Browsing by Author "Babatunde, Esther Olubunmi"

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    CATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF POLYETHYLENE TO GAS OIL USING SYNTHESIZED CLAY BASED COPPER MODIFIED CATALYST
    (FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA, 2015-08-01) Babatunde, Esther Olubunmi
    In this study local clay was pretreated, characterized, modified and used as catalyst for the degradation of low density polyethylene (LDPE). The raw clay was thermally treated at 800C for 4 h in a furnace which was later modified by incorporating copper into it through impregnation method. The functionalities of the catalyst were determined based on their characterization. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, X-ray florescence and surface area determination were done for both the raw clay and modified catalysts. Characterization of the catalysts revealed that the interaction between CuO/clay formed a synergistic mixed oxides and this is an important factor to its activity. The product obtained was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and the product was mainly composed of hydrocarbons in the carbon range C16-C25 which is the hydrocarbon range of gas oil (diesel) fraction. also the data obtained showed that that that at catalyst loading of 1.0 g of polyethylene feed-stock and reaction temperature of 250c, the yield of gas oil was 50.22%. The catalyst was easily separated from the product mixture.
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    Kinetic Study of the Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil
    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gen. Abdusalami Abubakar College of Engineering, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria, 2022) Aderibigbe, Fatai Alade; Saka, Harvis Bamidele; Mustapha, Ishola Sherif; Mohammed, Alhassan Ishaq; Amosa, Mutiu Kolade; Adeniyi, Adewale George; Ajala, Elijah Olawale; Babatunde, Esther Olubunmi; Solomon, Bamidele Ogbe
    The rate and cost of biodiesel production has been hampered by the nature of the catalysts and feedstocks used. The bifunctional catalyst prepared from the mixture of 40 wt% sulphonated corncob (acid source) and 60 wt. % calcined cowbone (base source) was employed in the kinetic studies of the waste cooking oil transesterification for biodiesel production. The kinetic reaction tends towards fitting into a pseudo-first order reaction with activation energy (Ea) and collision factor of 21.4833 kJ/mol and 0.4909𝑠−1 , respectively. The effects of each parameter on the production of biodiesel were highlighted. The physicochemical properties such as the flashpoint (403 K), pour point (281.2 K) and cloud point (283.11 K) of the synthesized biodiesel were also obtained. Furthermore, a test on reusability was performed for the bifunctional catalyst and it was found to retain its catalytic potential until the fifth cycle with a percentage catalyst loss of 7 %. This result indicates that the bifunctional catalyst was effective in the kinetic study of the transesterification of waste cooking oil.
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    Methanolysis of CaO based catalyst derived from egg shell-snail shell-wood ash mixed for fatty acid methylester (FAME) synthesis from a ternary mixture of Irvingia gabonensis -Pentaclethra macrophylla - Elais guineensis oil blend: An application of simplex lattice and central composite design optimization
    (Elsevier, 2020-09-01) Babatunde, Esther Olubunmi
    Considering the large number of wastes produced as wood ash, snail and eggshells around the globe, CaO based catalyst was derived from the thermal treatment of carbon carbonate obtained from the mixture of these wastes for methanolysis synthesis of FAME from the ternary mixture (33:33:34) of Irvingia gabonensis, Pentaclethra macrophylla, and Elais guineensis oil was carried out in this study. Calcined blend catalyst (CBC) was well characterized by SEM, EDX-ray, FTIR and BET analysis. The strength of the basicity of the catalyst was tested by catalyst recyclability via methanolysis of CaO transesterification of ternary blend oil to FAME. Results showed a maximum FAME yield of 98.00 (wt%) with the statistical optimization prediction of 97.33 (wt%) at a reaction time of 64.71 min, catalyst amount of 4.5 wt%, reaction temperature of 61.61 °C, and methanol/oil molar ratio of 8:1 (ml/ml), the predicted value was validated in triplicate to obtain an average FAME of 97.22 (wt%). Catalyst reusability was stopped at the 3rd cycle due to decrease in it activity. Statistical optimization through analysis of variance further confirmed the remarkable significant effects of the independent variables with pvalue < 0.0001. Physicochemical properties of the FAME conformed with biodiesel recommended standard. Results also show that the CaCO3 contained in the mixture of wood ash, snail and eggshells is a promising source for CaO catalyst production for industrial application. 1. Introduction Energy resources come with them abundant socioeconomic potential, providing financial progress for people and energy facilities for indigenous economies. Nevertheless, the infrastructure which brings energy services can cause disruption in energy accidentally, often cause damages, and energy mortalities, with many systems often deaths will happen even when the systems are working as intend (Silva et al., 2013) [1]. Meanwhile, the greatest energy mortalities that resulted from energy generation by humankind are the creation of air pollution. The most deadly of which, generated from the burning of fossil fuels and biomass is estimated to cause deaths annually (Silva et al., 2013) [1]. According to the recent reports by US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in each year, between 2.96 million and 4.21 million premature deaths occur due to fossil (coal, oil and natural gas) fuels. In the US alone, it has been reported