Browsing by Author "Folorunso, IO"
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Item Aeromagnetic Mapping of Basinal Structures over Part of Niger Delta, and its Implication for Hydrocarbon Migration and Accumulation(Faculty of Science and Science Education, Adamawa State University, Mubi, 2015) Ali, I; Edino, F; Ibrahim, KO; Johnson, LM; Folorunso, IOAeromagnetic imaging over part of Niger Delta was carried out with a view to interpret the anomalies over the area and to equally delineate the structural features suitable for hydrocarbon accumulation within the study area. Digitized composite aeromagnetic data covering the study area were used in this study. Data enhancement techniques such as second vertical derivative, first horizontal derivative and analytic signal were applied to enhance deep seated structures. Results of the Spectral Analysis revealed that the average thickness of the sediments vary from 4.8 to 10.5 km, large enough for hydrocarbon accumulation. The derivative maps revealed parallel to sub-parallel trending NE-SW fracture zones in the basement underlying the study area, coinciding with the landward extension of the deep oceanic Chain and Charcot fracture zones. Hence, the identified lineaments (faults or lithologic contacts) and structures in the area can be attributed to the tectonic setting of the area and probable migratory routes for hydrocarbon migrationItem Application of cross-square array and resistivity anisotropy for fracture detection in crystalline bedrock(Springer, 2016) Bayewu, OO; Oloruntola, MO; Mosuro, GO; Laniyan, TA; Fatoba, JO; Folorunso, IO; Kolawole, AU; Bada, BTAbstract Azimuthal cross-square array resistivity soundings were used to detect fractures and investigate the anisotropic properties of crystalline basement rocks in some parts of Eruwa, southwestern Nigeria. Resistivity measurements were taken at ten locations using an Ohmega terrameter. The technique involves the rotation of the electrode array in four different azimuths, namely, 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°, at electrode spacing of A(2)1/2. The measured apparent resistivity were used to calculate azimuthal resistivity, fracture strike, bedrock anisotropy, coefficient of anisotropy, secondary porosity, and azimuthal inhomogeneity ratio (AIR). The results showed that the measured apparent resistivity changed with the orientation of the array implying fracture anisotropy in the subsurface. The calculated azimuthal resistivity shows that values increase with electrode spacing with polar plots indicating varied fracture directions. Primary fractures in the study area are oriented dominantly in N-S, NW-SE, and E-W directions which contrast with NE-SW and E-W trends of their secondary counterparts. Few tertiary fractures are aligned in E-W direction. Coefficient of anisotropy (λ) ranges between 1.05 and 3.68, while bedrock anisotropy (N) varies from 1.002 to 2.483; calculated secondary porosity (fracture porosity) ranges from0.07 to 0.99. The comparison of the fracture porosity and mean resistivity revealed four major fracture zones in the study area. Interpreted AIR (azimuthal resistivity ratio) values of −5.09 to 0.97 show that anisotropy inhomogeneity of the study area is low. This work therefore gives insight to anisotropic properties as well as the fracture characteristics in the study areaItem Appraisal of the groundwater potential in Iwo township a part of Southwestern Nigeria(Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences, Babcock University, llisan Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria, 2021) Adewoye, AO; Olasehinde, PI; Folorunso, IOGroundwater exploration was carried out through applicable electrical resistivity investigation with the aim of delineating probable zones of groundwater prospect within the near-surface geological formation in the study area. The dominant rocks in the study area are migmatite gneiss, biotite /biotite-muscovite granite and potassic syenite which falls within the Crystalline Basement Complex of southwestern Nigeria. Forty (40) Resistivity Sounding were explored using Schlumberger arrangement with the current spacing (AB/2) of a hundred metre at purpose by ABEM resistivity meter. The sphere knowledge obtained were analysed quantitatively by iteration package “WINRESIST” and qualitatively by partial curve matching. Bedrock resistivity, longitudinal conductance, reflection