Adsorbents from Jatropha curcas Shells Production, Utilisation Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies of their Adsorption: A Review
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Date
2012-09-01
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Publisher
The Society for the Conservation of Phytofuels and Sciences
Abstract
Jatrophas curcas is a multipurpose non-edible oil bearing and draught hardy perennial shrub. It is becoming popular for its eco-restoration of degraded land and production of biodiesel. Although much has been reported about the use of the oil, the cake and the glycerine from the seed of this plant, maximum benefit can still be obtained if the waste by-products are fully exploited. The seed cake is used as organic manure. The shells which constitute 39 % of the seed and fruit pericarp, has been reported being used as raw-materials for the production of biosorbent utilized for adsorption. Adsorption is widely used as an effective physical method of eliminating or lowering the concentration of wide range of dissolved pollutants (organic, inorganic) in an effluent. In the review Jatropha curcas shells have either been used directly in powder form as adsorbent or converted through carbonization and activation to activated carbon a typical adsorbent. Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies on these adsorbents, as well as their characterization were reported. Powdered jatrophas curcas seed coats have also been reported to be used as adsorbent to remove metal ions from waste water. Activated carbons prepared from the shells were also use to remove anions, heavy metals, organics and dyes from water by adsorption Thus Jatropha curcas shells adsorbents were found to serve as low cost, locally available, highly efficient and eco-friendly adsorbents.
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Keywords
Adsorption, adsorbent, Jatropha curcas, kinetics, thermodynamics equilibrium, carbonization, activation, activated carbon