Browsing by Author "Kola-Mustapha, Adeola"

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    Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Uropathogens isolated from pregnant women in selected hospitals in Ilorin
    (Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. Published by Nigerian Association of Pharmacists in Academia (NAPA), 2019) Olufadi-Ahmed, Haishat; Aliyu, Abdulmalik; David, M; Kola-Mustapha, Adeola; Diyaolu, Ayobami
    Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections among pregnant women and if untreated could lead to serious complications. Objective: This work was carried out to determine the prevalence rate of Enterobacteriaceae uropathogens and their antibiotics susceptibility profile among pregnant women attending two ante-natal clinics in Ilorin, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 111 pregnant women between the ages of 18-50 attending ante-natal clinic at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital and Civil Service Hospital, Ilorin participated in the study. Mid-stream urine samples were collected and cultured on Cysteine-Lactose-Electrolyte Deficient agar. Presence of significant bacteriuria (> 105 cfu/mL) was determined using the plate count method. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Results: Of the 111 urine samples collected, 27.9% of them were found positive on culture. Among the isolated organisms, Klebsiella oxytoca (25.7%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (22.9%), were the most prevalent. Isolated bacteria were resistant to at least one antibiotic with the highest resistance seen with amoxicillin (94.3%), streptomycin (77.1%) and nitrofurantoin (54. 3%). Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (51.4%), ceftriaxone (51.4%), ceftazidime (34.3%), cotrimoxazole (51.4%), imipenem (2.9%), ciprofloxacin (14.3%) and gentamicin (25.7%) have the lowest rate of bacteria resistance. Of the isolates, 82.9% showed Multi-Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) ≥ 0.3. Conclusion: High prevalence of bacteriuria in both symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women was observed in the study areas. The alarming rate of multi-antibiotic resistance strain is therefore an indicator of a serious clinical problem in the community.
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    Controlled electrostatic self-assembly of ibuprofen-cationic dextran nanoconjugates prepared by low energy green process – a novel delivery tool for poorly soluble drugs
    (Pharmaceutical Research, 2015-06) Abioye, Amos Olusegun; Kola-Mustapha, Adeola
    PURPOSE: The direct effect of electrostatic interaction between ibuprofen and cationic dextran on the system-specific physicochemical parameters and intrinsic dissolution characteristics of ibuprofen was evaluated in order to develop drug-polymer nanoconjugate as a delivery strategy for poorly soluble drugs. METHODS: Amorphous ibuprofen-DEAE dextran (Ddex) nanoconjugate was prepared using a low energy, controlled amphiphile-polyelectrolyte electrostatic self-assembly technique optimized by ibuprofen critical solubility and Ddex charge screening. Physicochemical characteristics of the nanoconjugates were evaluated using FTIR, DSC, TGA, NMR and SEM relative to pure ibuprofen. The in vitro release profiles and mechanism of ibuprofen release were determined using mathematical models including zero and first order kinetics; Higuchi; Hixson-Crowell and Korsmeyer-Peppas. RESULTS: Electrostatic interaction between ibuprofen and Ddex was confirmed with FT-IR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The broad and diffused DSC peaks of the nanoconjugate as well as the disappearance of ibuprofen melting peak provided evidence for their highly amorphous state. Low concentrations of Ddex up to 1.0 × 10(-6) g/dm(3) enhanced dissolution of ibuprofen to a maximum of 81.32% beyond which retardation occurred steadily. Multiple release mechanisms including diffusion; discrete drug dissolution; anomalous transport and super case II transport were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Controlled assembly of ibuprofen and Ddex produced a novel formulation with potential extended drug release dictated by Ddex concentration.
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    Formulation of Vernonia amygdalina and Calotropis procera Leaf Extracts into a Cream for the Management of Skin Infections
    (West African Journal of Pharmacy (West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists), 2017) Kola-Mustapha, Adeola; Ghazali, Yusuf; Iranloye, Titus
    Background: The incidence of skin infections in West Africa and in fact globally continues to increase at an alarming rate. Objective: This study was carried out to formulate the methanol extracts from Vernonia amygdalina and Calotropis procera into a topical cream for the treatment and management of skin infections. Method: Each extract was tested and thereafter combined in ratios 0:1, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1 and 1:0 Vernonia: Calotropis (V: C). The best extract combination based on results of zones of inhibition was then formulated into modified aqueous, cetomacrogol and vanishing cream bases. The creams were formulated at an extract concentration of 2.5, 5 and 10% w/w in the bases. The creams were further assessed for their physical and chemical properties. Antimicrobial activities of the creams were examined by the agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton rubrum. A combination of ketoconazole and neomycin was used as control. Results: The creams exhibited zones of inhibition ranging from 8.00 ± 0.54 to 30.00 ± 0.00 mm. The extracts combined in ratio 3:1 V: C yielded the highest zones of inhibition ordinarily and in the cream across the test organisms. The cetomacrogol base was incompatible with the extract combinations, therefore unstable; the modified Aqueous cream base was stable with no antimicrobial activity while the vanishing cream base gave a stable cream with zones of inhibition against the test organisms. Conclusion: These outcomes confirm that these extracts possess antimicrobial activities, and when incorporated into creams, their activities vary according to the cream bases employed with the vanishing cream base being the most effective.
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    Formulation studies on Ibuprofen sodium-cationic dextran conjugate: Effect on tabletting and dissolution characteristics of ibuprofen.
