Browsing by Author "David, M.S"
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Item Bacteriological Quality of Locally Fermented Milk (Nono) and Commercial Yoghurts marketed in Ilorin.(Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Development & Practice, 2016-12) Shittu, A.O; David, M.S; Aliyu, M.S; Bello, R.H; Olajide, R.OEleven samples comprising of six branded yoghurts and five unbranded „nono‟ purchased from seven different locations randomly selected in Ilorin city were evaluated for their bacteriological quality. The physicochemical properties were determined using standard methods. Results for the total bacterial count for yoghurt ranged from 3.08 × 102 cfu/mL to 9.67×102 cfu/mL while that of „nono‟ ranged from 1.056×103 cfu/mL to 3.152×103 cfu/mL. Eleven bacteria species were identified in this study. A total of forty-five isolates were obtained with Staphylococcus aureus (17.8%) and Pasturella multocida (17.8%) having the highest frequency. Others were Aeromonas hydrophilia (15.6%) Klebsiella oxytoca, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Actinobacillus spp (8.9%), Xanthomonas maltophilia (6.7%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Salmonella (4.4%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.2%). Marketed yoghurts and locally produced „Nono‟ in Ilorin were found to be contaminated with mostly Gram negative bacteria belonging majorly to the Enterobacteriaceae family and a Gram positive organism (Staphylococcus aureus). The yoghurt and „nono‟ samples were found to be of unacceptable microbiological quality. The presence of these pathogenic organisms in these commonly consumed dairy products could constitute public health hazards and possibly food poisoining especially if they are stored under inappropriate conditions for longer periods of time.Item Bacteriology of Some Liquid Herbal Products Sold in Ilorin - Kwara State Nigeria(Journal of Science and Practice of Pharmacy., 2019-12) Bello, R H; David, M.S; Olutayo, A. O; Abdulrazaaq, K.O; Aliyu, A; Olufadi – Ahmed, H. Y; Salami, O.T; Lawal, B. A; Akerele, J. OPurpose: This study aims to establish the safety and/or potential public health dangers associated with the consumption of liquid herbal preparations (LHP) sold in Ilorin-Kwara State. Methods: Ten LHPs were randomly collected from three locations, kept under cold chain and transported to the Laboratory. All samples were evaluated for bacterial load using aerobic plate count method and bacterial isolates were presumptively identified using standard microbiological methods. Furthermore, Gram negative bacteria were identified using 12A Microbact ® Identification kits. Results: Sixty percent (60%) were fresh and faint, 4 (40%) were stale and putrid in smell as well as free of foreign matter. pH and bacterial load of samples ranged from 3.60 to 9.75 and 2.5 x 102 to 4.4 x 106 CFU/ mL respectively. Five (5) genera of bacteria, namely; Klebsiella species 10 (29.41%), Bacillus subtilis 8 (23.53%), Enterobcter spps. 7 (20.59%), Staphylococcus aureus 6 (17.65%) and Serretia marcescens 3(8.82%) were isolated from these LHPs. All isolates were resistant (100%) to Sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim combination. Amoxocillin clavulanate was active against 62.50% of K. pneumonia and S. marcescens isolates. Also 50% of K. oxytoca and E. gergoviae were susceptible to Amoxocillin clavulanate combination. Approximately, 8 (80%) of LHPs had bacterial load of 2.5 x 102 to 4.4 x 106 CFU/ mL and 2 (20%) yielded no growth. In addition, 40% of LHPs had bacterial load of 106 CFU/mL beyond the 104 CFU/mL permissible limit stated by European Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion: The observed high bacterial load and the presence of S. aureus as well as enteric bacteria of public health importance in these LHPs underscore the potential risk inherent in the consumption of these preparations. Therefore, public health awareness campaign on the dangers of unapproved LHPs consumption should be instituted.Item Bacteriology of Some Liquid Herbal Products Sold in Ilorin Kwara State Nigeria(Nigerian Association of Pharmacists in Academia, University of Benin Branch, Benin City, Nigeria, 