Browsing by Author "Mokuolu, O.A."
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Item Acute Kidney Injuries in Children with Severe Malaria: A comparative study of diagnostic criteria based on serum cystatin C and creatinine levels(College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat, Oman, 2020) Afolayan, FM; Adedoyin, OT; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Ibrahim, O.R.; Biliaminu, S.A.; Mokuolu, O.A.; Ojuawo, A.Objectives: Serum creatinine levels are often used to diagnose acute kidney injury (AKI), but may not necessarily accurately reflect changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study aimed to compare the prevalence of AKI in children with severe malaria using diagnostic criteria based on creatinine values in contrast to cystatin C. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was performed between June 2016 and May 2017 at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. A total of 170 children aged 0.5–14 years old with severe malaria were included. Serum cystatin C levels were determined using a particle-enhanced immunoturbidmetric assay method, while creatinine levels were measured using the Jaffe reaction. Renal function assessed using cystatin C-derived estimated GFR (eGFR) was compared to that measured using three sets of criteria based on creatinine values including the Kidney Disease: Improved Global Outcomes (KDIGO) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria as well as an absolute creatinine cut-off value of >1.5 mg/dL. Results: Mean serum cystatin C and creatinine levels were 1.77 ± 1.37 mg/L and 1.23 ± 1.80 mg/dL, respectively (P = 0.002). According to the KDIGO, WHO and absolute creatinine criteria, the frequency of AKI was 32.4%, 7.6% and 16.5%, respectively. In contrast, the incidence of AKI based on cystatin C-derived eGFR was 51.8%. Overall, the rate of detection of AKI was significantly higher using cystatin C compared to the KDIGO, WHO and absolute creatinine criteria (P = 0.003, <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Diagnostic criteria for AKI based on creatinine values may not indicate the actual burden of disease in children with severe malaria.Item Alleviating Water Shortages in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria(Federal University of Technology, Lafia, Nigeria, 2015) Mokuolu, O.A.; Sojobi, A.; Ayanshola, A.M.Adequate water supply is a necessity to life and an essential infrastructure in a major tertiary Hospital. This study looks into the current situation and future solution to the shortage of water experienced in the University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Total water demand was 332m3/d. considering immediate future expansion; water demand was put at 400 m3/d. Source of water was borehole yielding about 115 m3/d when working at maximum capacity, total of 20m3 water was supplied by 2 water tankers per day revealing a shortfall of 197 m3/d. Possible solutions were examined using Linsley adapted method: Surface water or river intake, direct supply from existing sources and construction of dams. Their various merits and de-merits were examined and the most appropriate to meet current and future demand was selected for intervention. Construction of additional boreholes, adequate maintenance and monitoring were recommended.Item Assessment of Quality Status of Soils around Dumpsites in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria.(Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin., 2020) Iji, J.O.; Mokuolu, O.A.; Abdulkadir, T.S.; Oluwaseun, O.V.Item Determination of glomerular filtration rate using cystatin C in healthy Nigerian newborns(Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, 2019) Ibrahim, O.R.; Soladoye, A.O; Adeodyin, O.T; Mokuolu, O.A.; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Biliaminu, S.A.Background: The value of Cystatin C as a biomarker of Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) among African newborns is unknown, due to paucity of studies, restricting the measurement of GFR in this population of newborns to creatinine clearance despite its limitations. This study was therefore conducted to estimate GFR from serum Cystatin C in a population of Nigerian newborns and explored the relationship with anthropometrics. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytical study. A total of 60 healthy preterm and 30 healthy term babies were recruited at a tertiary hospital in North-central, Nigeria. Serum Cystatin C was determined using ELISA according to standard methods. Anthropometric measurements were done with standard methods. The GFR was estimated using Zappitelli’s equation. