Browsing by Author "Bello, R H"
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Item Bacteriology of Some Liquid Herbal Products Sold in Ilorin - Kwara State Nigeria(Journal of Science and Practice of Pharmacy., 2019-12) Bello, R H; David, M.S; Olutayo, A. O; Abdulrazaaq, K.O; Aliyu, A; Olufadi – Ahmed, H. Y; Salami, O.T; Lawal, B. A; Akerele, J. OPurpose: This study aims to establish the safety and/or potential public health dangers associated with the consumption of liquid herbal preparations (LHP) sold in Ilorin-Kwara State. Methods: Ten LHPs were randomly collected from three locations, kept under cold chain and transported to the Laboratory. All samples were evaluated for bacterial load using aerobic plate count method and bacterial isolates were presumptively identified using standard microbiological methods. Furthermore, Gram negative bacteria were identified using 12A Microbact ® Identification kits. Results: Sixty percent (60%) were fresh and faint, 4 (40%) were stale and putrid in smell as well as free of foreign matter. pH and bacterial load of samples ranged from 3.60 to 9.75 and 2.5 x 102 to 4.4 x 106 CFU/ mL respectively. Five (5) genera of bacteria, namely; Klebsiella species 10 (29.41%), Bacillus subtilis 8 (23.53%), Enterobcter spps. 7 (20.59%), Staphylococcus aureus 6 (17.65%) and Serretia marcescens 3(8.82%) were isolated from these LHPs. All isolates were resistant (100%) to Sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim combination. Amoxocillin clavulanate was active against 62.50% of K. pneumonia and S. marcescens isolates. Also 50% of K. oxytoca and E. gergoviae were susceptible to Amoxocillin clavulanate combination. Approximately, 8 (80%) of LHPs had bacterial load of 2.5 x 102 to 4.4 x 106 CFU/ mL and 2 (20%) yielded no growth. In addition, 40% of LHPs had bacterial load of 106 CFU/mL beyond the 104 CFU/mL permissible limit stated by European Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion: The observed high bacterial load and the presence of S. aureus as well as enteric bacteria of public health importance in these LHPs underscore the potential risk inherent in the consumption of these preparations. Therefore, public health awareness campaign on the dangers of unapproved LHPs consumption should be instituted.Item Molecular characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from pregnant women with Urinary Tract Infections attending Ante–natal Clinics in Ilorin metropolis(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research., 2021) Bello, R H; Ibrahim, Y. K . E; Olayinka, B. O; Jimoh, A. A. G; Afolabi-Balogun, N. B; Oni-Babatunde, A. O; Olabode, H. O. K; David, M. S; Aliyu, A.; Olufadi – Ahmed, H.YBackground: The emergence of multidrug- resistance Enterobacteriaceae especially in E. coli bacteria associated with Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in pregnancy is a serious menace globally posing health challenges and confounding successful empirical treatment as well as increasing pregnancy – related complications. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli (ESBLs – EC) isolates in pregnant women attending ante – natal clinics within Ilorin - Kwara State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 53 non - repeated E. coli isolates from urine samples of pregnant women were presumptively identified using standard bacteriological method and confirmed by commercially available Microgen® Identification Kits. Phenotypic detection of ESBLs was determined using antibiotics susceptibility test and double disc synergy Method for screening and confirmation respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was further used for the genotypic detection of ESBLs genes. Results: A total 88.67% (47/53) of E. coli exhibited resistance to the cephalosporins of which aztreonam was the highest (75.47%) and the least was cefpodoxime (35.84%) while 85.10% were confirmed positive for ESBL production. The genotypic detection showed the most occurring genotype was blaTEM (50%) blaOXA (27.7%), blaGES (22.5%), blaSHV (15%), blaCTXM and blaVEB (7.5%) while sixty – four (64%) of isolates co – harbored two or more gene. BlaTEM and blaOXA were dominant. Conclusion: This study showed high resistance of E. coli to the third generation cephalosporins harboring different ESBL genes which increases UTIs complexity and limit therapeutic options in pregnancy. Therefore, continuous monitoring of resistance in E. coli, effective appraisal of antibiotic control policies and rational use of antibiotics is therefore encouraged.