co-efficient and overburden thickness, longitudinal conductance parameters were calculated and their plots were prepared also and used for assessing the aquifer prospects. The results show that the subsurface lithology consists generally of three to five layers which are QH. A, KH. K, HKH. H and HA -types resistivity curves mainly. The geo-electric layers display 3–5 horizons viz: the topsoil (34.0-63277.4 Ωm), clayey sand (7.9 -8322.1 Ωm), fractured bedrock (19.9 - 10347Ωm) and the fresh bedrock (55.5 -5461.6 Ωm). The overburden thickness isopach plot showed an overburden thickness varies of 5.0 to 39.5m with values larger than thirty metres within the study space. About 75% of the studied groundwater samples revealed low to medium potential zone, while 15% and 10% revealed high and very high potential zones respectively. Subsequently, the groundwater potential rating of the study area is viewed as normally low. A large portion of Northern and Eastern portions of studied areas which showed moderate to good protective capacityItem Characterization of Aquifer Potential Using Dar-zarrouk parameters in a Crystalline Basement, Southwestern, Nigeria(Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, 2021) Adewoye, AO; Bayewu, OO; Folorunso, IOPotable groundwater is a rare resource in some part of Okeiho southwestern Nigeria, assessing and delineating its feasible zones of high potential using non-invasive geoelectric investigation is really vital so as to monitor the successful exploration of the underground water. The study area is underlain predominantly with coarse porphyritic granite and syenite including pyrozene diorite. Thirty six (36) Vertical electrical soundings (VES) were surveyed around built up areas using ABEM SAS 1000 Terrameter with potential and current electrode spacing varied from 0.5 to 15mand 1 to 160 m respectively with VES curves interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively using curve matching techniques. Geoelectrical properties such as weathered resistivity layer, Overburden thickness, weathered thickness layer, bedrock relief, basement resistivity, reflection coefficient and the Dar-Zarrouk parameters were determined from each VES point and contoured so as to distinguish the groundwater prospects within the studied area. Typical curves corresponding to VES data include A’ ,‘H’, ‘HKH’ and ‘KH’. The most prevalent curve –type is H-type, comprising of 67% curves observed while the ‘A’, ‘KH’ and ‘HKH’ types establish 22%, 8.3% and 2.7% .The thickness of the overburden ranges between 2.8 – 16.8 m ;the weathered layer thickness range from 1.4 – 14.1 m ; the basement resistivity ranges from 357 – 14760 Ωm; the longitudinal conductance ranges from 0.022 – 0.39 Ω-1 ,;the transverse resistance has values ranges from 53 – 4760 Ωm2 , and the electrical anisotropy has values ranges from 1 to 1.8.The northern, eastern and central portion is described by decrease in overburden thickness , weathered resistivity layer , total longitudinal conductance, indicating low aquifer potential, transverse resistance unit, total longitudinal conductance unit , and electric anisotropy values increases towards the southwestern part , reflecting moderate aquifer prospects. In such manner, the southwestern part of the studied portions are categorized as moderate groundwater prospects; while the northern and eastern part are categorized as area with poor groundwater prospectItem Distribution of selected heavy metals and other elements in coal samples collected from coal deposits in Kogi State, Nigeria(Department of Science Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2015) Okoro, HK; Afolabi, OI; Folorunso, IOIt is important that emissions of potentially toxic heavy metals and other elements from coal combustion are measured and if necessary, controlled in order to limit any environmental effects. Coal samples were collected from Enjema, Ibibio, and Okaba coal deposits in Kogi state to determine the selected heavy metals and trace elements in the samples. The coal samples were analyzed with the aid of Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. Heavy metals (Cd, Ct, Mn, Pb and Ni) were determined by AAS while selected trace elements (Fe, K, Ca, S) by XRF. The result shows that the selected heavy metals chromium, manganese, nickel, and lead were present at a high level when compared with heavy metals determined in coal samples collected from Lafla-obi