Browsing by Author "Nwoha, R. I. O."

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    Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Dog Owners on Rabies in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Egyptian Society for Animal Management, 2022) Aiyedun, J. O.; Darajat, A. T.; Daodu, O. B.; Oludairo, O. O.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Nwoha, R. I. O.; Oluboyede, I. S.
    Rabies is an acute viral zoonotic disease that affects all warm-blooded animals. Its constant evaluation of the perception of the public is essential. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and practices of dog owners on rabies in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. This was achieved by administering 150 structured questionnaires to dog owners, breeders and hunters in the study area using face to face interviews. The data collected were analysed using SPSS version 21. Dog owners with more than 3 dogs (13.3%) and those with one dog (50.7%) had the highest (80%) and least (47.4%) rabies vaccination rates respectively. Dogs kept for both breeding and security (18%) were vaccinated more than those kept for (74.1%) other reasons. Lhasa apso and local breeds were the highest (100%) and least (14.3%) vaccinated dogs in the study. Dogs < 1 year (30.7%) and those >6 years (0.7%) recorded (65.2%) and (0%) current rabies vaccination status respectively, while 90% and 72.6% of the respondents knew about rabies and its transmission to man respectively, only 58.7% had updated rabies vaccination for their dogs. Although 56% of the dog owners in this study rightly indicated how rabies is transmitted, 16% and 64.7% didn’t know how humans contract the disease and the clinical presentations in dogs respectively. Most (35.6%) respondents that didn’t have up to date vaccinations for their dogs didn’t have cogent reasons for failing to do so. Dog owners that were not knowledgeable about pre-exposure rabies vaccination were 58.7% while only 7.3 % of them had received previous shots of the vaccine. Dog bite experience was recorded in 78% of the respondents while only 20.7% of the 82.7% that claimed to know what to do when bitten by a dog identified the right course of action. Most (69.3%) respondents however indicated they would seek medical help at the government hospital (40%) if bitten by a rabid dog. The result of this study showed that there is some knowledge gap in the knowledge of rabies among stakeholders in the study area. Periodic mass rabies awareness campaigns to improve the perception of the disease in the study area is indicated.
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    Cross Sectional Study of Brucellosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Abattoirs within the Transit City of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, 2019) Aiyedun, J. O.; Odetunde, F. O.; Oludairo, O.O.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Daodu, O. B.; Nwoha, R. I. O.
    Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonosis in the world; it is highly contagious and caused by a group of organisms in the genus Brucella. The disease remains endemic in Nigeria and its actual incidence and prevalence are unknown due to both inadequate surveillance and systems of reporting outbreaks. This study was designed to determine the sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Ilorin, Kwara State, a gateway to states, and countries engaging in livestock trades within and around Nigeria. A total of 224 blood samples were randomly collected from cattle slaughtered at the two metropolitan abattoirs in the city. The study employed a combination of 2 serological techniques; the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and the Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SAT). Of the 224 cattle screened, 10.71% tested positive with Rose Bengal Antigen, while 11.16% tested positive for Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SATT). Prevalence was higher in cows (11.44%) than in bulls (8.69%). There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of bovine brucellosis and any of the variables examined. However, the overall prevalence (11.16%) observed in the study was significant. Thus, the need for drastic public health interventions/control measures on brucellosis in the livestock industry in Nigeria.
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    Cross-Sectional Study of Brucellosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Abattoir within the Transit City of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Abuja., 2019) Aiyedun, J. O.; Odetunde, F. O.; Oludairo, O. O.; Olorunshola, I. D.; Daodu, O. B.; Nwoha, R. I. O.
    Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonosis in the world; it is highly contagious and caused by a group of organisms in the genus Brucella. The disease remains endemic in Nigeria and its actual incidence and prevalence are unknown due to both inadequate surveillance and systems of reporting outbreaks. This study was designed to determine the sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Ilorin, Kwara State, a gateway to states, and countries engaging in livestock trades within and around Nigeria. A total of 224 blood samples were randomly collected from cattle slaughtered at the two metropolitan abattoirs in the city. The study employed a combination of 2 serological techniques; the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and the Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SAT). Of the 224 cattle screened, 10.71% tested positive with Rose Bengal Antigen, while 11.16% tested positive for Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SATT). Prevalence was higher in cows (11.44%) than in bulls (8.69%). There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of bovine brucellosis and any of the variables examined. However, the overall prevalence (11.16%) observed in the study was significant. Thus, the need for drastic public health interventions/control measures on brucellosis in the livestock industry in Nigeria.
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    Improving Awareness and Preventive Activities about Rabies in Ifelodun Local Government Area, Kwara State and Aba South Local Government Area, Abia State, Nigeria.
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan., 2022) Aiyedun, J. O.; Nwoha, R. I. O.; Oludairo, O. O.; Daodu, O. B.; Akanbi, O. B.
    Rabies is an ancient disease of poor and vulnerable communities and is responsible for many human deaths in Africa and Asia. The rate at which cases of rabies are reported in the media, veterinary clinics and human hospitals is increasingly high. Although rabies is highly feared, yet public awareness and knowledge of its risk factors are still very poor in Nigeria. The low level of the knowledge of the disease has negatively affected the elimination of rabies in the country. The aim of this study was to impact members of the selected communities with knowledge about rabies. Rabies awareness campaign was carried out in Ifelodun Local Government Area of Kwara State and Aba South Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria from July to September 2019 using public address system to communicate, inform and educate youths and adults in schools, churches, mosques, markets, town halls and community centers in the study areas. Questionnaire was thereafter administered to collect data on rabies awareness and anti-rabies vaccination for dogs. The study revealed general acceptance of members of the communities to the educational awareness campaigns carried out in the study areas. This was also reflected in the respondents’ knowledge that rabies is a deadly disease (69%) transmitted majorly by dogs (73%) and predominantly through bite (86.6%). The government at all levels should sponsor and incorporate rabies education into free mass dog vaccination programs. We recommend that government should support regular rabies campaign in addition to mass dog vaccination programs and consider subsidy on anti-rabies vaccine for the successful elimination of rabies in Nigeria.
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    Major Emerging Viral Zoonosis Reported in Nigeria: A Review.
    (Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Abuja, 2021) Aiyedun, J. O.; Oludairo, O. O.; Nwoha, R. I. O.; Daodu, O. B.
    This review paper is aimed to provide comprehensive information on emerging and re-emerging viral zoonoses, factors contributing to the emergence and re-emergence of these diseases and prevention and control measures against these viral zoonotic diseases. Emerging zoonoses like avian influenza, ebola virus disease and Lassa fever are those infections, in which the incidence in humans and animals have either increased during the last two decades or threaten to increase shortly. Re-emerging zoonoses like rabies are those that have reappeared after a significant decline in their incidence. Emerging and re-emerging diseases are causing devastating effects nationally and internationally, with millions of people infected and billions of money spent. The factors contributing to the emergence and re-emergence of zoonoses are viral adaptation, antigenic drift and shift, climatic conditions, international travel, globalization and trade. To prevent both human and animal deaths and to avoid potential economic burdens associated with emerging and re-emerging viral zoonotic diseases, there should be good control and prevention methods for these diseases such as good epidemiological survey, improved diagnostic facility, avoidance of global warming and working in collaboration with all stakeholders.