Browsing by Author "Olahan, Ganiyu S."
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Item Aeropalynological Investigation of the University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria(University of Port Harcourt., 2015) AbdulRahaman, Abdullahi A.; Aruofor, Oritsetimeyin S.; Garuba, Taofeeq; Kolawole, Saheed O.; Olahan, Ganiyu S.Hay fever allergy could either be from pollen or fungi spores. Using the Hirst model of pollen trap, pollen buckets were constructed; with pollen trap solutions inside them, they were placed in specific locations in the University of Ilorin for four months (December 2012/January 2013 to March/April 2013). Using acetolysis reaction, pollens and spores were recovered from the trap solution and were analyzed and identified in the microscope. Pollen/spore were counted and compared with meteorological parameters i.e. rainfall, sunshine, wind speed, humidity, and temperature. It was observed that pollen/spore concentrations were influenced by these meteorological factors. Hence there is need for us to always determine the amount of these pollen/spore concentrations all year round as it will help to predict the vegetation of a given area as well as helping hay fever sufferers manage their allergies effectivelyItem Comparative Biodiversity Assessment of Weed Species in Monocropping Plantations of University of Ilorin, Nigeria(University of Ghana, 2020) Olayinka, Bolaji U.; Adeyemi, Sherif B; Abdulkareem, Khadijah A.; Olahan, Ganiyu S.; Lateef, Azeez A.; Garuba, Taofeeq; AbdulRahaman, A. A.The present study investigates the weed species diversity in four plantations of university of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria using quadrat method. The survey revealed two major life cycles (annual and perennial) and recorded a total of 88 weed species belonging to 32 families. Four species (Azadirachta indica, Daniellia oliveri, Desmodium tortuosum, and Tridax procumbens) were common in all the surveyed plantations while thefamily Fabaceae was the most dominant. The abundant weed species analysis showed a high importance value index and were more adapted to the plantations. Diversity analysis revealed high species richness in the sugarcane plantation. The non-canopy nature of the plantation, soil structure as well as ability to coexist with many other species may underscore the reasons for this pattern of diversity. The evenness and similarity indices between and across the plantations were generally low, thus, indicating varying diversity. As a result of the recorded variation in weed composition between and across the plantations, the study has provided an insight on the pattern of weed diversity in the studied plantations. The study recommended that the most abundant weed species populations be checked for the plantations to thrive. Finally, there is an urgent need to conserve weed species that are not only rare in abundance but also showed great social and economic valuesItem Effects of Fungal Filtrates on Seed Germination and Leaf Anatomy of Maize Seedlings (Zea mays L., Poaceae)(University of Port Harcourt, 2014) Garuba, Taofeeq; AbdulRahaman, Abdullahi A.; Olahan, Ganiyu S.; Abdulkareem, Khadihah A.; Amadi, Jude E.This study was carried out to investigate the effects of 7-day-old fungal filtrates of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from maize seeds on percentage germination, morphological and anatomical structures of maize seedlings. The seeds were soaked in culture filtrate of each fungus for 12hrs before planting. Blotter method was used to observe seed germination. Results showed that the percentage germination of the seeds treated with culture filtrates of A. niger and P. chrysogenum (65.33% and 79.67% respectively) was lower than the control (100%) and significantly different from each other at significant level of P ≥0.05. The leaf area showed significant difference between the experimental and control plants but there was no significant difference in the leaf number. The tetracytic stomatal complex type and wavy anticlinal walls remained constant in all the treatments and control. The stomatal index of seed treated with A. niger on abaxial leaf surface (43.61%) showed significant difference with adaxial leaf surface (31.97%). The treatments had no significant difference on stomatal density at abaxial surfaces. Reduction in stomatal size and density suggests physiological implication.Item Fungicidal effects of Ocimum gratissium and Vernonia amygdalina on fungi associated with rhizosphere and rhizoplane of Capsicum annuum L.(Society for the Conservation of Phytofuels and Sciences, 2014) Garuba, Taofeeq; Bello, Mariam O.; Olahan, Ganiyu S.; Abdulkareem, Khadijah A.This research work was carried out to test the antifungal effects of leaf extract of Ocimumgratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina on fungi associated with rhizoplane and rhizosphere of Capsicum annuum. Soil samples were collected from the rhizoplane and rhizosphere ofCapsicum annuum at Gerewu, Ilorin, Kwara State. The soil samples were analyzed using serial dilution and spread plate methods. The leaf extract of each of the test plant was prepared using ethanol as the extractant. The antifungal potential of leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina were tested on the isolated fungi using poisoned food method. From the rhizosphere, four fungi were isolated viz: Aspergillus niger, A. oryzae, Paecilomyces varioti and Saccharomyces cerevisae. Only Aspergillus niger, A. clavatus, and Paecilomyces varioti were isolated from the rhizoplane. Comparatively, the antifungal potential of Ocimum gratissimum in the inhibition of mycelial growth of the isolated fungi was observed to be higher than that of Vernonia amygdalina .Item Haematological, Serum Biochemical and Histopathological Changes in Acute and Sub-Chronic Aqueous Extract of Oyster Mushroom in Male Wistar Rats(Faculty of Sciences, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh., 2023) Garuba, Taofeeq; Olabanji, Islamiyat T.; Awogboro, Mariam O.; Olahan, Ganiyu S.; Atunwa, Soliu A.; Ahmed, Akeem O.; Aremu, Abdulfatai; Bolaji Mashhod; Adegboye, A. A.; Sabiu, SaheedThis study aimed at evaluating toxicological implications of aqueous P. ostreatus extract (POE) in male Wistar rats. POE was prepared in 1:10 (pulverized P. ostreatus : distilled water). In acute toxicity test, single oral dose of 2 mL/kg of POE was administered and observed for 28 days. The sub-chronic toxicity study was conducted by daily oral administration of graded doses (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mL/kg b.w) of the extract for 28 days. Clinical signs of toxicity, hematological, serum biochemical parameters and histopathological