and Chikila in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria. in their previous study. Cadmium was not detected in the samples analyzed; the trace element determined were at lower concentrations when compared to the value of trace elements concentrations found in coal samples obtained from river Ekulu in Enugu State, South East, Nigeria. Sulphur was present at high concentration which can affect the body either when inhaled or absorb. The results indicated that the concentrations of the metals were high and this could have adverse effects on the inhabitant of the area. Apparently, there is need for constant monitoring of the stations to ascertain its pollution statusItem Estimation of Reserve – Overburden Ratio of A Proposed Quarry Site Using Resistivity Survey: A Case Study of Ajebo, Near Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria(American-Euroasian Network for Scientific Information, 2011) Bale, RB; Bayewu, OO; Folorunso, IO; Oloruntola, MOThe geophysical and geotechnical assessment of the granite deposit at Idi-Osan Ofagada village near Abeokuta, southwestern Nigeria, have been undertaken and the exploitation suitability of the deposit established. The area is underlain by the granite gneiss rocks of the Precambrian Basement complex of southwestern Nigeria. Fourteen Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) of Schlumberger array were carried out on the areas covered with overburden to determine their resistivity characteristics, overburden thickness and the reserve tonnage of the basement rock. The compressive strength and the specific gravity of the rock were measured to determine its competency and density respectively. The area is gridded into 5 by 6 blocks for more accurate calculations of the parameter for the estimation of the reserve. The reserve is estimated for elevation datum of 150m, 160m and 170m. Taking into account the economic implication for the removal of overburden, a minimum ratio of overburden to basement thickness of 1:1 and a limiting 10m overburden is considered to be the economically exploitable area. The VES results showed a two to three geoelectric layers; the sandy weathered layer, clayey layer and the basement. The isopach and geoelectric sections revealed that the overburden thickness varies from 1.5m to 23.6m with the thickest overburden of 10m and above occurring in the north-western and south-eastern parts. Geotechnically, the deposit has an average compressive strength of 47.68N/mm2 Young Modulus of 633N/mm2 and specific Gravity of 1.615. The reserve estimates obtained for 170m, 160m and 150m elevation datum are 4.42 x 105, 17.17 x 105 and 37.09 x 105 tons respectively. The results showed that the exploitation of rock in the area is economically viable most especially at 160 and 150m datumItem Evaluation of resistivity anisotropy of parts of Ijebu Igbo, southwestern, Nigeria using azimuthal resistivity survey (ARS) method(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2014) Bayewu, O; Moroof, OO; Ganiyu, MO; Folorunso, IO; Kolawole, AUThis study was carried out to determine the anisotropic properties of parts of the Southwestern Basement Complex of Nigeria in Ijebu Igbo, which is underlain by migmatite gneiss and older granites. The surface water level (SWL) of 107 hand-dug wells were measured to determine the groundwater flow direction of the area. Thirty Azimuthal Resistivity Survey (ARS) were investigated along four azimuths; 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° to determine the electrical anisotropy, the trend of fractures and their behavioural pattern with depth. The quantitative interpretation of the Radial Vertical Electrical Sounding (RVES) curves involved the use of partial curve matching, and computer iteration using WINRESIST program. The results of the wells measurement showed that the major directions of groundwater flow pattern of the study area are N-S and E-W while the NE-SW or NW-SE are less prominent. Geo-electric interpretation of the RVES data revealed the area to be underlain by three geo-electric layers; Top soil, (160Ωm - 1454Ωm), lateritic Horizon clayey/sandy clay horizon, (22Ωm - 160Ωm), and weathered/fresh Basement (421Ωm - 3122Ωm) with depth to fracture systems ranging from 6.3-54m. The reflection coefficient observed ranges from 0.6-0.98. The direction of electrical anisotropy was derived from the polar plot and lies predominantly at NW-SE and