Browsing by Author "Iyiola, Oluyinka Ajibola"

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    Evaluation of the Toxicological Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Annona squamosa and Piper nigrum plants on rats
    (Society for Experimental Biology of Nigeria, 2018) Sulaiman, Adenike Faoziyat; Iyiola, Oluyinka Ajibola; Adisa, Muhammad Jamiu; Sani, Evelyn Miria; Giwa, Fatima A; Amokeoja, Folorunsho Hafiz
    The purpose of this research was to evaluate the overall safety or toxicological effects of ethanolic extracts of Annona squamosa (leaves and stems) and Piper nigrum (seeds and stems) in healthy Wistar rats. Dried powdered leaves and stem of Annona squamosa and Piper nigrum’s seed and stem were extracted in ratio 1:5 of 80% ethanol for 24hours. Thirty male healthy Wistar rats with average weight of 120-150g were randomly distributed into six groups (A-F) of five animals each. 1ml of the extracts equivalent to 500mg/kg body weight were administered to the experimental animals (group C-F) while 1ml of Cyclophosphamide equivalent to 50mg/kg body weight was administered to the reference group (group B) for a period of twenty one (21) days after one week of acclimatization, the control group on the other hand (group A) were administered 1ml of distilled water. The serum and organs (liver, kidney and heart) were collected for lipid profile, liver function indices and kidney function indices. Significant increase (P<0.05) in the serum AST, ALT, ALP level of the group administered with 50mg/kg body weight of Cyclophosphamide and a subsequent decrease of the enzymes level in the liver, kidney and heart was recorded. In addition, there was a significant increase (p>0.05) in the total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, total and direct bilirubin, creatinine and urea concentration with a gradual reduction in the serum HDL and albumin concentration in the reference drug group as compared to control group and the test groups. However, this shows the reduced toxicity of Annona squamosa and Piper nigrum at 500mg/kg body weight, which is an indication that the plants are safe for human consumption.
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    Genotoxicity and Ecotoxicological Effects of Cassava Effluent in Swiss Albino Male Mice Using the Sperm Morphology and Peripheral Blood Micronucleus Assays
    (2020) Anifowoshe, Abass Toba; Iyiola, Oluyinka Ajibola; Olafimihan, Temitope Fatima; Olaoti, Nafisat Bunmi; Akinseye, Kehinde Monica; Abdulkareem, Adam Olaitan; Oladipo, Segun Olayinka
    Cassava is a very important staple food in most developing countries but effluents generated during its processing are not usually disposed properly, thus, contributing significantly to environmental pollution. Several reports have demonstrated the acutely toxic and genotoxic effects of cassava effluent in microbial organisms, plants and aquatic animals, the effects of pollutants present in these effluents have not been clarified yet in terrestrial animals. The study aimed to evaluate the haematological, histopathological and genotoxic potential of cassava effluents from Olorun-Sogo cassava mill in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, on the male germ and somatic cells of Swiss albino mice using sperm morphology and micronucleus assays. Cassava effluent dilutions of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% were administered by intraperitoneal injection to mice, totalizing 0.5mL for 5 consecutive days and a 5 week exposure period was considered. The effluent induced a concentration – dependent statistically significant increase (p< 0.05) in the micronucleus and number of sperm with abnormal morphology at all concentrations as well as diverse histopathological changes in the testes. Haematological parameters were not significantly affected (p>0.05). The liver shows slightly distorted architecture while the kidney shows slight distortion in the renal corpuscles and the surrounding parenchyma. Alterations in alveolar space were observed in the lung while the spleen revealed a slight distortion in it tissue. The physico-chemical analysis also revealed the presence of significant amounts of cyanide and heavy metals (lead, iron, cadmium and silver). The present findings are relevant in environmental waste management and assessment of the hazardous effects of cassava effluents.
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    Toxicological Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles and Colchicine on Biochemical Indices in Albino Wistar Rats
    (Centrepoint Journal (Science Edition), Published by University of Ilorin, 2017-07-13) SULAIMAN, A. Faoziyat; Iyiola, Oluyinka Ajibola; Sulaiman, A. Abdulfattah; Quadri, A.L; Oyegoke, R.A; Adisa, M.J; Adeyemi, S.B; Adebayo, Maimunat Adetutu; Itadare, Oluwasola Beatrice
    Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have numerous biomedical uses due to its excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, antiviral, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activity. The present research was carried out with the aim to determine effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) and colchicine on albino wistar rats. The silver nanoparticle was administered at the dosages of 1.11, 1.48, 1.85 and 2.22 mg/kg rat body weight to groups B to E respectively. Group A, which serve as the positive control group was administered with distilled water while group F was treated with a reference drug, called colchicine. The rats were sacrificed under slight anaesthesia twenty-four (24) hours after the last treatment and the effect of the silver nanoparticles and the colchicine on different enzymes and substrates in serum and selected organs were studied. Administration of silver nanoparticle has no significant differences (p > 0.05) on the average body weight, weight of organs and organ-body weight ratios of test rats when compared with the positive control rats. Administration of the silver nanoparticles to the test groups causes a significant alteration (p < 0.05) on the activities of alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, alkaline phosphatase and concentrations of total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine compared with the positive control group. The results obtained suggested that the effects of silver nanoparticles on hepatocytes at high doses (1.85mg/kg and 2.22mg/kg) led to the disruption and leakage of its enzymes into the blood stream. High concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate transaminase (AST) were found the serum of the rats, indicating liver damage. We therefore recommend that the usage of silver nanoparticles as drug carrier should be at low doses to prevent hepatotoxicity and other related health issues.