Browsing by Author "Okeola, F. O."
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Item Adsorbents from Jatropha curcas Shells Production, Utilisation Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies of their Adsorption: A Review(The Society for the Conservation of Phytofuels and Sciences, 2012-09-01) Okeola, F. O.; Odebunmi, E. O.; Adebayo, G.B.; Ameen, O. M.Jatrophas curcas is a multipurpose non-edible oil bearing and draught hardy perennial shrub. It is becoming popular for its eco-restoration of degraded land and production of biodiesel. Although much has been reported about the use of the oil, the cake and the glycerine from the seed of this plant, maximum benefit can still be obtained if the waste by-products are fully exploited. The seed cake is used as organic manure. The shells which constitute 39 % of the seed and fruit pericarp, has been reported being used as raw-materials for the production of biosorbent utilized for adsorption. Adsorption is widely used as an effective physical method of eliminating or lowering the concentration of wide range of dissolved pollutants (organic, inorganic) in an effluent. In the review Jatropha curcas shells have either been used directly in powder form as adsorbent or converted through carbonization and activation to activated carbon a typical adsorbent. Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies on these adsorbents, as well as their characterization were reported. Powdered jatrophas curcas seed coats have also been reported to be used as adsorbent to remove metal ions from waste water. Activated carbons prepared from the shells were also use to remove anions, heavy metals, organics and dyes from water by adsorption Thus Jatropha curcas shells adsorbents were found to serve as low cost, locally available, highly efficient and eco-friendly adsorbents.Item Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment(Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria., 2017-04-01) Okeola, F. O.; Odebunmi, E. O.; Ameen, O. M.; Amoloye, M. A.; Lawal, A. A.; Abdulmumeen, A. G.Abstract Batch adsorption experiment was carried out on freema (combination of Tartrazine and Sunset Yellow) an adsorbent prepared from moringa pod. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was determined. Effect of such factors as initial concentration of the adsorbate solution, contact time with the adsorbent, pH of the dye solution, and temperature of the dye solution on the adsorption capacity of the absorbent was determined. The result showed that the optimum adsorption was attained at pH of 3, adsorption equilibrium was attained within 60 min. The adsorption capacity increases with increase in initial concentration of the dye solution. The result of the kinetics study showed that the adsorption process was better described by the pseudo-second order rate equation. The adsorption process fitted well with both Freundlich (R2 = 0.983) and Langmuir (R2 = 0.933) models. Thermodynamic result showed ΔH and ΔS were all negative. Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) increases with increase in temperature of the dye solution.Item COMPARISON OF SORPTION CAPACITY AND SURFACE AREA OF ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARED FROM JATROPHA CURCAS FRUIT PERICARP AND SEED COAT(Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 2012-04-25) Okeola, F. O.; Odebunmi, E. O.; Ameen, MubarakActivated carbons were prepared from fruit pericarp and seed coat of Jatropha curcas using KOH and NaCl as activating agents leading to the production of four samples of activated carbons JPS, JPP, JCS and JCP. The adsorption capacity based on adsorption of methylene blue was determined for each sample. A further study of adsorptive properties of the most efficient activated carbon (JPS) was made by contacting it with standard solutions of methylene blue, acetic acid and potassium permanganate. The effects of mass of active carbon used, initial concentration of the solute and the pH of the solution on adsorption performance were investigated. Ash content and percentage fixed carbon were determined for two of the activated carbons (JPS and JCS) with the highest adsorptive capacity. Equilibrium study on adsorption was carried out and the adsorption data were analyzed using the Langmuir isotherm. The results obtained indicate that activated carbons from the fruit pericarp and the seed coat of J. curcas can be used as high performance adsorbents with the fruit pericarp activated carbon showing the higher adsorption capacity. The adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir model and adsorptive area of 824–910 m2/g was obtained for the activated carbon.Item EFFECT OF HEAT AND ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS ON THE AMINO ACID PROFILE OF JATROPHA CURCAS SEED CAKE(African Scholarly Science Communication Trust, 2014-05-05) Ameen, Mubarak; Usman, L. A.; Muhammed, N. O.; Okeola, F. O.; Boluwarin, E. O.; Fadeyi, O. O.In recent times, Jatropha curcas has attracted attention of various research organizations, governments, public and international developmental agencies and industries in the tropics and subtropics due to its adaptability to semi-arid marginal sites, the possibility of using its oil as a diesel fuel substitute and its role in erosion control. In tropical countries it is well known for its medicinal properties and as an oil seed. The seeds of J. curcas are a good source of oil, yielding between 40 – 80 % oil. Although the seed cake meal is rich in protein, it is toxic to rats, mice, ruminants and humans due to the presence of antinutritional factors; thus, its use as food or feed source has not been encouraging. However, recent findings indicate that after a proper detoxification process the seed meal can serve as a protein substitute in feed meals of animal feeds. The seeds of J. curcas were collected, dehulled, grounded and defatted to obtain the seed cake. The seed cake was divided into five portions, 60 g of each of the cake portion was separately moistened with 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, 4 M and 5 M NaOH solutions, respectively and autoclaved. Each of the autoclaved samples was washed with water and later with ethanol. A 60 g of the seed cake which was not treated with NaOH, water and ethanol was labeled untreated. The treated and untreated seed cakes were thus analyzed for their crude protein contents as well as amino acid profile. The untreated seed cake afforded 63.02 % yield of crude protein, while the crude protein content of the treated seed cake was 70.53, 71.46, 67.76, 60.82 and 56.19 % for the 1 – 5 M NaOH treated seed cake, respectively with the 2 M NaOH treated seed cake having the highest yield. The amino acid profile of the treated seed cake was similar and comparable to the values of WHO/FAO standard and those of soybeans. The seed can thus be used as an alternative protein source in animal feed formulation after it has been properly detoxified. If well processed, it would reduce competition between man and livestock for the conventional sources of proteins.Item The Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences(Faculty of Physical Sciences and Faculty of Life Sciences, Univ. of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2016-10-01) Okeola, F. O.; Amoloye, M. A.; Adebayo, G. B.; AbU, T. O.; Ameen, O. M.; Obiechina, B.Physicochemical analysis of crude oil and petroleum products were carried out on two different samples of crude oil and eight different samples of petroleum products. The parameters tested were specific gravity, API determination, aniline point, kinematic viscosity, water content, distillation profile, flashpoint, pour point and metal content determination. The tests were carried out using standard procedure of American society for testing and materials (ASTM). The result shows that the crude oils were different in terms of API gravity and specific gravity.API gravity of 36.2 and 31.5 respectively for crude oil C1 and C2 shows that they are not heavy crude oil. The low water content and low viscosity of the crude oils lower the risk of pipe and container corrosion and flow difficult. API gravity of gasoline and kerosene was more than 30, while that of engine oil and diesel oil was more than 30.For petroleum products, the result of density, specific gravity, viscosity and kinematic viscosity shows the value of those parameters increase from light fraction to heavy fraction. The pour point and flash point recorded for light fractions was lowered than that of heavy fractions, for both samples of gasoline P1 and P2, flash point is 49.3 oF and 51.1oF while pour point is -3 oC and -5 oC respectively, for Diesel oil D1 and D2 flash point is 244.2 and 240.2 oF and pour point is +3.2 and +3.0 oC respectively. The distillation profile result of both samples of gasoline, showed the temperatures to be in normal range. The level of heavy metal analysed were generally low but metal such as iron, copper, zinc were in abundance in the samples of the crude oil and petroleum products. The results are discussed in terms of importance and implication.