E-W, N-S while the NE-SW is less prominent. Coefficient of anisotropy ranges between 1.09 and 1.36 with a mean of 1.2. The apparent anisotropic graphs show the behavioral pattern of the fracture with depth and reveal that the predominant fractures in the area are closing with depth. The orientation of geologic structures from the study area showed an E-W, and NW-SE direction and this corresponds to the directions of the electrical anisotropic polygons. The fractures are known to be complex and in turn interconnected, hence a fracture controlled flow. Areas with low bedrock resistivity, thick overburden, presence of two interconnected anisotropy polygon directions and high co-efficient of anisotropy indicate intense fracturing, thus, a potential sites for the drilling of water boreholeItem Hydrometallurgical application for treating a Nigerian chalcopyrite ore in chloride medium: Part I. Dissolution kinetics assessment(Springer, 2013) Alafara, AB; Kuranga, IA; Adekola, FA; Bale, RB; Ghosh, MK; Alabi, AGF; Sheik, AR; Folorunso, IOThe dissolution kinetics of a Nigerian chalcopyrite ore in hydrochloric acid was studied in this article. Acid concentration, reaction temperature, and ore particle size were chosen as experimental parameters. The chemical and morphological studies of the ore before and after leaching at optimal conditions were carried out by X-ray di®raction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is revealed that increasing the acid concentration and system temperature and decreasing the ore particle size greatly enhances the dissolution rate. The dissolution kinetics was found to follow the shrinking core model for the di®usion control mechanism where the activation energy (Ea) of 32.92 kJ¢mol¡1 was obtained for the process and supported by morphological changes at a higher dissolution of 91.33%.Item Hydrometallurgical Processing of Manganese Ores: A Review(Scientific Research, 2014) Baba, AA; Ibrahim, L; Adekola, FA; Bale, RB; Ghosh, MK; Sheik, AR; Pradhan, SR; Ayanda, OS; Folorunso, IOHydrometallurgy is the most suitable extractive technique for the extraction and purification of manganese as compared to all other techniques including biometallurgy and pyrometallurgical processes. In the hydrometallurgical processing of manganese from its ore, the leach liquors often contain divalent ions such as iron, manganese, copper, nickel, cobalt and zinc along with other impurities which make manganese very difficult to separate. The processes employed for solution concentration and purification in the hydrometallurgical processing of manganese include precipitation, cementation, solvent extraction and ion exchange. Solvent extraction also proves more efficient and it plays vital roles in the purification and separation of the manganese as compared to all other techniques. A detailed review of the various steps involved in the hydrometallurgical manganese processing, concentration and purification processes and newer processes of extraction of manganese from ores and waste materials were discussedItem Microstructural and Mineralogical Evolution of the Oke Awon Shear Zone in the Jebba Area, S.W. Nigeria(Akamia University, 2014) Okonkwo, CT; Adetunji, A; Folorunso, IOThe Jebba area of southwestern Nigeria is underlain by metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks which have been intruded by probable Pan-African (ca.600 Ma) granitic rocks. Locally, in the west, these rocks have been tectonised within two N – S trending brittle-ductile shear zones. Granitic mylonites contain elongate quartz ribbons surrounded by finer grained groundmass of microcline, quartz and plagioclase. Metabasic mylonites contain fine-grained hornblende and plagioclase defining the mylonitic, S2, fabric. Locally, the assemblage is epidote, actinolite, albite, and quartz indicating a marked retrogression. Semi-pelitic rocks, the mineralogy contain syntectonically rotated garnets with sigmoidal inclusion trails, fractured and elongated garnet, fine-grained biotite and muscovite, late porphyroblastic muscovite, and locally, minor epidote and chlorite resulting from partial retrogression. The quartzites are marked by microstructures ranging from cataclasites to ultracataclasites. These observations indicate two generations of shearing, an earlier one under amphibolites facies conditions at deeper structural levels which was locally overprinted by brittle deformation under