Browsing by Author "Ojo, O.J."
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Item Assessment of quality of river Niger floodplain water at Jebba, central Nigeria: implications for irrigation(E.W. Publications, 2012) Omotoso, O.A.; Ojo, O.J.Preliminary hydro-chemical evaluation of River Niger Floodplain at Jebba, Nigeria was carried out using ICP/MS and AAS methods in order to assess its suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes. Relative abundance of cations concentration at the pond water, well water and stream water were: Na>Ca>K>Mg, Na>Ca>Mg>K and Ca>Na>K>Mg respectively while those of the anions were: Cl>HCO3>SO4>CO3>NO3, Cl>SO4>HCO3>CO3>NO3 and Cl>HCO3>SO4>NO3>CO3 respectively. The average values of Revelle Contamination Index for the water samples were greater than one, hence,the water is not good for human or domestic consumption. On the average, pond and stream waters range from soft tomoderately soft while the well water is extremely hard (influence of lithology). The pond, well and stream waters are slightly alkaline with average value of pH as 7.8, 7.5 and 7.8 respectively. Interestingly, the calculated Indices: Sodium Adsorption Ratio, MagnesiumAdsorption Ratio, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Residual Sodium Bicarbonate, Permeability Index, Kelly Ratio, Potential Salinity and Soluble Sodium Percentage, which could indicate the water quality for irrigation show that the water is safe for irrigation practices. However, caution must be made while using well W1 because it shows high value of Magnesium Absorption Ratio (54.62) and high value of Kelly Ratio (1.06) which makes it unfit for irrigation purposes.Item Assessment of some heavy metals contamination in the soil of river Niger floodplain at Jebba, central Nigeria(E.W. Publications, 2015) Omotoso, O.A.; Ojo, O.J.The assessment of heavy metal contaminants: Mn, Cr, V, Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni, was conducted on River Niger Floodplain soil at Jebba, Central Nigeria using Contamination Factor (Cf), Factor (AF), Enrichment Factor (EF), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) and Degree of Contamination (Cdeg). Random sampling method was adopted cutting across the entire floodplain and the samples were subjected to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) methods of analyses. The computed results from the contamination indexes revealed an average AF value of 2.2, 0.8, 0.6, 1.7, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.3 for Mn, Cr, V, Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni respectively. The respective average of EF is: 1.1, 0.5, 0.2, 0.6, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4. The average Igeo are generally <1. The degree of contamination ranges from low to moderate (2.5 to 14.2). The Cf shows that the soil samples are moderately contaminated with Mn, Cu and Ni (range=1.3 to 2.2) while Cr, V, Pb, and Zn show low contamination factor (range=0.2 to 0.8). Results also show that the source of contamination of Mn, Cu and Ni are by the various anthropogenic activities in the area and the influence of geogenic processes is prevalent on Cr, V, Pb and Zn in the soil samples.Item Challenges and Prospects of Private Secondary School as Perceived by Proprietors/Proprietresses in Ilorin Metropolis(African Journal of Allied Education, 2015-10) Saidu, A.; AJIBOYE, S.K.; Ojo, O.J.; Aburume, A.O.Item Combined Petrographic and Geochemical Studies of Maastrichtian Patti Formation Sandstone, Bida Basin, Nigeria: Implications for Provenance and Compositional Maturity(Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2015) Ojo, O.J.; Adepoju, S.A.; Adedoyin, A.D.Geochemical data on sandstone facies of the Maastrichtian Patti Formation in Bida Basin, Nigeria, is presented and interpreted in this paper with respect to its provenance and compositional maturity. Petrographic data from thin sections and X-Ray Diffractometry were also integrated. Petrographic data from the sandstones classified them mainly as quartz-arenites and minor sub-arkose while geochemical indices such as high average values of SiO2/Al2O3, low Na2O+K2O and K2O/Na2O values also indicate the samples are sub-litharenite to quartz-arenite type. Relatively high average values of total REE (141.40 ppm), Th (7.59 ppm), Hf (6.82 ppm), and Zr (205.12 ppm) coupled with low concentrations of Ni (3.06 ppm), Co (1.66 ppm) and V (20.65 ppm) in the sandstones indicate felsic igneous provenance. The discrimination functions plot shows that the sandstones were sourced mainly from matured sedimentary provenance and a passive margin setting is deducted based on the plots of TiO2 versus Fe2O3+MgO and K2O/Na2O versus SiO2. The sandstones show high average value of SiO2 (86.8 %) and low values of Al2O3 (6.11 %), K2O (0.12) and Na2O (0.02 %), suggesting that the sediments are mature. Plot of SiO2 versus (Al2O3+K2O+Na2O) further lend credence to chemical maturity and reveals semi-humid to humid paleoclimate. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) value of 96.49 and the Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA) of 99.05 respectively are supportive of high weathering of the source area. The sands were most probably recycled from older Lokoja Formation during the late Maastrichtian Tethys inundation in the basin. Keywords: Agbaja, humid, maturity, Patti, plagioclase, provenance 1. IntroductionItem DUCTILE SHEARING AND REMOBILIZATION OF PORPHYRITIC GRANITE IN KORO-EGBE AREA, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA.(Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, LAUTECH, Printed in Nigeria, 2013) Adedoyin, A.D.; Bamigboye, O.S.; Adekeye, J.I.D.; Ojo, O.J.Penetrative metamorphic tectonite fabrics, folds, and shear zones constitute the main structural elements in Koro- Egbe area. Results of field mapping, which was used to constrain the shear zone, revealed the nature of the fabrics in the grey gneiss, schist, meta-basites and the Pan African granites in the area. The development of penetrative fabrics in the large-scale sheeted rocks defines the first deformation episode, D1. The second deformation episode D2, is revealed in the horizontal asymmetric folds (Koro-Egbe folds), while a major shear-zone developeded during a post-folding phase defines the D3 event. Within the shear-zone, bodies of porphyritic biotite granite of Pan African age (600±150Ma) were strongly tectonised with a north-easterly steeply-dipping foliation. Outside the shear zone, the porphyritic granite is relatively undeformed, preserving strong igneous textures. Smaller bodies of fine-medium grained biotite granite occur within the deformed porphyritic bodies in the shearzone. It is consideredthat the petrogenesis of these smaller bodies is strongly linked with the shearing under a high geothermal condition.Item Geochemical characteristics of sediments in river Niger fadama, central Nigeria(European Water Resources Association, 2017) Omotoso, O.A; Ojo, O.J.; Alebiosu, M.T.Floodplain also known as Fadama in Nigeria is a large centre of agricultural activities but usually faced with challenges of contamination. This study focused on the floodplain of River Niger at Jebba, Central Nigeria and the objectives of the study were to assess the geochemical characteristics of the sediments as well as their weathering indications. Thirty sediment samples were randomly collected over the entire Fadama and subjected to pulverization and geochemical analysis using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) for major oxides, trace and rare earth elements determinations. The geochemical results show that the average concentrations of the major ions (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO Na2O, K2O, MnO, TiO2, P2O5, and Cr2O3) are: 66.14 wt%, 13.16 wt%, 4.48 wt%, 0.57 wt%, 0.56 wt%, 0.59 wt%, 1.86 wt%, 0.07 wt%, 0.99 wt%, 0.06 wt% and 0.01 wt% respectively. According to Upper Continental Crust Average Concentration (UCC), the major ions are depleted in the sediment except TiO2 that is enriched having an average value of 1.98; the trace elements are also depleted in the sediments except Ba, Co, Cs, Ga, Hf, U, V and Zr that are enriched having average values greater than 1; and the rare earth elements are highly enriched in the sediments with average values greater than unity. The weathering indications show that CIA, PIA and CIW give average values of 80, 89 and 92, respectively. This shows that the sediments have undergone intensive weathering. The intensive weathering of the sediments would have contributed to the concentration of metals in the water phase. Contamination Factor and Enrichment Factor of the sediments show that the sediments are enriched in trace and rare earth elements from geogenic and anthropogenic sources.Item Geochemical Composition and Petrogenesis of Schists and Amphibolites of Parts of Sheets 203 (Lafiagi) SW and 224 (Osi) NW, Southwestern Nigeria(Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2014) Adedoyin, A.D.; Adekeye, J.I.D.; Ojo, O.J.Precambrian meta-sedimentary rocks are widely exposed and are interbanded with amphibolitic rocks in Sheets 203 (Lafiagi) SW and 224 (Osi) NW, southwestern Nigeria. They are underlain by migmatitic and granitic gneisses and intruded by Late- to Post- Pan African granitoids. Petrographic and geochemical studies show that the metasediments are para-schists of arkosic to greywacke parentage which were sourced from a moderately weathered feldspathic igneous rock(s) while the amphibolitic rocks are sub alkaline Island Arc tholeiites whose original chemistry have been significantly altered during and after the emplacement. Derivation of the schists from K feldspar-rich protoliths is indicated by the enhancement of Ba over Rb while the presence of significant amount of mafic constituents is signified by relatively high amount of Cr and, sometimes, Ni. Low level of weathering of the protolith is suggested, based on the calculated CIA values. The geochemical characteristics of the amphibolites indicate a possible origin from a basaltic magma under an oxidizing condition. The study area shows similar petrological, structural and geochemical characteristics with the Ilesha Schist Belt to the south and to which it is considered to be the northern extension.Item Preliminary Geochemical Assessment of Asa River Sediments, North Central Nigeria(Faculty of Science, Adamawa State University, Nigeria, 2017) Omotoso, O.A.; Ojo, O.J.; Okebaram, U. D.; Alebiosu, M. T.Preliminary geochemical assessment of Asa river sediments has been carried out with the aim of evaluating the concentrations, extent