estrogen–progestin-treated female rats. From our data, estrogen–progestin OC exposure in female rats led to elevated plasma insulin, cardiac DPP-4 activity, FFA and triglyceride (TG) accumulation, TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, adenosine deaminase/xanthine oxidase/uric acid pathway (ADA/XO/UA), lipid peroxidation, glycogen synthase activity, and alanine phosphatase; whereas cardiac glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Na+/K+-ATPase and nitric oxide (NO) were decreased. However, DPP-4 inhibition resulted in decreased plasma insulin, cardiac DPP-4 activity, FFA, TG, TG/HDL-C ratio, and alkaline phosphatase. These were accompanied by reduced ADA/XO/UA pathway, lipid peroxidation, and augmented NO and Na+/K+-ATPase in estrogen–progestin OC-treated rats. DPP-4 inhibition attenuated cardiac lipid deposition accompanied by reduced activity in the ADA/XO/UA pathway in estrogen–progestin OC-treated female rats. DPP-4 is therefore a plausible therapeutic target in cardiometabolic disorders.
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    Leaf extract of Morinda lucida improves pancreatic beta-cell function in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
    (Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group., 2019-09) Abdulkareem, A.O.; Igunnu, Adedoyin; Alad, A.A.; Olatunji, L.A.
    Chemotherapy remains the utmost treatment for Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. This however, predisposes the patients to a wide range of serious complications, thus, the need for alternative therapeutic agents that target pancreatic β-cell function. This study investigated the effects of aqueous leaf extract of M. lucida (MLE) on β-cell dysfunction and atherogenic dyslipidaemia in alloxan-induced T1D in rats. Twenty-five Wister rats (156- 168g) were randomly divided into normal, diabetic, diabetic + glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), diabetic + 120 mg/kg MLE and diabetic + 240 mg/kg MLE groups (n = 5/ group). Treatments were via oral route for 14 days. Our findings revealed that, 120 mg/kg MLE significantly reduced hyperglycaemia, improved insulinaemia as well as β-cell function, and attenuated weight loss in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The extract also attenuated (p<0.05) atherogenic dyslipidaemia and malondialdehyde. The activities of the extract compared favourably with glibenclamide. This study suggested that, hypoglycaemic and mitigating effects of aqueous leaf extract of M. lucida on atherogenic dyslipidaemia and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction were through reduction in lipid peroxidation. The extract may therefore represent an effective source of novel drugs against TID and cardiovascular diseases. Further study is recommended, to explore the extract’s mechanism of oxidative repair.
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    Triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 independently predict high pulse pressure in sickle cell trait and disease
    (Taylor & Francis, 2020) Olabode, O.P.; Akinlade, O.M.; Babatunde, A.S.; Abdulazeez, M.I.; Biliaminu, S.A.; Oyabambi, A.O.; Olatunji, V.A.; Soladoye, A.O.; Olatunji, L.A.
    ABSTRACT We hypothesised that TG/HDL-C ratio and PAI-1 would be associated with high pulse pressure (PP) in young adults with sickle cell trait (SCT) and sickle cell disease (SCD). We compared the clinical, biochemical, and cardiometabolic parameters among individuals with normal genotype (HbAA; n¼60), SCT (HbAS; n¼60), and SCD (HbSS; n¼60), all in steady state. Using multivariate linear regression analysis, high PP was positively related to TG/HDL-C ratio in SCT (b¼0.307; p¼.014) and PAI-1 (b¼0.499; p¼.001) in SCD. The curve of receiver operating characteristic also showed that TG/HDL-C ratio and PAI-1 are efficient predictors of high PP in SCT carriers and SCD patients, respectively. This study suggests that increased levels of TG/HDL-C ratio and PAI-1 may be salient risk factors that would promote the development of arterial stiffness and other CVD in SCT carriers and SCD patients.