Browsing by Author "Odeigah, LO"

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    Association between blood pressure, body mass index, and age: A data analytic approach
    (Faculty of Medical sciences University of calabar, 2023-08-30) Odeigah, LO; Agede, OA; Ogunjemilua, SB; Obalowu, IA; Mutalub, YB
    Objectives: Increase in body mass index (BMI) increases the risk of developing high blood pressure (BP). Several studies also indicate that high BP is associated with age. Controversies have been found regarding the association of BMI with high BP and age. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the association between BP, BMI, and age. Material and Methods: Using the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR 131103) Study on the Effects of Mindfulness on Lifestyle Behavior and BP, prospectively gathered data were retrospectively analyzed. A randomized controlled study was conducted. Using the statistical MedCalc program, the patient demographic data – including their age, BMI, and BP – were statistically examined. Statistical significance was determined using a 0.05 P-value. Results: Of the 37 participants, 43.3% had a normal BMI. One-fourth (40.5%) of the people were obese. 13.5% and 32.4% of the people had normal systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP, respectively. Age, SBP, or DBP did not significantly correlate with BMI. Nevertheless, there was a positive and substantial correlation between BMI, age, SBP, DBP, weight, and height. Conclusion: According to the study’s findings, there are no appreciable positive connections between BMI and either SBP or DBP, or age. However, the weakly positive relationships between SBP and DBP and age suggest that regular BP monitoring is necessary.
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    Correlation between Body Mass Index and Lipid Profile among Healthy Adults: Analysis of ICPSR-based data
    (East African Medical Association, 2023) Odeigah, LO; Agede, OA; Ogunjemilua, SB; Obalowu, IA; Mutalub, YB
    Background: The prevalence of obesity has increased in the majority of developing countries notwithstanding the considerable incidence of undernutrition. The elevated lipid levels associated with obesity may lead to a variety of metabolic and cardiovascular problems. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between body mass index and lipid profiles in healthy adults (BMI). Methods: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome, its risk factors, and the related lifestyle in adult Myanmar citizens were examined in the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research Study (ICPSR146521) using data that had been obtained prospectively. The patient's lipid profiles, and demographic data were statistically analyzed using the statistical MedCalc tool. Statistical significance was determined using a 0.05 p-value. Results: A total of 32 subjects, ranging in age from 18 to 90, were examined. Of the individuals, 48.34% were of normal weight, 32.12% were obese, and 19.54% were overweight. 79.66% of the participants who were obese belonged to the class 1 category. A high TG level, a high LDL level, a high total cholesterol level, and a low HDL level were present in 33.11%, 58.28%, 40.40%, and 6.29% of the individuals, respectively. Conclusion: Body mass index had a positive correlation with TG levels and a negative correlation with age. As a result, as BMI rises, TG levels rise as well, but BMI falls as age rises. Age and TC levels have a positive correlation; as a result, TC levels rise with age.
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    DEPRESSION AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS IN ILORIN, NIGERIA
    (NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE, 2019) Odeigah, LO; Rotifa, SU; Shittu, RO; Olanrewaju, GJ
    Background: Depressive disorders are a significant public health problem. They are prevalent, disabling, and often chronic, with a high economic burden to the society. Although depression is common, determining its prevalence across studies and within different segments of the HIV population is not easy, given the variety of methodological issues that warrant consideration. This study estimates the prevalence of depressive disorders and its correlates. Objectives: The study sought to determine the prevalence of depression among adult HIV/AIDS respondents, attending HIV/AIDS clinic in the Kwara State specialist Hospital, Sobi, Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods: This was a hospital based, cross sectional, descriptive study of three hundred adult HIV/AIDS patients attending the HIV clinic of the Kwara State Specialist Hospital, Sobi, Ilorin from 1st of March to 3oth July, 2014. Informed consent was obtained from the respondents. The PHQ-9 was administered to the respondents to screen for depression. A pre-tested PHQ-9 questionnaire was used to collect data. Subjects who scored one and more were assessed clinically for depression. The severity of the depression was further classified as minimal, mild, moderate and severe. The three keys to social determinants of depression (SDS) were assessed and the association with depression sought. Results: One hundred and seventy (56.7%) satisfied the criteria for a depressive disorder using the PHQ-9 score. Depressive symptoms were strongly related to gender, below average year of schooling, poor economic status, low social cohesion and stressful life events. Conclusion: Clinicians should assess HIV-infected people for depression, to ensure early detection and treatment. Failure to recognize depression may endanger both the subjects and others in the community. This result calls for improved public health education and awareness to highlight the health impact of depressive symptoms among People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).