of contamination and possible sources of metals in the sediments using XRF and ICP-MS techniques. Geochemical results of major oxides show that SiO2 has the highest value (range=72.4 to 94.1%; average=85.66%), others ranged from 0.01% in Cr2O3 , P2O5 and MnO 2 to 11.6 % in Al2O3. Enrichment of the major oxides according to UCC, PAAS and NASC shows that only SiO 2 is highly enriched in the sediments (1.3, 1.36 and 1.32 respectively) while others have values less than 1 (that is they are depleted in the sediments). Weathering indication parameters indicate some degree of intensive weathering. Ba, Sr and Zr have the highest average concentrations (1043, 138 and 1155ppm respectively) above other trace elements. Ba, Hf and Zr are highly enriched in the sediments (2.09; 1.9), (15.13; 4.7), (7.22;6.08) according to ASC and UCC average values respectively, while the rest are depleted with values <1. Ce has the highest average value of 29.08ppm above other rare earth elements. Ce may be sourced from glauconites. Tm has the lowest average value (0.18ppm). Rare earth elements show enrichment values <1, meaning that they are depleted in the sediments. Metals/elements ranged from low contamination factor to very high contamination factor, low degree of contamination to very high degree of contamination and the geo-accumulation index ranged from practically no contamination to moderately contaminated. Contamination Factors revealed the influence of both anthropogenic and geogenic on the metal concentrations in the sediments.Item Preliminary Health Risk Assessment in Relation to Some Trace Elements in Ogunpa River, South-Western Nigeria(LAUTECH Journal of Civil and Environmental Studies, 2021) Omotoso, O.A.; Ojo, O.J.; Ige, O.O.; Olaleye, I.M.; Adewoye, O.A.; Olelewe, M.C.Ogunpa River receives municipal and industrial waste discharge from its catchments and these have depleted the quality of the water. Hence, this research examines the preliminary environmental impacts and health implications of some trace elements in the water using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) laboratory technique. Average values of Al, Ba, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb are above the recommended limits of WHO. The CF showed that the trace elements varied from considerable contamination factor to very high contamination factor and the degree of 4contamination varied from 1023 to 11640. The hazard quotient computed for the adults is generally less than unity except Pb that has average value of 1.27. In children, the computed hazard quotient on the average ranges from 0.000572 to 4.04. Al, As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd have their average values less than unity respectively, while Fe, Mn and Pb has their average values greater than one. The Hazard Index (HI) in adults and children are greater than one. Carcinogenic risk assessment was computed for Cr, Pb and Cd which was greater than 10-6 in children and adult. Only Cd in adult was less than the prescribed limit of 10-6. Effort should be made to checkmate indiscriminate dumping of refuse and sewages into the water body as these could serve as pollutants to other adjourning rivers and main water bodies. In conclusion, the water is not fit for domestic, agricultural and probably industrial uses because of its health implications on consumptionItem PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF SOME TRACE METALS CONTAMINATION INDEXES IN GROUNDWATER OF JEBBA-KARA ENVIRONS, NIGERIA(Faculty of Science, Adamawa State University, Nigeria, 2015) Omotoso, O.A.; Ojo, O.J.Hydrochemical assessment of groundwater contamination in Jebba-Kara environs with respect to some trace elements distribution profiles in the area has been established. The aim is to assess possible environmental impacts of various anthropogenic activities and the weathering of surrounding rock types on the groundwater metal distributions in the area. Inductively Couples Plasma/Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS) technique was used for the analysis of the trace elements in the sampled water. Hydrochemical analysis results show that the average concentrations of the trace elements analyzed fall below standards except average value of Ba (0.33 ppm) that is above the prescribed limits, making the water unfit for domestic consumptions. Also, elevated values of Al (0.87 ppm) and Fe (0.77 ppm) in some of the Hand-dug wells were observed. The Contamination Factor among the trace elements ranged from low Contamination Factor to moderate Contamination Factor depicting both anthropogenic and geogenic influences on the metals profile in the groundwater. The Degree of Contamination ranged from 0.68 to 7.96 depicting low degree of metal contamination. Computed average Geo-accumulation Index (I-geo) revealed practically no contamination. However, some of the computed I-geo in the Hand-dug wells water samples show some levels of contamination with respect to Al, Ba, Fe, Cu and Sr. The average Enrichment Factor (EF) computed for the trace elements ranged from deficiency enrichment to considerable enrichment of the metals in the water samples. Majority of the trace elements significantly correlated with one another connoting same source of metal contribution (anthropogenic or/and geogenic origins).