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20, and p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean serum Cystatin C was 1.20 ± 0.33 (range 0.80–2.20) mg/L with comparable values in males and females (1.19 ± 0.35 vs 1.15 ± 0.31 mg/L, p = 0.481)). Mean serum Cystatin C among preterm babies were higher than term babies (1.31 ± 0.36 vs 1.01 ± 0.11 mg/L, p = < 0.001). Mean estimated GFR was 65.36 ± 16.9 ml/min/1.732 and was comparable in males and females (64.39 ± 17.95 vs 66.52 ± 15.76 ml/min/1.73 m2 ,p = 0.555). Estimated GFR was lower among preterm than term babies (60.10 ± 17.53 vs 75.89 ± 9.1 ml/min/1.73 m2 , p = < 0.001). Serum cystatin C and estimated GFR moderately correlated with gestational age and anthropometrics (length, occipitofrontal circumference and weight). Conclusions: Serum cystatin C as a biomarker GFR among newborns is low compared with most studies done out of Africa. The serum cystatin C and estimated GFR correlated with the gestational age and anthropometric parameters. The findings relationship between the serum Cystatin C, estimated GFR and anthropometrics among the newborns suggested a need for more studies.Item Efficacy of Artemisinin-Based Combination Treatments of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Under-Five-Year-Old Nigerian Children Ten Years Following Adoption as First-Line Antimalarials(The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2018) Ebenebe, J.C.; Ntadom, G; Ambe, J; Wammanda, R; Jiya, N; Finomo, F; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Mokuolu, O.A.Item Groundwater quality assessment near a Nigerian dumpsite(African Journals Online, 2017) Mokuolu, O.A.; Jacob, S.O.; Ayanshola, A.M.Item Groundwater use near an Open Dumpsite in a Peri-urban Community.(Widener University School of Engineering, 2020) Iji, J.O.; Mokuolu, O.A.; Olaniyi, I.Item Incidence and predictors of acute kidney injury in children with severe malaria(Indonesian Paediatric Society, Indonesia, 2022) Afolayan, FM; Adedoyin, OT; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Ibrahim, O.R.; Biliaminu, S.A.; Mokuolu, O.A.; Ojuawo, ABackground Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an underrecognized complication of severe malaria and an independent risk factor for mortality among children. Objective To determine the incidence and factors predictive of AKI as defined by the pediatric risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage (pRIFLE) criteria in children with severe malaria and to assess in hospital mortality rates in malarial AKI (MAKI). Methods This was a prospective cohort study in 170 children aged 0.5 to 14 years with confirmed Plasmodium falciparum on peripheral blood smears and clinical and/or laboratory features of severe ma laria. Serum creatinine was determined using the Jaffe method and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using the Schwartz equation. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI as defined by the pRIFLE criteria. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality comparison between AKI and non-AKI groups, as well as factors predictive of AKI. Results The incidence of MAKI was 61.2% and was comparable between males (66.7%) and females (70.6%). Mean eGFR was lower among children with AKI than those without [42.00 (SD 22) vs. 98.7 (SD 3.9) mL/min/1.73m2, respectively; P=0.005]. Children with MAKI were categorized as having risk (47/104; 45.2%), injury (33/104; 31.7%), or failure (24/104; 23.1%). Mortality rates in AKI and non-AKI subjects were comparable (4.8% vs. 4.6%; P=0.888). Predictors of MAKI were hemoglo binuria [adjusted OR (aOR) 3.948; 95%CI 1.138 to 8.030], deep acidotic breathing (aOR 2.991; 95%CI 3.549 to 66.898), and longer hospital stay (aOR 2.042; 95%CI 3.617 to 12.156). Children with MAKI were more likely to have a longer hospital stay by a mean of 2.5 days. Conclusion Acute kidney injury is a common complication in chil dren with severe malaria. Children with MAKI have a mortality rate comparable to those with severe malaria but without AKI. Hemoglobinuria, deep acidotic breathing, and longer hospital stay were predictive of MAKIItem Oscillometric blood pressure profile and anthropometric indices among healthy school children in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria(Saudi Journal for Health Sciences, 2018) Ibrahim, O.R.; Adedoyin, O.T.; Ojuawo, A; Afolabi, Joseph Kolawole; Mokuolu, O.A.; Abdulkadir, Mohammed BabaContext: Oscillometric devices are preferred method for measuring blood pressure (BP) among children. Aims: This study measured BP among school‑age children using a validated oscillometric device (Omron 705 IT®) and correlated the findings with the anthropometric parameters, with a view to determine the predictors of BP. Settings and Design: This was a cross‑sectional, descriptive study. A multistage stratified random sampling technique was used in the selection of pupils from primary schools in Ilorin, Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: Two serial BPs were measured used using Omron 705 IT® with appropriate cuffs using “the fourth report” guideline and standard methods were used for measurement of anthropometrics. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 1745 primary school‑aged children comprising of 873 males and 872 females were recruited. Anthropometric parameters were comparable between males and females. Mean systolic and diastolic BPs were 103.8 ± 11.0 mmHg and 61.3 ± 8.4 mmHg, respectively. Mean systolic BP was lower in males compared with females (102.9 ± 10.6 mmHg vs. 104.7 ± 11.3 mmHg, respectively, P = 0.001). Mean diastolic BP in males was lower compared with females (60.7 ± 8.3 mmHg vs. 61.8 ± 8.5 mmHg, P = 0.009). Most of the anthropometric parameters correlated with the BPs. Independent predictor of BP was weight, height, and body mass index (BMI), P < 0.001. Conclusions: There was a weak correlation between the oscillometric BPs and anthropometric parameters with weight, height, and BMI been the independent predictors of BP.Item Predictors of Bacterial Co-Infection and Outcome in Children with Severe Malaria in