Browsing by Author "Ayeni, Adeseko A."
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Item A Collaborative Authentication Scheme For Intrusion Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks(Faculty of Communication and Information Science, University of Ilorin, 2014) Onidare, Samuel O.; Ayeni, Adeseko A.; Ayeni, Olumuyiwa B.; Adeniran, Temitayo C.Virtually all applications of WSN are critical infrastructures, yet they are characterized by low resource, making them a good and attractive target for network attackers. This necessitate the need for having an energy and resource optimizing security technology or mechanism that will ensure that WSN deployed for such infrastructures are secured at least to a degree from intrusion by malicious entities. Intrusion detection scheme (IDS) in wireless sensor networks (WSN) follows two main approaches namely; single sensing and multiple sensing. This paper presents an algorithm for a collaborative multiple sensor schemes that use the authentication of neighbour nodes and high level sensory data to detect a possible intrusion in a WSN. Besides using a collaborative multiple sensor schemes, the mechanism of the algorithm also incorporates a second layer of authentication which serves to increase the reliability and ruggedness of the proposed IDS. A simple demonstration of how the algorithm works was done through MATLAB simulation. Furthermore, a discussion of the effectiveness of the algorithm for several typical security attacks/threats against WSN was presented.Item Enhancing WCDMA Power Control Mechanism with Channel Prediction(ABACUS, The Journal of the Mathematical Association of Nigeria, 2016) Ayeni, Adeseko A.; Onidare, Samuel O; Babatola, Adekunle; Adeniran, Temitayo C.A good power control algorithm is very essential in a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system. This is to prevent Near - Far effect or Multi - Access Interference (MAI) and its associated effects, which include degradation of channel capacity and signal quality, as well as significant drain of the user equipment (UE) battery power. To solve these problems, there is the need for an effective and efficient power control mechanism to compensate for the fading fluctuations in the transmit power level of the mobile stations (MS) such that the signal power from multiple UE's (Near or far) is made equal at the Base Station. The conventional power control algorithm, based on SIR, may lead to positive feedback or power escalation when the far away MS increases its transmit power to compensate for the interference from the near MS. This paper proposes a method, based on predicting the state of the transmission channels to develop an improved power control mechanism in WCDMA systems. The proposed method uses Kalman filtering and Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control for channel prediction. Some conventional methods of power control in WCDMA such as Fixed Step size method, Quantized Step size method and Ideal Method are examined. The proposed method is then compared with the conventional methods using MATLAB. Analysis of the simulations show that the proposed method recovers faster from deep fades and provides a more steady performance than the conventional methods.Item Experimental Determination of Path Loss Exponent for GSM 900 and 1800 Bands, in Ilorin Metropolis.(ABACUS, The Journal of the Mathematical Association of Nigeria, 2016) Ayeni, Adeseko A.; Onidare, Samuel O; Adebowale, Quadri R.; Adeniran, Temitayo C.The path loss exponent of an environment describes the propagation behaviour of the environment. This paper determines the path loss exponent of the GSM 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands in Ilorin, Kwara state of Nigeria. A comprehensive signal strength measurement campaign, using an Agilent spectrum analyzer, was carried out in 12 different routes representing, virtually, the entire metropolis of Ilorin. In computing the path loss exponent, a different approach from the more frequently used linear regression approach, was used. The experimental data reveal a lot of findings, chief amongst which is the strong influence of the terrain profile on the path loss of the environment. Consequently, the path loss exponent obtained, especially for the GSM 900, is lower than the expected value as reported in the literatures.Item A Frequency Planning Model for Spatial White Space in GSM Cellular Network(African Journal of Computing and ICT, 2015) Onidare, Samuel O.; Ayeni, Adeseko A.; Ayeni, Olumuyiwa B.; Ajagbe, Ajibola OThis work proposes a new approach to better utilization of the radio spectrum in the GSM 900 and 1800 Band, taking advantage of the cellular concept of the GSM radio and the cognitive driven dynamic spectrum access of the next generation wireless technology. The unused channels of a system, within the coverage area, of a particular cell, were identified as spectrum holes, and otherwise referred to as channel holes, in this paper. A model for this system-created, GSM spatial whitespace was formulated. Using the coverage radius of