Browsing by Author "Njinga, N. S"
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Item Antimicrobial activities of volatile oils of Ocimum gratissimum, Eucalyptus citriodora and Cymbopogon citratus against organisms isolated from Nigerian currency notes(Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources by by Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria., 2023-02-19) Ayinde, B. A; Bello, R. H; David, M. S; Olawoye, O.I; Lawal, B. A; Abdullahi, A. A; Attah, F. A; Usman, S. O; Njinga, N. SNaira notes are means of exchange for goods and services that may act as fomites in the transmission of pathogens. This study determined the identities of microorganisms isolated from notes and their susceptibilities to antibiotics and volatile oils of Ocimum gratissimum, Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus citriodora. Fifteen notes (₦50-₦500) obtained from two Ilorin markets were soaked in sterile water and loopful of each sample was inoculated onto appropriate agar plates. Isolates were identified using standard methods, confirmed with Identification System and Mycological Atlas. Disc and agar diffusion methods were employed for susceptibility tests and positive controls were Ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. S. aureus (42%) was the most prevalent bacteria, Serratia odorifera (11.1%) including Aspergillus niger (1) while some had multiple bacteria. The isolates exhibited 100% resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate (100%), ceftazidime (57%), sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim (43%) and 100% sensitivity to gentamicin. All S. aureus isolates were methicillin resistant – MRSA and vancomycin susceptible while A. niger exhibited 100% sensitivity to fluconazole. The volatile oil of C. citratus exhibited highest growth inhibitory effects with MBC and MIC of 3.13-0.39 and 1.56-0.39 mg/mL respectively; the oil of E. citriodora exhibited the least activity. This oil can be used as antiseptics against Naira fomites.Item Phytochemical, elemental, antioxidant, antimicrobial and hypoglycemic studies of a mixed herbal product used for the management of diabetics.(Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources., 2018-09) Bakare-Odunola, M. T; Njinga, N. S; Ayanniyi, R. O; Bello, M. K; Abdullahi, S. T; Eniayewu, O. I; Abdulmajeed, F. F; Bello, R. HMedicinal plants are important sources of disease-preventing compounds, which are important for the treatment of various health challenges such as diabetes. On an aqueous extract of a herbal product (HP) used for the management of diabetes, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and AlCl3 method respectively. Microbiological evaluation was done by determining the total viable, yeast, mould and coliform bacteria count. The elemental analysis was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometer. The acute toxicity was done using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline while the hypoglycemic activity was evaluated using alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Flavonoids, saponins, alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, steroids and terpenoids were detected in the HP. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents obtained was 1.58±0.001mg/g quercetin equivalent and 10.84±0.003 mg/g gallic acid equivalent respectively. Heavy metals Fe and Zn were present while Cu, Cd, Cr and Pb were absent. Na and K were also present at concentrations of 3.90 and 2.20mg·kg−1 respectively. The total viable and coliform counts were found to be 1.34 x 105and 9.0 x 104 cfu/g respectively while there was absence of mould and yeast in the HP. The LD50 of the HP was found to be above 5000 mg/kg. At dose of 125 mg/kg, the HP significantly (P<005) reduced glucose level to 143 mg/dL after 4 hours and to 123 mg/dL after 8 hours. The phytochemicals present, safety and the anti-diabetic activity justify the use of this HP in the management of diabetes.