Ilorin, Nigeria(West African College of Physicians, 2021) Oyuawo, A; Mokuolu, O.A.; Adegboye, A; Ojuawo, O; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Olanipekun, BBACKGROUND: Severe malaria is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria and concomitant bacteraemia may potentially worsen clinical outcomes. (Duration of admission, Mortality, Fever clearance time and Coma recovery time) OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at identifying the proportion of children with severe malaria who had concomitant bacteremia, the pathogens implicated and their drug sensitivity pattern, predictors of bacterial co-infection and its effect on treatment outcome. METHODS: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study at the Emergency Paediatric Unit of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. The subjects were children aged 6 months to 14 years with severe malaria and microscopy confirmed parasitemia at admission. All subjects had blood culture samples drawn at admission for identification of bacterial isolates. Relevant clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded on case proformas. RESULTS: A total of 944 children were admitted into the Emergency Paediatric Unit during the study period with 176 (18.6%) managed for severe malaria. Of the 176 children with severe malaria, 41 (23.3%) had concomitant bacteraemia. Gram positive bacteria were the most common (70.7%) isolates with Staphylococcus aureus being the most predominant (65.9%). The bacterial isolates were mostly sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. Children with concomitant bacteraemia had a longer duration of admission (p = 0.028) and longer fever clearance time (p=0.015). Increasing duration of coma before presentation was the single independent predictor of bacteraemia (p= 0.010). CONCLUSION: Severe malaria constituted a significant cause of admissions in UITH with approximately a fourth of the subjects having bacterial co-infection and this was associated with a worse prognosis (longer duration of admission and fever clearance time). Increased duration of coma prior to admission was the only predictor of the presence of bacteraemia in children with severe malaria. This highlights the importance of investigating for concomitant bacteraemia, especially in children presenting with comaItem Prioritization of Adaptation Strategies for Water Supply and Demand under Climate Change and its Variability in Abuja, Nigeria(Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, 2016) Ayanshola, Ayanniyi Mufutau; Jacob, S.O.; Bilewu, S.O; Salami, A.W.; Mokuolu, O.A.Climate change and its impact has become a global and prime event of the 21st century. Its effects on almost all spheres of human existence are worrisome and the low awareness and complete disregard for its causes, impacts and adaptation strategies call for an urgent solution. One of its effects is a sharp variability in available water resources for human use. Created in 1976 and with a current population of over 1.6 million, Abuja, Nigeria’s capital city has a growing water supply deficit; occasioned by several factors including climate change. To mitigate the deficiency occasioned by climate change, this study has considered some adaptation strategies and prioritized them. A survey was conducted with the use of a structured questionnaire and hydro-metrological data was also gathered from various relevant agencies. By applying the Analytical Hierarchy Process as a Multicriteria Decision method in the comparison of suitable adaptation strategies, the manager’s strategy of sourcing for an additional water resources had the highest priority vector of 0.4348 while the professional strategy of raising awareness to enhance consumer behavioural change was next with a vector of 0.3097. These two methods are thus recommended to mitigate against the effect of climate change on the water supply deficit in Abuja, Nigeria. The use of water saving devices ranked lowest and thus should be considered as the least attractive option.Item Solid Waste Generation and Characterization in Ilorin, Nigeria.(Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, 2021) Iji, J.O.; Mokuolu, O.A.; Aremu, S.A.Item Unusual occurrence of congenital hypothyroidism in a set of same sex triplets: Challenges of diagnosis in a resource poor setting(Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2015) Abdulkadir, Mohammed; Obasa, T.O.; Ogunkanbi, S.O.; Adeboye, M.A.N; Adesiyun, O.O; Mokuolu, O.A.Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common endocrinological disorder in children. Genetic and intrauterine factors have been implicated in its aetiology. The aim of this study was to describe an unusual occurrence of congenital hypothyroidism in a set of same sex triplets and challenges associated with the diagnosis. This is a review of a set of female triplets delivered at 34 weeks gestational age and noticed to have reduced activity, hypotonia and poor suck. On testing for thyroid hormones the patients were found to be hypothyroid. However this diagnosis was delayed until the 6th week of life as a result of difficulties in running the test. The subjects of the study were placed on thyroxine supplementation and have been doing well. Congenital hypothyroidism can occur in multiple order pregnancies and clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for its occurrence.