Browsing by Author "Folami, S.O."
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Item Heavy Metal Content of Commonly Consumed Herbal Bitters in Ilorin, Nigeria(West African Journal of Pharmacy, 2017-12) Ayanniyi, R.O.; Folami, S.O.; Olumoh-Abdul, A.H.; Atunwa, S.A.; Oreagba, I.A.Background: The use of herbal medicines has increased in recent years and has gained much attention in the health sectors, scientific community and the public alike. The safety and quality of these products become questionable even when the efficacy and potency may be guaranteed. Objective: The presence of heavy metals was determined. Methods: Two batches of five herbal bitters were purchased from different parts of Ilorin. Samples were prepared from these batches and analyzed for the presence of Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe) and Lead (Pb) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Their concentrations were compared with WHO permissible limits. The variations in the concentration of Cd, Fe, and Pb in the two batches of samples were also determined at P < 0.05. Results: The value of Cd ranged from 0.003-0.3mg/L, Pb 0.000-0.067mg/L and Fe 0.083-0.27mg/L. This study revealed that majority of the samples contained Cd and Pb in concentrations significantly lower than the permissible limits. However, the two batches of herbal bitters contained Fe with concentrations significantly higher than the official permissible limit of 0.1mg/L. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study showed that Iron was present in all the samples with some concentrations significantly higher than the WHO permissible limit. Lead and cadmium were present in some of the samples with concentrations below the WHO permissible limit. Key words: Herbal bitters, lead, cadmium, iron, atomic absorption SpectrophotometerItem Tetracarpidium Conophorum (African Walnut): A Review of Pharmaceutical Evidence on Cardiac Toxicity(Faculty of Health Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, 2023) Balogun, M.E.,; Manzuma, A.O.,; Ayinde, T.O.,; Folami, S.O.The ethanolic leaf extract of N. latifolia (EENL) was investigated for its gastric acid antisecretory effects on ethanol-induced gastric ulcerated rats using an in vivo assay. Methods: Gastric mucosal ulceration was induced experimentally in Groups 2 to 5 rats using ethanol. Five groups of rats were orally pretreated with 3% Tween-80 only as vehicle group, 3% Tween-80 as ulcer group, 20 mg/kg of omeprazole as positive group, 250 and 500 mg/kg of EENL as the test groups, respectively before ulcer induction. Gastric acid secretion parameters and ulcerated areas were evaluated. Results: Pretreatment with EENL showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in gastric volume, total acidity and ulcer index while the pH of gastric content increased significantly (P < 0.05) in rats with ethanol-induced ulcer. Ulcer group exhibited significantly severe mucosal injury and EENL or omeprazole offered significant (P < 0.05) protection against gastric mucosal injuries. Conclusion: The study suggests that EENL attenuates gastric acid secretion and ulceration induced by ethanol in Wistar rat. The observed pharmacological activities might be mediated via antisecretory and cytoprotective mechanisms.