Browsing by Author "Ojieabu, Winifred A."
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Item Cervical Cancer Awareness, Knowledge and Risk Factors Among Health Care Students in a Nigerian University(RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020) Bello, Shakirat Iyabo; Ojieabu, Winifred A.; Talabi, Timilehin B.; Ojieabu, Christabel E.Aim of study: Cervical cancer is the 4th women killer disease in the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the disease is preventable if detected early, many women stilldie from it. This study was to evaluate cervical cancer awareness, knowledge and risk factors among health care students of Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Campus, Ogun State, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study carried out among Pharmacy and Medical 4th and 5th year students. Males were 127 (50.8%). Majority 226 (90.4%) of the respondents heard of cervical cancer, those who knew it affects mainly female gender were 217 (86.8%). Those who knew the stages of cervical cancer were 81 (32.4%). While 96 (38.4%) heard of Pap test, those who knew that Pap test is important for women of their age were 10 (4.0%)and those who see it as necessary even if there has not been family history of cancer were 234 (93.6%). The following believed that the below listed factors could increase the chances of getting cervical cancer. They include, infection with Human papillomavirus 222 (88.8%), weakened immune system 223 (89.2%), long-term use of contraceptive pills, 186 (74.4%) and having many sexual partners 211 (84-4%). P < 0.000. Awareness of cervical cancer and knowledge of its risk factors were appreciably high while that of Pap test was below average.Item Factors associated with Tuberculosis among HIV individuals receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in General Hospital, Lafiagi, Nigeria(Journal Pharmaceutical Reserach Development and Practice, 2018-05) Bello, Shakirat Iyabo; Ajulo, Michael O.; Ojieabu, Winifred A.Tuberculosis (TB) leads to substantial deadly consequences in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive people in Africa, even with the free access to combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART). This research was conducted to assess the risk factors associated with development of TB among HIV individuals receiving cART. A cross-sectional study was investigated among 230 HIV infected patients receiving cART in HIV Centre Lafiagi, Kwara State, Nigeria. Clinical symptomatology, GeneXpert and Sputum Smear Microscopy tests were used for diagnosis of TB among HIV infected patients. Logistic regression analysis was exploited to outline factors related to incidence of TB/HIV co-infection. Of the 230 HIV subjects enrolled, only (4.8 %) had pulmonary TB. The rate of co-infection was lesser in females, (4.0 %) than males, (10.0 %). Patients with CD4 count below 200 cells/ml had a greater co-infection rate (14.3%) and burden of co-infection (63.6 %) than patients with CD4 counts larger than 200 cells/ml (2.2 % and 36.4 %, respectively). The highest risk factor linked with the incidence of TB in these patients was inappropriate adherence to cART (Odds Ratio, 7.32; 11.012-23.678, 95 % CI). Other factors were low CD4 count cells (Odds Ratio, 4.90; 1.431-11.302, 95 % CI), advanced WHO clinical stage (Odds Ratio, 3.11; 0.231-0.611, 95 % CI), low Body Mass Index (Odds Ratio, 2.33; 1.271-9.202, 95 % CI) and gender (Odds Ratio, 1.22; 0.144-1.193, 95 % CI). Inappropriate drug adherence is a major risk factor for development of TB in HIV infected patients on cART. Concerted efforts on cART adherence should be intensified to improve therapy significantly and reduce the burden of TB/HIV co-infection.Item HIV/AIDS Related Stigmatization and Discrimination(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 2014) Ojieabu, Winifred A.; Eze, U.I.H.; Fashola, O. S.; Bello, S. I.; Arute, J. E.HIV Stigmatization and discrimination have been found to cut across countries of the globe without exception. The consequences of stigma are wide-ranging: being shunned by family, peers and the wider community, poor treatment in healthcare and educational settings, psychological damage and a negative effect on the success of HIV testing and treatment. The objective of this present study was to assess the level of HIV/AIDS associated stigmatization in a Federal Medical Centre. The study was done through the administration of pretested self-administered questionnaire comprising two sections to 200 HIV/AIDS patients during clinic sessions. Majority of the respondents (71%) were females. The highest age group was within the range 36-45years (37%). A remarkable number (68.8%) of the respondents were married, 45.9% completed secondary school level while 50% were self-employed. Majority (30.0%) of the respondents knew their status through testing, 74.7% felt