greenschist facies conditions following exhumation.Item Petrochemistry and geotectonic setting of granitic rocks in Aderan Area, SW Nigeria(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2013) Okonkwo, CT; Folorunso, IOAderan area, southwestern Nigeria is underlain by metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks which have been intruded by granitic rocks of probable Pan-African (ca. 600 Ma) age. Four types of granitic rocks have been identified in the area, including granitic gneisses, medium-grained granite, porphyritic granite and granodiorite. Geochemical analysis show that the rocks are largely calc-alkaline. The granodiorite is less siliceous and more calcic, and also contains less Ba, Nb and Rb, and more Sr, Ce and La than the granites. Tectonically, the rocks classify as volcanic arc and syn-collisional and possibly late-to- post-collisional granitic rocks with respect to the Pan-African orogeny. Chemical characteristics indicate that these rocks were derived from partial melting of mafic to semi-pelitic (metasedimentary) crustal rocks under conditions of intermediate oxygen fugacity and activities of H2OItem Petrographic Investigation of Oke-Awun Rocks, Southwestern Nigeria(Faculty of Science, Adeleke University, Ede, 2015) Folorunso, IO; Okonkwo, CTThe Oke-Awun area is underlain by older units of Migmatitic gneisses, Augen gneisses, Quartz-biotitemuscovite schists, Quartzites and Amphibolites which have been intruded by Granites, Granodiorites and Pegmatites of probable Pan African (ca 600 Ma) age. The Gneisses are medium grained rocks with mineral constituent which include quartz, plagioclase, biotite, hornblende, microcline with accessory minerals such as chlorite, sericite, sphene, epidote and ore minerals. Amphibolites are medium-fine grained and are characterised mainly by hornblende and plagioclase with minor quartz while the metasediments are characterized by quartz, plagioclase, biotite, muscovite, microcline and epidote. The granites are made of quartz, biotite, plagioclase, microcline, chlorite, epidote, sericite and muscovite. The metamorphic rocks of Oke-Awun have been subjected to Amphibolite facies regional metamorphism which has been locally overprinted by greenschist facies retrogression.Item Qualitative Identification of Copper Bearing Minerals using Near Infrared Sensors(Faculty of Geoengineering, mining and Geology, Wroclaw University of Technology, 2016) Folorunso, IO; Shekwonyadu, I; Ambo, AI; Okoro, HK; Usman, HOApplication of sensors for on-site fast identification and discrimination of dominant ore bearing particles from associated gangues in a complex ore is an important route in minerals exploration and extraction industries. This paper considers identification and discrimination of copper bearing minerals from associated gangues using near infrared sensors. Different copper bearing minerals in the Akiri copper ore are differentiated on the basis of their near infrared spectra behaviour. The near infrared spectra of individual samples are correlated with their mineralogy and chemistry as analysed by X-Ray diffraction and X-Ray fluorescence equipment, respectively. The obtained results indicated that the detection limit of the near infrared sensor is better than that of both X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence equipment used. Hence, in addition to the minerals identified by the X-ray diffraction equipment, other near infrared active minerals with concentration below the X-ray diffraction detection limit were also detected by the near infrared sensorsItem Seasonal Variation and Determination of Some Heavy Metals in the Sediment from Ureje River in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria(College of Natural Sciences, Al-Hikma University, 2015) Okoro, HK; Ikumapayi, AO; Folorunso, IOThis study investigated the level of contamination of four heavy metals (chromium, cadmium, nickel, lead) in the sediment collected from Ureje River, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria and compared their seasonal variation (Wet and Dry seasons). The sediments were collected, digested and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Two of the metals namely cadmium and nickel were not detected. During the dry season, it was observed that the mean concentrations for chromium were 0.36±0.08 mg/kg, 0.33±0.08 mg/kg and 0.30±0.04 mg/kg for Sites 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The