Browsing by Author "Lawal, Bilqis A."
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Item Evaluation of the Antisickling Potentials of Calliandra Portoricensis (Jacq) Benth (Mimosaceae) Root: Hemoglobin Polymerization Inhibition Activity(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015) Lawal, Bilqis A.; Moody, Jones O.Background: Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq) Benth (Mimosaceae) has been used in the traditional management of several diseases. An ethnobotanical survey conducted in the Ilorin-West and Irepodun Local Government Areas of Kwara State has indicated that the roots of Calliandra portoricensis are also useful in the management of sickle cell disease. Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the antisickling property of the root of Calliandra portoricensis, using the hemoglobin polymerization inhibition assay. Method: The crude extract and the solvent-partitioned fractions of C. portoricensis root were evaluated for antisickling activities by the hemoglobin polymerization inhibition assay using sodium metabisulphite (BDH) as the reductant, and normal saline and phenylalanine (1.65 mg / mL) as controls. The most active fraction was then purified using column chromatography and the pooled chromatographic fractions were similarly evaluated for antisickling activity. Results: All the solvent-partitioned fractions of C. portoricensis showed a high percentage inhibition of hemoglobin polymerization at 5 mg/mL with the ethyl acetate fraction showing the highest percentage inhibition of 98.97 ± 1.62 % The pooled chromatographic fraction C3 containing two compounds (Rf value: 0.71, 0.83); (ethyl acetate: acetone: water 7: 2: 1) exhibited the highest polymerization inhibition activity of 96.57 ± 4.06 % at 5 mg/mL. Conclusion: This study provides some justification for the use of C. portoricensis root in the management of sickle cell disease.Item Novel cholinesterase inhibitory effect of α-spinasterol isolated from the leaves of Acacia auriculiformis A. CUNN Ex. Benth (Fabaceae)(Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2020-07) Lawal, Bilqis A.; Udobre, Aniefiok; Elufioye, Taiwo O.; Ahmadu, Augustine A.; Olanipekun, BolatitoPurpose: To investigate the in vitro anticholinesterase, α-glucosidase and antioxidant activities of α- spinasterol isolated from Acacia auriculiformis leaves. Methods: The powdered leaves of Acacia auriculiformis were extracted with 70 % ethanol and the dried hydroalcoholic extract was suspended in water and partitioned with ethyl acetate and n-butanol to give their soluble fractions. The in vitro inhibitory activities of α-spinasterol were determined against cholinesterase and, α-glucosidase enzymes, and free radical scavenging potentials using (1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydarzyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis (3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) antioxidant assays. Results: The compound, α-spinasterol, exhibited moderate anticholinesterase activity (IC50 value of 44.19±2.59 μg/mL which was significantly different at (p < 0.05) when compared to the standard galanthamine (IC50 value of 1.73 ± 1.10 μg/mL). It also displayed a good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 8.65 ± 1.71μg/mL which was not significantly different when compared to the standard, acarbose with IC50 value of 2.79±0.81 μg/mL. This compound, however, exhibited weak free radical scavenging activities at 26.93 ± 0.00 and 35.16 ±.0.26 % inhibition of DPPH+ and ABTS+ radicals as compared to ascorbic acid and Trolox (73.88 ± 0.04 and 99.82 ± 0.00%) respectively. Conclusion: The results show that α-spinasterol isolated from Acacia auriculiformis exerts potent inhibitory effect against cholinesterase enzyme which might serve as a lead in the search for drugs against Alzheimer disease and diabetes mellitus.Item Phytochemical screening and in vivo antidiabetic evaluation of 1:1 combination of the leaf extracts of Heliotropium indicum L. (Boraginaceae) and Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev. (Loganiaceae)(West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists, 2020-12) Lawal, Bilqis A.; Ayanniyi, Rashidat O.; Ojuade, Fatimoh I.; Usman, Sukurat O.; Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah A.; Salawu, Kayode M.; Njinga, Ngaitad S.; *Agunu, AbdulkarimBackground: Diabetes is a leading cause of death globally. In many part of developing nations herbal medicines are often used singly or in combination for the management of diabetes. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity, anti-diabetic and anti-dyslipidemic effects of Heliotropium indicum (HI) and Anthocleista djalonensis (AD) used singly and in combination. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening was also carried out. Methods: The plant extracts were screened for their cytotoxicity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA). Hyperglycaemia was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) and confirmed; the hyperglycaemic rats were grouped and various doses of HI and AD extracts administered singly and in combination once a day for 14 days with oral cannular. Blood glucose of various groups was measured on days 0, 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14. The lipid profile was also determined. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluation was carried out using standard procedures. Results: The combination of extracts showed more toxic effect compared to individual extracts. The combination of leaf extracts of HI and AD (in ratio 1:1) produced significant reduction of blood glucose at 400 mg/kg (p<0.05) on day 14 while this combination also produced a significant (p<0.05) reduction in serum phospholipids at 200 and 400 mg/kg. Phytochemical screening of the methanol leaf extract of AD revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids and tannins while alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids were absent in HI. Conclusion: The administration of extract of HI and AD singly produced significant reduction in blood glucose and found to be safe. The methanol leaf extract of HI and AD combination also produced significant reduction in blood glucose and serum phospholipids but was found to be toxic. Hence, combined used of HI and AD should be discouraged because of increased of toxicity.Item Phytochemical screening and in vivo antidiabetic evaluation of 1:1 combination of the leaf extracts of Heliotropium indicum L. (Boraginaceae) and Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev. (Loganiaceae).