Browsing by Author "Muhammad, M., Y."

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Item
    Large Scale Spectrum Survey in Rural and Urban Environments within the 50 MHz- 6 GHz Bands
    (Elsevier- Measurements, 2016-05-12) Faruk, Nasir; Bello, O., W; Sowande, O., A.; Onidare, S., O.; Muhammad, M., Y.; Ayeni, A., A.
    In-depth spectrum measurement was conducted in rural and urban locations, covering 50 MHz–6 GHz bands, during the weekdays and weekends. A modified duty cycle metric is presented by introducing a space variable into the existing metrics available today. An adaptive energy detection threshold technique was employed, the results indicate the average spectral occupancy of 0.18%, and 5.08% in rural and urban locations respectively during weekdays and 1.45% on weekends for urban locations. Furthermore, short and long term temporal variations of the duty cycle for each of the bands were studied, and it was found that GSM 900 shows significant temporal variation when compared with GSM 1800. It was also found that the choice of the detection threshold would significantly affect the duty cycle as GSM 900 and 1800 give exponential decay with increase in detection threshold while TV band shows very sharp exponential decay which becomes invariant after 85 dBm.
  • Item
    Short-Term Variation of Duty Cycle in the VHF and UHF Bands
    (IEEE, 2015-12-21) Babalola, O., D.; Garba, Emorseh; Temitope, O., I.; Bamiduro, A., S.; Faruk, Nasir; Sowande, olugbenga , A.; Bello, Olayiwola , W.; Ayeni, A.,A.; Muhammad, M., Y.
    worrisome with respect to scarce resources of the radio spectrum. TV bands, spanning across has being in existence for quite a while now and much of the frequency bands, within these range, have been allocated to FM stations, TV stations and DTV stations in Nigeria. In this paper we conducted a 24-hours outdoor measurement of spectrum occupancy in both rural and urban locations in Kwara State, Nigeria, spanning across the frequency range of 48.5 MHz – 870 MHz. The results obtained show that TV band 3 was the most occupied TV band in both rural and urban areas, with occupancy of up 20.26% and 37.27% respectively. Also the mean average of the duty cycle in the urban location is 12.02% compared to 2.58% in the rural locations. Findings from this measurements show that there is ample opportunity for deployment of software defined radio for a more efficient utilization of the spectrum.
  • Item
    Spectrum occupancy measurements in the TV and CDMA bands
    (IEEE, 2015-12-21) Babalola, O.,D.; Garba, E.; Temitope, O.,I.; Bamiduro, A.,S.; Faruk, Nasir; sowande, olugbenga, A.,; Bello, O., W.; Ayeni, A. , A.; Muhammad, M., Y.
    Continuous demand, by end users, has become an issue with respect to the scarce resources of radio frequency spectrum. In this paper we conducted a 24-hour outdoor measurement of spectrum occupancy, in both rural and urban areas in Kwara State, Nigeria, spanning across the frequency range of 48.5 MHz – 880 MHz. The results obtained show that the mean average duty cycle for TV bands 1-4 and CDMA band in rural and urban locations are 2.58 % and 12.02% and 0.25% and 3.13% respectively. Findings from this measurements show that there is ample opportunity for deployment of cognitive radio for a more efficient utilization of the spectrum.