2019) Aliyu, A.; Bello, R.H; David, M.S; Olutayo, A.O.; Abdulrazaaq, K. O; Olufadi – Ahmed, H. Y.; Salami, O.T; Lawal B. A.; Akerele J. O.Purpose: This study aims to establish the safety and/or potential public health dangers associated with the consumption of liquid herbal preparations (LHP) sold in Ilorin-Kwara State. Methods: Ten LHPs were randomly collected from three locations, kept under cold chain and transported to the Laboratory. All samples were evaluated for bacterial load using aerobic plate count method and bacterial isolates were presumptively identified using standard microbiological methods. Furthermore, Gram negative bacteria were identified using 12A Microbact ® Identification kits. Results: Sixty percent (60%) were fresh and faint, 4 (40%) were stale and putrid in smell as well as free of foreign matter. pH and bacterial load of samples ranged from 3.60 to 9.75 and 2.5 x 102 to 4.4 x 106 CFU/ mL respectively. Five (5) genera of bacteria, namely; Klebsiella species 10 (29.41%), Bacillus subtilis 8 (23.53%), Enterobcter spps. 7 (20.59%), Staphylococcus aureus 6 (17.65%) and Serretia marcescens 3(8.82%) were isolated from these LHPs. All isolates were resistant (100%) to Sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim combination. Amoxocillin clavulanate was active against 62.50% of K. pneumonia and S. marcescens isolates. Also 50% of K. oxytoca and E. gergoviae were susceptible to Amoxocillin clavulanate combination. Approximately, 8 (80%) of LHPs had bacterial load of 2.5 x 102 to 4.4 x 106 CFU/ mL and 2 (20%) yielded no growth. In addition, 40% of LHPs had bacterial load of 106 CFU/mL beyond the 104 CFU/mL permissible limit stated by European Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion: The observed high bacterial load and the presence of S. aureus as well as enteric bacteria of public health importance in these LHPs underscore the potential risk inherent in the consumption of these preparations. Therefore, public health awareness campaign on the dangers of unapproved LHPs consumption should be instituted.Item Bacteriology of Some Liquid Herbal Products Sold in Ilorin- Kwara State Nigeria(University of Benin, 2019-12) Bello, R.H; Olutayo, A.O; Abdulrazaaq, K.O; David, M.S; Abdulmalik, A.; Olufadi-Ahmed, H.Y; Salami, O.T; Lawal, B.A; Akerele, J.OPurpose: This study aims to establish the safety and/or potential public health dangers associated with the consumption of liquid herbal preparations (LHP) sold in Ilorin-Kwara State. Methods: Ten LHPs were randomly collected from three locations, kept under cold chain and transported to the Laboratory. All samples were evaluated for bacterial load using aerobic plate count method and bacterial isolates were presumptively identified using standard microbiological methods. Furthermore, Gram negative bacteria were identified using 12A Microbact ® Identification kits. Results: Sixty percent (60%) were fresh and faint, 4 (40%) were stale and putrid in smell as well as free of foreign matter. pH and bacterial load of samples ranged from 3.60 to 9.75 and 2.5 x 102 to 4.4 x 106 CFU/ mL respectively. Five (5) genera of bacteria, namely; Klebsiella species 10 (29.41%), Bacillus subtilis 8 (23.53%), Enterobcter spps. 7 (20.59%), Staphylococcus aureus 6 (17.65%) and Serretia marcescens 3(8.82%) were isolated from these LHPs. All isolates were resistant (100%) to Sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim combination. Amoxocillin clavulanate was active against 62.50% of K. pneumonia and S. marcescens isolates. Also 50% of K. oxytoca and E. gergoviae were susceptible to Amoxocillin clavulanate combination. Approximately, 8 (80%) of LHPs had bacterial load of 2.5 x 102 to 4.4 x 106 CFU/ mL and 2 (20%) yielded no growth. In addition, 40% of LHPs had bacterial load of 106 CFU/mL beyond the 104 CFU/mL permissible limit stated by European Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion: The observed high bacterial load and the presence of S. aureus as well as enteric bacteria of public health importance in these LHPs underscore the potential risk inherent in the consumption of these preparations. Therefore, public health awareness campaign on the dangers of unapproved LHPs consumption should be instituted.