(West African Journal of Pharmacy, 2020) Lawal, Bilqis A.; Ayanniyi, Rashidat O.; Ojuade, Fatimoh I.; Usman, Sukurat O.; Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah A.; Salawu, Kayode M.; Njinga, Ngaitad S.; Agunu, AbdulkarimBackground: Diabetes is a leading cause of death globally. In many part of developing nations herbal medicines are often used singly or in combination for the management of diabetes. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity, anti-diabetic and anti-dyslipidemic effects of Heliotropium indicum (HI) and Anthocleista djalonensis (AD) used singly and in combination. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening was also carried out. Methods: The plant extracts were screened for their cytotoxicity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA). Hyperglycaemia was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) and confirmed; the hyperglycaemic rats were grouped and various doses of HI and AD extracts administered singly and in combination once a day for 14 days with oral cannular. Blood glucose of various groups was measured on days 0, 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14. The lipid profile was also determined. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluation was carried out using standard procedures. Results: The combination of extracts showed more toxic effect compared to individual extracts. The combination of leaf extracts of HI and AD (in ratio 1:1) produced significant reduction of blood glucose at 400 mg/kg (p<0.05) on day 14 while this combination also produced a significant (p<0.05) reduction in serum phospholipids at 200 and 400 mg/kg. Phytochemical screening of the methanol leaf extract of AD revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids and tannins while alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids were absent in HI. Conclusion: The administration of extract of HI and AD singly produced significant reduction in blood glucose and found to be safe. The methanol leaf extract of HI and AD combination also produced significant reduction in blood glucose and serum phospholipids but was found to be toxic. Hence, combined used of HI and AD should be discouraged because of increased of toxicity.Item A Survey of Plants used in Treatment of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017) Agunu, Abdulkarim; Lawal, Bilqis A.; Akande, Azeez A.Background: Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus have emerged as the leading non-communicable disease worldwide, thus, the increasing need to continuously explore more and better ways of treating these diseases. Objectives: To carry out a survey of plants used in the treatment of hypertension and Diabetes mellitus in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: Interview was conducted among respondents using semi-structured questionnaires and asking open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Result: A total of 30 respondents comprising of 60.0% male and 40.0% female with the highest distribution of age range at above 50 years old (50.0%) was reported. Forty (40) medicinal plant species belonging to thirty-one (31) plant families were cited with the Apocynaceae family having the highest number of medicinal plants, followed by Asteraceae. For hypertension, 32 plant species were reported of which the most cited were Allium sativum (4) and Ficus asperifolia (2) while for Diabetes mellitus, 20 plant species were mentioned, of which the most cited were Hunteria umbellata (10) and Vernonia amygdalina (9). Of particular interest in this study were the plants that appeared for both hypertension and Diabetes treatment. Conclusion: This survey has helped to increase available medicinal plants knowledge and documentation in the management of hypertension and Diabetes. However, further work on the pharmacological activity of these plants as well as formulation in proper dosage form is recommended.Item Tetrahydroxy Flavone from Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn Ex Benth. (Fabaceae) with Novel Kinase Activity.(Pharmacognosy Journal, 2019-04) Ahmadu, Augustine A.; Lawal, Bilqis A.; Haruna, Anas; Mustapha, LukmanBackground: The decoctions of the bark of Acacia auriculiformis are used in folkloric medicine to relieve pain and inflammation and as remedy for cancer. Objective: The aim of this work is to screen the extract and fractions of Acacia auriculiformis for protein kinase inhibitory activity and also to isolate and characterize chemical entities from this plant and evaluate their protein kinase inhibitory activity. Materials and Methods: Kinase inhibitory activity were assayed in appropriate buffer, with either protein or peptide as substrate in the presence of 15μM (33-P) ATP (3,000Ci/mmol; 10mCi/ml) in a final volume of 30μL. Controls were performed with appropriate dilutions of dimethyl sulphoxide. A portion of the Chloroform extract, ethylacetate and n-butanol soluble fractions of the stem bark of Acacia auriculiformis were screened against a panel of disease-related protein kinases and the active fractions was tested over a wide range of concentrations from 0.016 to 50μg/ml and the IC50 values were determined from the dose response curve. The most active fraction was subjected to chromatographic separation using Silica gel G column chromatography and sephadex LH-20 to give compound I. The structure of the isolated compound was elucidated using NMR and LCMS. Results: The Primary screening of the extract and fractions showed that the chloroform extract was inactive against all the protein kinases investigated, while the ethylacetate and n-butanol soluble fractions inhibited all the protein kinases tested. Compound I also inhibited all the kinases tested. The IC50 of the active fractions and compound were also evaluated. Ethylacetate fraction inhibited all the kinases tested with the highest activity against Haspine kinase with IC50 of 1.0 μg/ml, while n-butanol also gave the highest activity against Haspine kinase with 1C50 of 1.3 μg/ml. From the active ethylacetate fractions 3, 4’, 7, 8- tetrahydroxy flavone was isolated. The Compound exhibited the maximal activity against DYRK1A kinase with an IC50 of 2.05 μg/ml followed by CDK9 with an IC50 of 2.28 μg/ml. Conclusion: 3, 4’,7, 8- tetrahydroxy flavone was isolated was found to be a DYRK1A and CDK9 inhibitor which might justify the anticancer potential of this plant.