mean concentration for lead during dry season at Site 1 was 0.33±0.23 mg/kg while those of Sites 2 and 3 were 0.35±0.10 mg/kg and 0.34±0.04 mg/kg respectively. During the wet season, chromium levels were 0.23±0.06 mg/kg, 0.25±0.06 mg/kg and 0.21±0.03 mg/kg for Sites 1, 2 and 3 respectively. For lead, the values recorded for Sites 1, 2 and 3 were 0.22±0.11 mg/kg, 0.30±0.10 mg/kg and 0.26±0.03 mg/kg respectively. Comparing the two seasons, the concentration of chromium was observed to be lower than that of lead in the dry season while the reverse was the case during the wet season. Although the concentration of the metals is unlikely to pose any risk, the presence of chromium and lead in the area calls for proper monitoring to safeguard the health of human and aquatic lives around the area.Item Stability Assessment of Some Existing Buildings in Unilorin Premises Using Schlumberger Sounding Techniques(Federal University Lokoja, Nigeria, 2018) Olatunji, S; Folorunso, IOGeophysical electrical resistivity method of Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was carried out within the premises of University of Ilorin, along each traverse near some selected high-rise buildings on the University campus. The study was aimed at mapping the subsurface geologic features such as rock layering, lithological types and sequence in the subsurface that may pose danger to the existing structures. A total of fourteen (14) VES stations were established with maximum current electrode separation of 200m and inter VES spacing of 20m. VES geo-electric equivalent layers ranges from three (3) to five (5) layers within the area. Geoelectric 2D sections further confirmed that the area is characterized by layer series of topsoil, laterite, sandy clay, weathered/fractured basement and fresh basement. The resistivity distribution (60-300 Ωm) around profile 1 in the vicinity of Faculty of Arts that terminates at about 20 m depth. This is attributable to incompetent footing. The subsurface features and overburden materials delineated in profile 5 close to postgraduate students’ hostel is most favourable to civil engineering constructions as the ranges of resistivity distributions (200-2000 Ωm) is attributable to competent footing for the super structuresItem STABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SOME EXISTING BUILDINGS IN UNILORIN PREMISES USING SCHLUMBURGER SOUNDING TECHNIQUE(Federal University Lokoja, 2018) Olatunji, S; Folorunso, IOThe geophysical electrical resistivity method of Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was carried out within the premises of the University of Ilorin, along each traverse near some selected high-rise buildings on the University campus. The study was aimed at mapping the subsurface geologic features such as rock layering, lithological types, and sequence in the subsurface that may pose danger to the existing structures. A total of fourteen (14) VES stations were established with a maximum current electrode separation of 200m and inter-VES spacing of 20m. VES geo-electric equivalent layers range from three (3) to five (5) layers within the area. Geoelectric 2D sections further confirmed that the area is characterized by layer series of topsoil, laterite, sandy clay, weathered/fractured basement, and fresh basement. The resistivity distribution (60-300 Ωm) around profile 1 in the vicinity of the Faculty of Arts terminates at about 20 m depth. This is attributable to the incompetent footing. The subsurface features and overburden materials delineated in profile 5 close to the postgraduate students’ hostel are most favorable to civil engineering constructions as the ranges of resistivity distributions (200-2000 Ωm) are attributable to competent footing for the superstructures.Item Stable Isotope Characteristics of Akiri Vein Copper Mineralization, Nasarawa, Nigeria(Published by Faculty of Science, University of Port-Harcourt, 2015) Folorunso, IO; Bale, RB; Adekeye, JIDThe Akiri vein copper mineralization was investigated for its carbon and oxygen isotopic composition to determine the characteristics of the mineralizing fluid. Carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of Akiri siderite range between δ13C values (-1.05 to -1.71‰) and δ13O values (-14.94 to -15.18) respectively. δ 13C isotopic composition is comparable to values expected for Cretaceous marine carbonates. The 18O depletion in the vein siderite