a cell, antenna directivity and other engineering parameters together with frequency planning map of a GSM operator in Ilorin, the capital city of Kwara state in Nigeria, a computation of potential available bandwidth within the coverage area of some GSM cells was done to demonstrate the model. The quantity of white space that can be recovered per cell, shows that there exists higher potential for secondary cognitive usage of the GSM 900 and 1800 band than claimed in reports of several, previous spectrum occupancy measurements. A comparison of the utilization level by this approach with some other works revealed a considerable increase in recoverable spectrum holes in the two GSM bands combined.Item A Frequency Planning Model for Spatial White Space in GSM Cellular Network(African Journal of Computing and ICT, 2015) Onidare, Samuel O.; Ayeni, Adeseko A.; Ayeni, Olumuyiwa B.; Ajagbe, Ajibola OThis work proposes a new approach to better utilization of the radio spectrum in the GSM 900 and 1800 Band, taking advantage of the cellular concept of the GSM radio and the cognitive driven dynamic spectrum access of the next generation wireless technology. The unused channels of a system, within the coverage area, of a particular cell, were identified as spectrum holes, and otherwise referred to as channel holes, in this paper. A model for this system-created, GSM spatial whitespace was formulated. Using the coverage radius of a cell, antenna directivity and other engineering parameters together with frequency planning map of a GSM operator in Ilorin, the capital city of Kwara state in Nigeria, a computation of potential available bandwidth within the coverage area of some GSM cells was done to demonstrate the model. The quantity of white space that can be recovered per cell, shows that there exists higher potential for secondary cognitive usage of the GSM 900 and 1800 band than claimed in reports of several, previous spectrum occupancy measurements. A comparison of the utilization level by this approach with some other works revealed a considerable increase in recoverable spectrum holes in the two GSM bands combined.Item Hamming (7, 4) Coding Algorithm for Data Protection(Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, LAUTECH, Ogbomosho., 2016) Ayeni, Adeseko A.; Yusuf, Saheed O.; Onidare, Samuel O.; Adeyemo, Zacheus K.Data is subject to corruption through the communication channel. In other words, it is prone to error as it traverses the source to destination link. Noise in the communication channel makes it difficult to reproduce a message at the destination end system. While some applications can absorb minimal amount of error, during transmission, for example, when transmitting multimedia data such as video and audio, random errors may be overlooked, but such is not allowed in some applications like text that requires high level of accuracy. For this reason, during transmission, efforts need be made towards the detection and correction of these inevitable errors. Channel coding (divided into convolutional and block codes), especially the block codes, is used to address problems of error detection and correction in data. The popular block coding techniques available are BCH code, Hamming code, Reed-solomon code and Golay code. Problems of channel coding can be addressed by automatic repeat-request (ARQ) approach and forward error correction (FEC) approach. This research work deals with forward error correcting code, specifically Hamming code under the umbrella of channel coding. This work, initially, explains the working of a block code and then Hamming coding is demonstrated both practically, using Visual basic and theoretically, using mathematical equations. The tool which was used to simulate this algorithm is Visual Basic; it was adopted because most Visual Studio IDE features are also used in the same context with Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Visual C# and Visual Basic. The algorithm was designed for Hamming (7, 4) which is capable of detecting and correcting one bit error in the received vector using the concept of syndrome decoding. When four bits of information (x = 4) is transmitted simultaneously over the noisy channel and if one bit is in error in the received vector, then this code can detect and correct one bit error in the receive vector. A codeword length of 7 bits (y = 7) was used and also presented were generator matrix (4×7), a parity check matrix (3×7) and a decoding matrix ( 4×7) to achieve the required Hamming distance.Item HATA, COST - 231, EGLI and ILORIN - A Performance Assessment(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho., 2014) Ayeni, Adeseko A.; Faruk, Nasir; Sowande, Olugbenga A.; Onidare, Samuel O.; Bello, Olayiwola W.; Surajudeen-Bakinde, Nazmat T.Information carried through the wireless medium are subject to impairments due to several events along the route of transmission, leading to path losses. For effective network planning therefore, these events and their effects on radio propagation need to be known and accounted for. In this work, we studied the