    (Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2016) Abioye, Amos Olusegun; Kola-Mustapha, Adeola
    The effect of electrostatic interaction between ibuprofen sodium (IbS) and cationic diethylaminoethyl dextran (Ddex), on the tableting properties and ibuprofen release from the conjugate tablet was investigated. Ibuprofen exhibits poor flow, compaction (tableting) and dissolution behavior due to its hydrophobic structure, high cohesive, adhesive and viscoelastic properties therefore it was granulated with cationic Ddex to improve its compression and dissolution characteristics. Electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding between IbS and Ddex was confirmed with FT-IR and DSC results showed a stepwise endothermic solid-solid structural transformation from racemic to anhydrous forms between 120 and 175 °C which melted into liquid form at 208.15 °C. The broad and diffused DSC peaks of the conjugate granules as well as the disappearance of ibuprofen melting peak provided evidence for their highly amorphous state. It was evident that Ddex improved the flowability and densification of the granules and increased the mechanical and tensile strengths of the resulting tablets as the tensile strength increased from 0.67 ± 0.0172 to 1.90 ± 0.0038 MPa with increasing Ddex concentration. Both tapping and compression processes showed that the most prominent mechanism of densification were particle slippage, rearrangement and plastic deformation while fragmentation was minimized. Ddex retarded the extent of dissolution in general, indicating potentials for controlled release formulations. Multiple release mechanisms including diffusion; anomalous transport and super case II transport were noted. It was concluded that interaction between ibuprofen sodium and Ddex produced a novel formulation with improved flowability, tableting and dissolution characteristics with potential controlled drug release characteristics dictated by Ddex concentration.
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    Impact of in situ granulation and temperature quenching on crystal habit and micromeritic properties of ibuprofen-cationic dextran conjugate crystanules
    (International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2014) Abioye, Amos Olusegun; Kola-Mustapha, Adeola; Ruparelia, Ketan
    Ibuprofen was recrystallized in the presence of aqueous solution of cationic dextran derivative, Diethylaminoethyl Dextran (Ddex) using the melt in-situ granulation-crystallization technique in order to produce a stable amorphous ibuprofen-Ddex conjugates with improved morphological, micromeritic and thermo-analytical characteristics without the use of organic solvent. Ddex was used in this study because of its ability to form conjugates with various drug molecules and enhance their physicochemical characteristics and therapeutic activities. Cationic dextrans are also biocompatible and biodegradable. Mechanism of conjugation as well as the impact of conjugation on the ibuprofen crystal habit was investigated. Gaussian type normal particle size distribution was obtained and the size of the crystals in the crystanule conjugates decreased steadily, with increasing concentration of Ddex, to a minimum of 480 nm (440 folds reduction, p < 0.05, n = 20) at Ddex molar concentration of 0.01M. FT-IR spectra showed electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding between ibuprofen and Ddex which was confirmed with the 1H NMR and 13H NMR spectra. DSC curves exhibited single peaks from the binary ibuprofen-Ddex conjugate crystanules suggesting compatibility and formulation of an eutectic product. The conjugate crystanules showed broad and diffuse endothermic peaks with a glass transition temperature (Tg) 58.3 and 59.14 °C at Ddex molar concentrations of 1.56 X 10-4 and 3.125 X 10-4 mM respectively confirming the existence of ibuprofen-Ddex crystanule conjugates in amorphous state. Higher concentrations of Ddex decreased Tg steadily. TGA curves showed first order degradation at low molar concentrations of Ddex up to 3.125 X 10-4 mM which coincides with the critical granular concentration of the crystanules with higher concentrations exhibited second order degradation profile. This study provides the basis for the development of stable amorphous drug-polymer conjugates with potential practical application in controlled and extended drug release formulations
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    Quantification of in situ granulation-induced changes in pre-compression, solubility, dose distribution and intrinsic in vitro release characteristics of ibuprofen-cationic dextran conjugate crystanules
    (International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2014) Abioye, Amos Olusegun; Kola-Mustapha, Adeola; Chi, George Tangyie; Ilya, Sunday
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    The use of herbal medicines amongst out-patients at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) Ilorin, Kwara State – Nigeria
    (Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 42: 158-163. Published by Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2019-02) Ghazali, Yusuf; Bello, Ibrahim; Kola-Mustapha, Adeola
    Background: In Africa, particularly Nigeria, there is an increasing interest in natural product remedies with a basic approach towards nature. This research studies the prevalence of use, pattern of use and awareness of outpatients at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria on the use of herbal medicines. Methodology: Based on an informed consent, semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from a total of 112 outpatients attending different outpatient clinics of the hospital about the use of herbs. This sample size was derived from the Kish formula. Data obtained were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics software V23 and inferences made accordingly. Results: All (100.00%) of the outpatients were familiar with herbal medicines, 67.86% had used herbal medicines in the past and 25.00% were currently taking herbal medicines as at the time of study. It was also found that 54.35% of the respondents use herbal medicines in no specific dose, 47.83% use the herbs with various additives, and 39.13% take their herbs concurrently with orthodox medicines. A total of 13.73% of the respondents prefer to use herbs when sick and another 35.29% prefer a combination of herbs and orthodox medicines. Conclusions: Most of the patient-respondents prefer to include herbal medicines in their therapies. It is concerning that over one-third of the respondents concomitantly use herbal and orthodox medicines, some others use the herbs inappropriately. More efforts should be geared towards ensuring general improved use of herbal medicines.