Browsing by Author "Olabode, H. O. K"
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Item Evaluation of Risks Factors Associated with Otitis Media in Children in Bauchi State – Nigeria(Journal of Life and Environmental Sciences, 2011) Bello, R. H; Agbo, E. B; Olabode, H. O. KRisk factors associated with Otitis Media in children were evaluated using a structured questionnaire amongst parents of patient-children attending ENT section of Specialist Hospital Bauchi. Out of the 400 respondents that ear swabs were collected from their children, 332 yielded microbial isolates and 68 no growth. The highest occurrence of infection was observed in male children below the ages of three years that suffered underlying infection such as common cold. These infections were mostly unilateral amongst children of breast and bottle feeding illiterate housewives using wood as source of domestic energy. This established relationship was significant between Age and sex, mode of feeding and type of energy generation processes (p<0.01). However, there was no statistically significant relationship between types of Otitis Media and sex, family history of Otitis Media and underlying infection, parental social, occupational and educational status, Age and forms of Otitis Media, sex and number of persons co-habiting in a room. This study confirms that Otitis Media is a highly multi-factorial disease associated with a number of environmental factors. Thus, routine check-up should be conducted in children at the onset of identified potential risk factors so as to avert the risk of permanent hearing loss, speech and language disabilities associated with Otitis Media. Lifestyles that minimize the risk of developing ear infection is hereby advocated such as encouraging breast feeding and bottle feeding of children in upright posture and avoidance of exposure to passive smoke.Item Molecular characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from pregnant women with Urinary Tract Infections attending Ante–natal Clinics in Ilorin metropolis(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research., 2021) Bello, R H; Ibrahim, Y. K . E; Olayinka, B. O; Jimoh, A. A. G; Afolabi-Balogun, N. B; Oni-Babatunde, A. O; Olabode, H. O. K; David, M. S; Aliyu, A.; Olufadi – Ahmed, H.YBackground: The emergence of multidrug- resistance Enterobacteriaceae especially in E. coli bacteria associated with Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in pregnancy is a serious menace globally posing health challenges and confounding successful empirical treatment as well as increasing pregnancy – related complications. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli (ESBLs – EC) isolates in pregnant women attending ante – natal clinics within Ilorin - Kwara State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 53 non - repeated E. coli isolates from urine samples of pregnant women were presumptively identified using standard bacteriological method and confirmed by commercially available Microgen® Identification Kits. Phenotypic detection of ESBLs was determined using antibiotics susceptibility test and double disc synergy Method for screening and confirmation respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was further used for the genotypic detection of ESBLs genes. Results: A total 88.67% (47/53) of E. coli exhibited resistance to the cephalosporins of which aztreonam was the highest (75.47%) and the least was cefpodoxime (35.84%) while 85.10% were confirmed positive for ESBL production. The genotypic detection showed the most occurring genotype was blaTEM (50%) blaOXA (27.7%), blaGES (22.5%), blaSHV (15%), blaCTXM and blaVEB (7.5%) while sixty – four (64%) of isolates co – harbored two or more gene. BlaTEM and blaOXA were dominant. Conclusion: This study showed high resistance of E. coli to the third generation cephalosporins harboring different ESBL genes which increases UTIs complexity and limit therapeutic options in pregnancy. Therefore, continuous monitoring of resistance in E. coli, effective appraisal of antibiotic control policies and rational use of antibiotics is therefore encouraged.Item Occurrence and Antibiogram Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from the Urinary Tract of Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics In Ilorin Metropolis.(African Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development., 2020) Bello, R. H; Ibrahim, Y. K.E; Olayinka, B. O; Jimoh, A.A. G; Olabode, H. O. KUrinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a serious health problem affecting millions of people globally. In females, it is more common during pregnancy and is characterized by increased morbidity, maternal and perinatal complications. This alarming rate of UTI related complications and antibiotics resistance necessitated this study among pregnant women attending ante – natal clinics within Ilorin metropolis of Kwara State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study involving 420 pregnant women attending ante – natal clinics was conducted from February, 2018 to April, 2019. Midstream urine samples were collected from enrolled subjects and cultured using quantitative urine culture method. Isolates were identified using standard bacteriological method, further confirmed using the Microgen Identification system and susceptibility testing was performed using the Disc Diffusion method. A total of 188 (44.67%) of the 420 urine samples had significant bacteriuria (colony-forming unit ≥105 /ml), and 56 (26.05 %) of the isolates were characterized as Escherichia coli. The E. coli isolates exhibited high resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, amoxicillin clavulanic acid, cefuroxime sodium at 88.68 %, 73.59%, 69.81% and 66.04% respectively. Of these isolates, 38 (71.70%) were resistant to three or more antibiotics and regarded as multidrug resistant. The most occurring resistant phenotype was ampicillin 8 (15.09%), followed by its combination with amoxycillin clavulanate, cefuroxime sodium 7 (13.21%) as well as tetracycline and sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim 6 (11.32%). All E. coli isolates were sensitive to imipenem and nitrofurantoin. This study indicates high prevalence of multidrug resistant E. coli in pregnancy associated UTIs with potential health consequences.