radio propagation profile, along selected routes in Ilorin, Kwara State due to transmissions from the NTA, Ilorin, the Harmony FM and the University of Ilorin FM transmitters. Each of the routes are divided into segments, as seen, in the figures. The measurements were made, using the N9432C Agilent spectrum analyzer. Analysis, of obtained data, showed that the nature of the environment, affects radio propagation. Even within the same route and all other conditions the same, the models’ relative performances vary, from one segment to the other. The performances of the models corroborate the notion that empirical models are environment-specific.Item Large Spectrum Survey in Rural and Urban Environments, within the 50 MHz - 6 GHz Bands(ELSEVIER, 2016) Faruk, Nasir; Bello, Olayiwola W.; Sowande, Olugbenga A.; Onidare, Samuel O.; Muhammad, Mujaheed Y.; Ayeni, Adeseko A.In-depth spectrum measurement was conducted in rural and urban locations, covering 50 MHz - 6 GHz bands, during the weekdays and weekends. A modified duty cycle metric is presented by introducing a space variable into the existing metrics available today. An adaptive energy detection threshold technique was employed, the results indicate the average spectral occupancy of 0.18%, and 5.08% in rural and urban locations respectively during weekdays and 1.45% on weekends for urban locations. Furthermore, short and long term temporal variations of the duty cycle for each of the bands were studied, and it was found that GSM 900 shows significant temporal variation when compared with GSM 1800. It was also found that the choice of the detection threshold would significantly affect the duty cycle as GSM 900 and 1800 give exponential decay with increase in detection threshold while TV band shows very sharp exponential decay which becomes invariant after -85 dBmItem Practical Error Bounds of Empirical Models at VHF/UHF Bands(2016) Onidare, Samuel O.; Faruk, Nasir; Bello, Olayiwola W.; Mohammed, Mujaheed Y.; Sowande, Olugbenga A.; Ayeni, Adeseko A.Empirical path loss models are widely used to predict signal propagation behavior in an environment. In this paper, a multi-transmitter scenario was used to bound the errors of five widely used empirical propagation path loss models in predicting radio waves propagation in the UHF and VHF bands in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. A drive test was conducted using a dedicated Agilent N9342C spectrum analyzer along seven different routes that span urban and open areas. Three transmitters were utilized in the campaign (National Television Authority NTA Ilorin, Harmony FM and Unilorin FM). The prediction error, root mean square error (RMSE), skewness of the error distribution and the relative error were further computed and presented. Furthermore, the performance of the models were also cor-related with their design parameters and constraints. The analysis reveals that, of the five models investigated, the error bounds of the ECC model is very high, hence its accuracy for Ilorin terrain, while the three models of Cost-231, Hata and Ilorin (a localized model) were below the acceptable tolerable values for the metrics used and the Egli model falls within a reasonable range of the acceptable values of 6-7dB for urban areas and 10-15dB for Suburban and rural areas. For example, while the ECC model recorded RMSE values of 54.11dB, 52.23dB and 52.41dB for the three transmitters, the corresponding values for the Hata model were; 7.9 dB, 8.37 dB and 10.13 dB, for the COST 231 model: 8.46 dB, 10.09 dB and 9.66 dB and for the Ilorin model, the RMSE values were; 8.51 dB, 8.50 dB and 10.57 dB. The RMSE values obtained for the Egli model are 16.77 dB, 14.50 dB and 10.90 dB respectively. Finally, it was found that the error distribution for each model followed the terrain profile of the routes.Item A Smart System For Monitoring Oil Pipeline Installations Using Fiber Optic Sensors(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho., 2015) Akande, Tajudeen A.; Onidare, Samuel O; Ayeni, Olumuyiwa B.; Ayeni, Adeseko A.Oil Pipeline installations are national infrastructures of high economic value. This makes monitoring and protection of such installations against the threat of economic saboteurs a national issue for any government. In this paper, a system for smart monitoring of oil pipeline using optical fiber cable is presented as a solution to the inadequacy of the traditional human and/or animal physical monitoring. The designed system employs fiber optic as sensor laid along the oil pipeline installation and a software that analyses the optical signal generated to determine the occurrence of threat to the installations. The smart system takes advantage of the effect of environmental phenomenon on optical signal traversing the optical fiber sensor in the automated monitoring of oil pipeline installations. On the basis of the mathematical relationship between light intensity and applied pressure, the system is able to determine (against a pre-set threshold), an attempt or the actual vandalization of oil pipeline installation.