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    Interplay between Lipid Profile and Weight-Related Outcomes in Healthy Overweight Adults: In-sights from Comprehensive Analyses
    (Faculty of Basic Medical and Clinical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, 2023-08-28) Odeigah, LO; Agede, OA; Ogunjemilua, SB; Obalowu, IA; Mutalub, YB
    Background: The escalating prevalence of overweight and obesity has heightened concerns about cardiovascu-lar health. The intricate interplay between lipid profile variables and weight-related outcomes plays a pivotal role in shaping cardiovascular risks among individuals with excess body weight. This study investigates the associa-tions between lipid profile variables and weight-related indicators in a cohort of healthy, overweight adults, shedding light on potential implications for cardiovascular risk management. Methods: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome, risk factors, and related lifestyle in adult Myanmar citizens were examined in the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research Study (ICPSR146521) using prospective data. The patient's lipid profiles and demographic data were statistically analyzed using the statistical MedCalc tool. Statistical significance was determined using a 0.05 p-value. Results: Results demonstrate that while BMI is influenced by multiple factors beyond lipid profile variables, waist circumference exhibits moderate association with these variables. Notably, triglycerides significantly cor-related with waist circumference, suggesting a potential role in visceral fat accumulation. Additionally, the study highlights the impact of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels on body weight, indicating that higher HDL levels are associated with lower body weights among healthy overweight adults. Conclusion: This study provides comprehensive insights into the complex relationship between lipid profile variables and weight-related outcomes among healthy, overweight adults. These findings underscore the im-portance of weight management strategies for cardiovascular health and suggest potential avenues for targeted interventions. By understanding the interplay between lipid profiles and obesity, clinicians and public health professionals can develop more effective strategies to mitigate cardiovascular risks in this demographic.
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    Pattern of adverse drug reactions reported at zonal Pharmacovigilance Centre, Ilorin, North-central Nigeria: a 15year review
    (East African Medical Association, 2022-05) Agede, OA; Odeigah, LO; Mutalub, YB; Obalowu, IA; Aiyetoro, SO; Jimoh, AAG
    Background: Drugs have the potential to cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs). ADRs causes a great burden on healthcare system in terms of increasing morbidity and mortality with significant economic consequences. ADRs requires active monitoring and in sub-Saharan Africa, ADRs are either not reported or under reported which poses a great challenge. This study was conducted with the aim of understanding the pattern and occurrence of ADRs, the sociodemographic distribution, organ system affected, implicated drugs for the ADRs and clinical outcome. Method: This study is a 15year retrospective study that analyzed the ADRs reported to Zonal Pharmacovigilance Center, Ilorin, North-central Nigeria. A total of 280 patients reported 301 adverse drug reactions between 2005 and 2020 to the ZPC and the ADRs reported were analyzed. Results: The age group most commonly affected by ADRs was 31-40 years with affectation of both gender. The organ system mostly affected was the skin and patients presented with pruritus and skin rash. The most common suspected drug for the ADRs were antiretroviral drugs. Most of the ADRs were mild and most patients recovered fully. Conclusions: ADRs were under-reported in this study. Most were mild in nature and affected patients recovered fully. It is important to understand the pattern and occurrence of ADRs for the safety of patients and to reduce it burden on healthcare system. This can be achieved by effective monitoring and sensitization of health care workers.
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    Prevalence of dermatophytosis among primary school children in Oke-oyi community of Kwara state
    (Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2011) Adefemi, SA; Odeigah, LO; Alabi, KM
    Background: Dermatophytic infections have been known to impact negatively on health and well-being of children. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, clinical types as well as the etiologic organisms of dermatophyte infection among primary school children aged 5-16 years in Oke-Oyi community in Kwara state. Materials and Methods: A 4-months descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out among 602 children aged 5-16 years in Oke-Oyi community, in Kwara state. Results: The prevalence of clinically suspected dermatophytoses lesion was 29.9% (180/602). Dermatophyte accounted for 5.0% (30/602) on Sabouraud dextrose agar culture, while non-dermatophyte molds represent majority of isolate i.e., 15.4% (93/602). Tinea capitis is the commonest clinical type, followed by Tinea coporis and then Tinea pedis. Multiple infections are noted in nine respondents. Three species of dermatophytes belonging to only two of the three genera of dermatophytes were responsible for human infection in the area studied, of which Trichophyton mentagrophyte is the commonest, followed by Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton verucossum. Among the non-dermatophytes, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans predominate. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the prevalence of dermatophytoses in the school studied was significant. Control efforts should target this vulnerable group to reduce its prevalence.
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    The Profiles and outcome of Unilateral Tuberculous Lung Destruction in Ilorin. Nigeria.
    (West Africa College of Physicians and Surgeons, 2011) Fawibe, AE; Salami, AK; Oluboyo, PO; Desalu, OO; Odeigah, LO
    Background: Unilateral tuberculous lung destruction is a serious chronically disabling and often fatal complication of pulmonary tuberculosis. A few previous studies have dealt with some aspects of this entity among Nigerians with pulmonary tuberculosis but these studies may not truly reflect its current trends. Objective: To describe the presenting profiles and outcome of unilateral tuberculous lung destruction among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: The study was a chart review of the medical records of adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by unilateral lung destruction seen between January 1999- December 2008. Data extracted included demographic, and outcome of treatment. The clinical features, sputum results and illustrative cases are presented. Results: Unilateral lung destruction complicated 74(1.3%) of 5,926 pulmonary tuberculosis cases seen over the review period. Most cases occurred in males [45(60.8%)] and they were predominantly [51(68.9%)] below 40 years of age. Most of them [52(70.2%)] presented after six months of symptoms. Forty-seven (63.5%) of them had had previous exposure to antituberculosis drugs. The left lung was affected in 49 (66.2%) patients. Only 25 (33.8%) of them were cured while the adjusted mortality rate was 25.5%. Male gender, presence of dyspnoea on mild exertion and right ventricular failure were significantly associated with increased mortality. Conclusion: Unilateral tuberculous lung destruction has unacceptably high mortality rate which can be prevented by patient presenting early to the hospital, prompt diagnosis and strict adherence to the standard treatment.