depressed on knowing their status, 80.0% disclosed their status to their family members, 81.0% felt uncomfortable attending clinic for treatment while 70.65% preferred attending a clinic far away from their homes. The impact of stigma and discrimination can be said to very high among these HIV/AIDS patients as reasons given for not wanting to be seen in social gatherings, wanting to go far away from home to obtain treatment and some other reasons are all stigma and discrimination related.Item Hypertension and Related Risk Factors Among Clients on Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Offa, Nigeria(Jinnah University for Women, Pakistan, 2017) Bello, Shakirat I.; Ojieabu, Winifred A.Justification: The hypertension pervasiveness is a major challenge in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) afflicted people globally. Aim: A prospective, cross-sectional research comprising two hundred and eighteen HIV afflicted patients was conducted in Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic of General Hospital, Offa, Nigeria between November 2015 and December 2016. Methodology: Blood pressure of patients’ was evaluated with the use of Omron automated blood pressure monitor following standard procedures. Dual Weight and Height Balance device was utilized to measure the weights and heights of the subjects. Results: Hypertension incidence among patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) was 34%, while cART-naive was 9.6%. In women afflicted with HIV who were on cART, the hypertension occurrence was high (75.5%) compared to men (24.5%). Risk factors that were markedly linked with hypertension among patients on cART include body mass index (OR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.21-2.27; p < 0.050), sedentary lifestyle (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.20-5.38; p < 0.043), age (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.22-2.33; p < 0.004) and gender (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 0.85-2.41; p < 0.037). Conclusion: Patients on cART were found to have higher hypertension prevalence than cART-naive. On risk factors for hypertension, however, the cART was not inclusive.Item Knowledge of Health Consequences of Psychoactive Substance Use among Senior Secondary School Students(Dhaka Universitu Journal Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020-12) Bello, Shakirat Iyabo; Ojieabu, Winifred A.; Arute, John E.; Tijani, Adebukola A.; Okunye, Lionel O.; Saka, Sule A.; Ojieabu, Christabel E.; Uzor, Philip F.; Akpotu, Mark O.; Eze, Uchenna I.H.The rate of psychoactive substance (PAS) use in the adolescent group is increasing around the world. Drug abuse has a negative impact on students’ education especially that of secondary school students. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of psychoactive substance use and knowledge of the health consequences among secondary school students in Ogun State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 528 consenting students selected using random sampling method. Data obtained using a validated modified World Health Organization’s guidelines questionnaire were analyzed with SPSS 20, p-Value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Majority (78.8%) were within the age group 15-18 years, males were 61.4%. Alcohol (95.0%) ranked first of all the substances been consumed among the current PAS users. Age was highly significantly associated with PAS use. Average knowledge of health consequences of PAS use was 11.5%. There is need for continuous health educational intervention to boost the respondents’ knowledge about health consequences of uses of psychoactive substances.Item Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among Fulani herdsmen in Rural Community of Nigeria(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 2016) Bello, Shakirat I.; Ojieabu, Winifred A.; Bello, Ibrahim K.Hypertension is progressively becoming more prevalent in Nigeria and has not been studied in some demographics. The purpose of the study was to assess the risk factors and occurrence of hypertension among Fulani herdsmen in Nigeria. A descriptive cross sectional study on hypertension was conducted among Fulani herdsmen residing in rural communities of Ilorin East and Moro Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Nigeria, from the ages of 18 years and above. The eight hundred and seventy–two (872) subjects used in this study were sampled based on convenience as dictated by the inclusion and exclusion criteria and availability of subjects. The consenting subjects completed a standardized questionnaire. Blood pressure, weight and height were measured and recorded using standard calibrated equipment. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were conducted. Of the 872 herdsmen, 351 (40.3%) were aged 18–30 years and 632 (72.5%) migrated from the North–West zone of Nigeria. Almost all (n=858, 98.4%) of the subjects were ignorant of hypertension. Overweight and obesity were uncommon among the subjects (0%). The occurrence of hypertension was 17.3% with overall average systolic blood pressure (BP) of 128.8±12.3 mmHg and diastolic BP of 84.0±8.0 mmHg. Risk factors of hypertension identified among these Fulani herdsmen were types of diet [OR 0.578; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.113–1.418, p< 0.028], smoking habit [OR 5.147; CI: 1.023–25.884, p < 0.017] and age [OR 2.656; CI: 0.682–8.556, p < 0.031]. Majority of hypertensive herdsmen were not aware of their status. Public health awareness on the risk factors of hypertension such as smoking and diet type is essential to reduce the burden among this population.Item Viral Hepatitis B Infection among Undergraduate Students Accessing Health Services at Public Tertiary Institution in Kwara South, Nigeria(Journal of Basic and Social Pharmacy Research, 2019-11) Bello, Shakirat Iyabo; Williams, Felicia E.; Aliyu, Fullaila O.; Ojieabu, Winifred A.; Adewumi, Misitura A.Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been a major public health concern causing above a million deaths worldwide. The disease can be averted by employing relevant screening programs and effectual vaccines. Objectives: This research aimed to assess the occurrence and risk factors for infection of HBV among undergraduate students accessing health services at University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 15th February and 4th June, 2019. One hundred and eighty-one students were recruited and tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) with the use of Micropoint Diagnostics Kit, Nantong, China. A validated questionnaire was used to capture information on socio-demographics and risk factors for infection of HBV of the consenting volunteers. Ethical approval with number UIL/UHS/TW was obtained. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyze the data collected for descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean age of the students was 19.21± 5.37 years with the majority being females 110 (60.8%). Ten students tested positive for HBV giving an incidence rate of 5.5%. The age of the students showed a significant association with HBV positivity. Use of injectable illicit drugs and sharing of utensils were the behavioural risk factors that correlated with HBV infection. Conclusion: The incidence rate of HBV disease was intermediate and the risk factors identified were age, use of injectable illicit drugs and sharing of utensils. Proper adherence to prevention and control measures coupled with efficient follow-up could decrease the occurrence of the disease.Item World Health Organization Indicators for Rational Use of Drugs in a Nigerian Secondary Hospital(Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, India., 2016-06) Bello, Shakirat I.; Ojieabu, Winifred A.; Bello, Ibrahim K.Purpose: Prevention of irrational drug use may reduce healthcare costs and potentially save lives. In line with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation, retrospective, prospective and cross sectional descriptive studies were conducted to obtain information on patient care, prescribing, and facility indicators in the Outpatient Department of General Hospital, Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria. Methodology: A sample of 1,416 prescriptions was randomly selected to determine the prescribing indicators. A total of 472 patients were interviewed to collect information on the drugs being used by the patients. Information on health facility indicators were obtained by assessing sufficient supply of vital drugs, and access to information about these drugs in the hospital. Findings: Majority of the patients were females with mean age of 56.2 ± 7.1 years. The average number of drugs per prescription (2.6) was higher than WHO recommendation (1.6-1.8), and most (58.1%) of the drugs prescribed were branded rather than 100% generics. Percentages of antibiotics (23.8%) and injectable drugs (3.4%) prescribed were within WHO cut-off values of 20.0-26.8% and <10.0%, respectively. The Nigerian Essential Drugs List was available in the facility, and a high percentage (99.7%) of drugs was prescribed from the list. The average time used in dispensing drugs (5.26 ± 2.33 minutes) was also adequate and within WHO recommendation (>3 minutes). Appropriate drugs dispensed and adequate labeling were 87.4% and 81.9%, respectively. Hypertension (28.8%) was the most prevalent disease in the community. Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the prescribing indicators did not meet WHO standard criteria. Social Value: The health facility and patient care indicators are rational. Data obtained in this study can be used to monitor and improve drug prescribing habits of physicians in this facility.