studies were subsequently evaluated. No treatment-related signs of toxicity or mortality in the animals were recorded in both toxicity tests. Rats administered with lowest dose of POE (25 mL/kg) had highest percentage weight gain. POE had no significant difference (P>0.05) on Red Blood Cell, White Blood Cell (WBC) and differential WBC, and serum biochemistry across all the treated groups when compared to the controls. The result of photomicrographs of stomach, spleen, heart, lung, kidney and liver showed a well outlined arrays of normal tissues in both acute and sub-chronic doses connoting that POE had no toxic effect on them. In view of these, POE may be concluded to be non-toxic within the tested doses and period of investigationItem MICROBIAL LOAD AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH SWEET PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) DURING STORAGE(Institute of Biology, Bucharest, 2022) Garuba, Taofeeq; Lawal. Babatunde Y.; Lateef, Azeez A.; Olahan, Ganiyu S.Peppers are perishable and characterized with a short shelf life. Poor storage methods contribute immensely to their deterioration, leading to a great postharvest loss. This study is therefore aimed at isolation and characterization of fungi causing spoilage in sweet pepper during storage. Some healthy samples of Capsicum annuum fruits were collected from Lasoju farm located in Asa LGA of Kwara State, Nigeria in sterile polyethylene bags and transported to the laboratory. The fruits were kept in the refrigerator, at ambient condition and in an evaporative cooling system. The fruits were observed for spoilage at the end of the second and third week after storage. The spoiled samples were sterilized, cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar, incubated at 25°C for 3–28 days. Thereafter, the different fungal colonies resulted were sub-cultured to obtain pure cultures of each of them. It was revealed that polythene bag as storage material for Capsicum annuum promoted increase in microbial load, while the pure fungal isolates were identified morphologically and molecularly as Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus and Rhizopus oryzae. Therefore, the fresh fruits need to be properly handled and stored in order to eliminate or minimize fungal contamination.Item Microorganisms associated with some selected leafy vegetables sold in some markets in Ilorin, Kwara State(Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Bayero University, Kano., 2014) Olahan, Ganiyu S.; Garuba, Taofeeq; Adeyemi, Sherif B.; Olahan, S. A.Microorganisms associated with some commonly consumed leafy vegetables in popular markets of Ilorin, kwara State were investigated. The leafy vegetables were Amaranthus hybridus, Brassica oleraceae and Telfairia occidentalis. Seven species of bacteria were isolated namely Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, streptococcus faecalis and Micrococcus luteus. Six species of fungi were equally isolated from some of the same leafy vegetables namely Aspergillus niger, A. Flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Neurospora sitophila, penicillium chrysogenum and Mucor racemosus. The isolates which are pathogenic might have arisen from conditions in the field and gardens where the leafy vegetables were grown, during transportation of the leafy vegetables to the market or as a result of the filthy environment in the markets where the leafy vegetables were obtained for this study. Therefore there is a great need for increased awareness on environmental hygiene in those fields and gardens and the market as well as sensitization of the farmers and traders on the need to adopt the modern technologies of transporting, storing and handling leafy vegetables.Item Proximate Composition and Chemical Profiles of Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum (Curt: Fr.) Karst)(Faculty of Sciences, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh., 2020) Garuba, Taofeeq; Olahan, Ganiyu S.; Lateef, Azeez A.; Alaya, Rhamat O.; Awolowo, Michael; Sulyman, A.Ganoderma lucidum is a mushroom commonly used in folk medicine especially Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) but information on its nutritional and chemical profiles remains insufficient. This work aimed at evaluating proximate composition and identification of bioactive compounds in ethanolic extract of G. lucidum. Pulverized G. lucidum was suspended in ethanol in 1:10 and extraction was carried out by rotary evaporation to produce G. lucidum extract (GLE). Proximate composition of the sample was analyzed. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out to identify different functional groups in GLE. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the bioactive compounds of the sample. Proximate analysis revealed that the amount of carbohydrate in sample was the highest (44.95%), followed by protein (15.75%). FTIR results showed that OH, C=O, C-OH, N-H 1* and 2* and alkyl halide are functional groups in GLE. A total of twelve (12) bioactive compounds were identified and the most prevailing compound in GLE was ethyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate (45.95%), followed by ethylhexadecanoate / ethyl palmitate (18.09%). Guaiacol (4.95%), octadecanoic acid (5.37%), ethylcyclohexane (3.31%) were also present. It can be inferred from this study that G. lucidum is nutritional and contains bioactive compounds that are useful in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.Item RHIZOSPHERE AND NON-RHIZOSPHERE SOIL MYCOFLORA OF CORCHORUS OLITORIUS (JUTE)(Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, 2016) Olahan, Ganiyu S.; Sule, Ismaila O.; Garuba, Taofeeq; Salawu, Yetunde A.The physicochemical and microbial analyses of the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of Corchorus olitorius (Jute) were conducted. The soil samples were analyzed before planting of Jute seeds and the average values of the parameters were 11.24% (percentage moisture content), 0.29ml/g (water holding capacity), 1.36% (organic matter content) and 6.80 (soil pH). The textural class of the soil sample is sandy. Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer occurred most followed by Aspergillus flavus, while Penicillium chrysogenum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Neurospora crazza occurred least in the rhizosphere and non –rhizosphere soil samples of Jute in this study. Occurrence of these fungi in both the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils varied widely throughout the duration of this study. It can be concluded that the jute plants benefitted from the microorganisms (fungi) in their rhizosphere and non – rhizosphere zones since the plants showed healthy growth