indicates dominant meteoric water sources involved for carbonates precipitation. This significant depletion between the δ18O compositions of Akiri siderite compared with carbonates from other parts of the basin probably indicate differential formational temperature or fluid compositionItem The Stratigraphy and Structural Evaluation of Akiri and its environs, middle Benue Trough, Nigeria(Published by Department of Science Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2015) Folorunso, IO; Bale, RB; Adekeye, JIDThe petrology of rocks occuring in the areas of Wuse and Akiri in the Middle Benue Trough of Central Nigeria have been studied. The sediments were sampled and analysed by petrological microscopes was undertaken to characterise the minerals and elucidate aspects of their formation. The area is underlain by the Eze Aku Formation comprising shales, siltstones and sandstones and in places, conglomeratic ironstone, mudstones and limestones also occur. The shales are variably massive, nodular and paper- thinly laminated with concretional nodules in places. The sandstones are massively bedded, texturally coarse to medium and variably indurated while the siltstones are thinly laminated. These lithologies were cut by E /W and NW / SE trending, variably microscopic to 2.5 m thick copper mineralized veins. Thin section petrography of the host lithologies revealed quartz, feldspars (Microcline, plagioclase) and muscovite in the sandstone. Akiri vein deposits has significant chalcopyrite mineralization which occur as dissemination, veinlets and stockworks with well developed wall-rock silicification (alteration).Item Structural Geology of Oke-Awun Rocks, Southwestern Nigeria(Published by Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, 2015) Folorunso, IO; Okonkwo, CTRocks found in Oke-Awun area include older units of gneisses; migmatitic gneisses, augen gneisses, metasediment; quartz-biotite-muscovite schists, and quartzites and amphibolites which have been intruded by granites, granodiorites and pegmatites of probable Pan African (ca 600 Ma) age. Three episodes of deformation have been recognized in the area. The first deformation (D1) was associated with the development of penetrative foliation in the metamorphic rocks. The second deformation (D2) gave rise to asymmetric folds in the migmatitic gneisses and quartz-biotite- muscovite schists which locally deformed D1. The third deformation (D3) involved the formation of transcurrent faults which cuts all the rocks in the area. The metamorphic rocks have been deformed into a NNE-SSW trending synform and cut by two major approximately N-S trending sub-parallel dextral transcurrent faults.Item Subsurface Investigation for Tantalite Mineralization using Magnetics and Electrical Resistivity Methods, in Sepeteri, Oyo State, Nigeria(2021) Folorunso, IO; Bello, OAThe study aims to map the depth of the tantalite mineralization as well as its location around the Olorunda mining site using integrated geophysical methods. Eight (8) profiles were conducted for the magnetic survey using G-856AX proton magnetometer in E-W direction with a total of 158 data points, profile length of 190 m, 10 m station spacing, and 20 m profile spacing. Six (6) vertical electrical soundings (VES) data points were measured on the points that have high magnetic susceptibility using the Schlumberger array configuration of the electrical resistivity techniques with a spread of 100 m. The anomaly map has a range of 19nT to 78nT for the magnetic intensity which depicts the area of magnetic susceptibilities. The Reduced to equator anomaly map has a range from 16.6nT to 77.4nT for the magnetic intensity which depicts the area of magnetic susceptibility directly above the sources. The first vertical derivative (FVD) map has a range from -1.69nT to 1.89nT. The source parameter imaging depth (SPI) map has a range from 4.3 m to 20.9 m. The total gradient map has a range of from 0.31nT/m to 3.30nT/m. The elevation map has a range from 349 m to 372 m. The high magnetic areas are in the southwestern, west, central, and eastern parts of the Olorunda mining site. The resistivity values of the study area range from 121 Ώm to 2500 Ώm. The low resistivity values reveal high conductivity areas of the study area, as a result of the pegmatite rocks around the mining site. The VES reveals the depth of tantalite mineralization at 35.8m, 44.3 m, 55.1 m, 42 m, 46.5 m, and 4.18 m.