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    A Retrospective Evaluation of Pretreatment and Follow-up Monitoring of HIV—infected Adult Patients in a Resource—Poor Setting.
    (International Association of Physicians in AIDS care, Chicago., 2010) Fawibe, AE; Olafimihan, KO; Salami, AK; Desalu, OO; Odeigah, LO
    The rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with the challenges of ensuring that HIV care delivered to clients is of the highest quality. This study was designed to evaluate the pretreatment and 12 month follow-up monitoring of clinical and laboratory profiles of HIV-infected patients at the adult HIV clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, in Nigeria. It was a retrospective analysis of records of 440 adult patients who were on follow-up visits for 1 or more years. Two hundred two (45.9%) were male and 238 (54.1%) were female. Weight was documented at baseline in 314 (71.4%) and at month 12 of follow-up in 258 (58.6%). Baseline World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage was documented in 269 (61.1%). Baseline CD4 count, full blood count (FBC), creatinine (Cr), liver function tests (LFT), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and fasting serum lipids (FSL) were documented in 243 (55.6%), 260 (59.1%), 143 (32.5%), 136 (30.9%), 268 (60.9%), and 161 (36.6%), respectively. At 12th month of follow-up visit, the CD4 count, FBC, Cr, LFT, FBS, and FSL were documented in 121 (27.5%), 94 (21.4%), 59 (13.4%), 77 (17.5%), 179 (40.7%), and 95 (21.6%), respectively. This report shows that the pretreatment and the 12th-month follow-up mon itoring of HIV-infected adult patients in our center was less than optimal. We recommend periodic self-assessment by care pro viders to monitor compliance with standards.
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    RIFAMPICIN RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN A SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITY IN ILORIN, NIGERIA
    (NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE, 2019) Odeigah, LO; Shittu, RO; Rotifa, US; Akanbi, AA; Adeoti, W
    Background: Rifampicin resistant tuberculosis is an unrecognized and potentially serious treatment issue. Rifampicin resistance is a risk factor for poor outcome in tuberculosis. It is prevalent in Nigeria. Therefore, we sought to examine the pattern of Rifampicin resistance tuberculosis in Ilorin, Nigeria. Method: One hundred and forty tuberculosis cases were referred to the chest clinic of Sobi Specialist Hospital, Ilorin from January to December, 2014. Sputum samples were obtained from them, smeared on glass slides, stained using Ziehl Neelsen Stain and later observed under light microscopy. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay was used to simultaneously detect TB and rifampicin resistance. Result: The minimum age of the patients was 18years, while the maximum was 83years. The mean age was 38.39± 13.75. There was male preponderance 84(60%), compared to 56(40%) female. The Sobi Specialist Hospital made the highest referral. The tertiary hospital, the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital had no functional GeneXpert facility as at the time of this study. Forty eight (34.3%) had smear-positive TB, while 92(65.7%) were sputum negative. Thirty two (38.1%) male out of 84 and 12(21.4%) female out of 56 were sensitive to Rifampicin, while 6(7.1%) male out of 84 and 4 (7.1%) female out of 56 were resistant to it. Forty four (31.4%) were MD-TB positive with a prevalence of 31.4%. Ten (7.2%) were Rifampicin resistant; this included 6 males and females. This was statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study highlights that physicians should have a high index of suspicion for rifampicin resistant tuberculosis in patients refractory to anti-TB treatment. The MTB/RIF test is a useful method for rapid diagnosis of TB and detection of RIFresistance strains. There is need for increasing effort to interrupt the transmission of RIF-TB.
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    STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION IN HIV-AIDS; THE GREATEST CHALLENGE TO HIV AIDS PREVENTION, CARE, SUPPORT AND TREATMENT
    (NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE, 2013) Odeigah, LO
    From inception, the HIV/AIDS epidemic had been accompanied also by an epidemic of fear, ignorance and denial, leading to intense stigma and discriminatory practices against those living with HIV/AIDS. The greatest challenge to the efforts of the various agencies and governments in the care, support and treatment of people living with HIV/AIDS, appears to be stigma and discrimination. Stigma and discrimination has to be addressed through public education, legislation to protect people living with HIV/AIDS and also by legal means to address human rights abuses in areas of health care, housing, education, employment etc. Health managers must make conscious efforts to put in place policies and structure to reduce stigma and discrimination in the health care setting.