Browsing by Author "Ayanniyi, R.O"
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Item ACUTE AND SUBACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES ON METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF TURRAEA VOGELII HOOK. F. EX. BENTH.(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018-03) Ayanniyi, R.O; Olumoh-Abdul, H.A; Ojuade, F.I; Adebisi-Jose, G.O; Rasheed, M.WIn Africa, majority of people rely on medicinal plants for their health care needs as well as for food. There are numerous scientific reports on efficacy of medicinal plants, with limited reports on the safety of these plants. Turraea vogelii Hook. f. ex. Benth. is an ethno medicinal plant indigenous to Tropical Africa. It is used as food, drinks and widely explored in ethno medicine for treatment of various ailments including; wounds, stomach ache, malaria fever, intestinal worms and urogenital infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and subacute oral toxicity of methanol leaf extract of T. vogelii in experimental animals. Acute oral toxicity was determined following OECD guideline 423. Doses of 125, 250, 500 mg/kg were administered for 28 days in the subacute oral toxicity study. Effect of extract on haematological parameters, liver and kidney function markers were determined. The acute oral toxicity of Turraea vogelii was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. The extract had no significant effect on haematological parameters, liver and renal function parameters when compared with the control. The extract however produced inflammatory changes and alterations in morphology of the liver. The results from this study shows that the methanol leaf extract of Turraea vogelii produced toxic effects on the liver when repeated oral doses were administered.Item ACUTE AND SUBACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES ON METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF TURRAEA VOGELII HOOK. F. EX. BENTH.(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2018) Ayanniyi, R.O; Abdul-Olumoh, H.A; Ojuade, F.I; Adebisi-jose, G.O; Rasheed, M.WIn Africa, majority of people rely on medicinal plants for their health care needs as well as for food. There are numerous scientific reports on efficacy of medicinal plants, with limited reports on the safety of these plants. Turraea vogelii Hook. f. ex. Benth. is an ethno medicinal plant indigenous to Tropical Africa. It is used as food, drinks and widely explored in ethno medicine for treatment of various ailments including; wounds, stomach ache, malaria fever, intestinal worms and urogenital infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and subacute oral toxicity of methanol leaf extract of T. vogelii in experimental animals. Acute oral toxicity was determined following OECD guideline 423. Doses of 125, 250, 500 mg/kg were administered for 28 days in the subacute oral toxicity study. Effect of extract on haematological parameters, liver and kidney function markers were determined. The acute oral toxicity of Turraea vogelii was estimated to be greater than 2000mg/kg. The extract had no significant effect on haematological parameters, liver and renal function parameters when compared with the control. The extract however produced inflammatory changes and alterations in morphology of the liver. The results from this study shows that the methanol leaf extract of Turraea vogelii produced toxic effects on the liver when repeated oral doses were administered.Item Anti-Inflammatory and Diuretic Activities of the Methanol Leaf Extracts of Moringa Oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) and Andrographis Paniculata Burm. F. (Acanthaceae)(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2016) Lawal, B.A; Salawu, K.M; Agunu, A; Adedoyin, I.R; Abdul-Ganiy, G.O; Ayanniyi, R.OMoringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) and Andrographis paniculata Burm.f. (Acanthaceae) are commonly used medicine plants in several parts of Nigeria. The leaf extract of M. oleifera (MO) has been extensively studied and used traditionally for its anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities. Because of the wide medicinal benefits of these plants they are often used together in polyherbal formulation(s). This study was aimed at evaluating some biological activities of MO and A. paniculata (AP) administered singly and in combination. This aim was pursued using in vivo acute toxicity study, formalin induced rat paw edema and diuretic assay. The leaf extracts MO and AP were observed to be safe up to 5000 mg/kg body weight. The extract of MO and AP at 100 mg/kg body weight displayed 69.44 and 10.10 % inhibition of rat paw edema respectively, while the combination of extract elicited weaker inhibition (11.29 %) of paw volume. The extract of MO and AP when administered singly and in various combination at different doses elicited similar diuretic activity compared to the hydrochlorothiazide except at a combined dose of MO 50 mg/kg + AP 50 mg/kg, where the urine volume (1.27±0.60 mL) was lower compared to the negative control (1.62±0.52 mL). The extracts of MO and AP were observed to be relatively safe. The extract of MO had significant anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities compared to AP. However the combination of both plants extracts led to inhibition of the anti-inflammatory and diuretic activities of MO.Item CHARACTERIZATION, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIALS OF A HERBAL PREPARATION(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 2019) Njinga, N.S; Bakare-Odunola, M.T; Mustapha, K.B; Yahaya, T; Shittu, A.O; Bello, H.R; Usman, S.O; Ayanniyi, R.O; Olufadi, H.YHerbal product (HP) (from Ricinus communis and honey) is used locally for the management of inflammatory and inflammation related disorders including asthma. The current study was carried out to determine the phytochemicals, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, chemical profile, elemental components, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of the HP used for treatment of asthma. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteus reagent and AlCl3 colorimetric method respectively. The chemo-profiling was done using TLC. Elemental analysis was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Albumin-induced paw oedema model was used to determine the anti-inflammatory activity while agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the HP at different concentrations. Flavonoids, saponins, alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, steroids and terpenoids were detected in the HP. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents obtained were 10.00 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 336.60 mg/g quercetin equivalent respectively. The chemo-profiling showed one spot at 254 nm but none at 366 nm. AAS indicated the presence of K, Ca, Fe, Na, Zn, Cu and Pb (Cu and Pb were within WHO acceptable limit). The 100 % concentration produced sudden but transient significant reduction in oedema size at 30 minutes. However, at 60 minutes the effect produced at 25 % was comparable to that of Ibuprofen at 20 mg/kg body weight. At 100% concentration HP all the organisms tested were sensitive except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The presence of flavonoids may justify the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities thus validating its use in local treatment of Asthma.Item Effect of Co - Administration of Artemether and Nevirapine on Hepato-Renal Functions in Wistar Rats(2017) Anafi, S.H; Kwanashie, H.O; Anuka, J.A; Ayanniyi, R.OMalarial and Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) infections occur together in many parts of the world creating the need for co-administration of antimalarial and antiretroviral drugs with potential for drug interactions. This study investigated the effect of co-administration of artemether (ART) and nevirapine (NVP) on liver enzymes and kidney functions in both non-immuno-compromised and immuno-compromised Wistar rats. Animals were divided into six (6) groups of 6 rats each. Groups 4, 5 and 6 received 30 mg/kg NVP daily for 21 days. Groups 1, 2 and 3 received 3%v/v Tween 80 (T80) from days 1-21; and in addition groups 2 and 3 received 5 mg/kg ART (ART5) and 10 mg/kg ART (ART10) respectively from days 15-21. Groups 5 and 6 also received ART5 and ART10 respectively in addition to NVP from days 15 to 21 and all drugs were administered intraperitoneally. On day 22, animals were sacrificed and sera obtained. Alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were determined using standard kinetic methods. Total protein, albumin, creatinine and urea levels were determined using enzyme selectra XL machine. In a separate experiment, the above protocol was repeated in rats administered (immuno-compromised) with dexamethasone 20 mg/kg on day 1 followed by booster doses of 10 and 5 mg/kg on days 8 and 15 respectively. Statistically significant increases (p<0.05) in ALP and ALT were observed in NVP alone and NVP-ART10 groups in both non-immuno-compromised and immuno-compromised rats respectively. In immuno-compromised rats, significant increase (p<0.05) in ALP was also observed in NVP-ART10 group. No changes were observed in total protein, albumin and urea in both groups. However, a significant increase (p<0.05) in creatinine was observed in NVP-ART10 administered group in both non-immuno-compromised and immunocompromised rats. Alterations in ALP, ALT and creatinine observed suggest impairment in normal liver and kidney functions, hence the need for precautionary measures when ART and NVP are co-administered.Item Electrolyte Profile of Epileptic Patients on Carbamazepine Monotherapy(College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2016) Ayanniyi, R.O; Biliaminu, S.A; Wahab, K.W; Sanya, E.O; Ighodalo, M; Oyeleke, S.A; Ologe, M.OEpileptic seizures result from disruption in electrical activity among neurons. Adequate amount ofelectrolytes is essential for a healthy nervous system. The existing knowledge on the impact of antiepileptic drugs on serum electrolyte is still controversial. This study was designed to determine the effects of long term use of carbamazepine on serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase in complex partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizure patients at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. It was a cross-sectional study involving 23 seizure disorder adult patients on carbamazepine monotherapy. Serum was analyzed for calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and albumin using complexometric and colorimetric methods. Serum concentration of calcium (albumin adjusted calcium 3.47±0.09) and alkaline phoshatase (261.87±14.53) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in subjects on carbamazepine compared to the control drugs group (2.64±0.04 and 146.67±4.11) respectively. In addition serum concentration of magnesium (1.35±0.04) was significantly higher in the subjects compared to the control group (1.04±0.02) but within the normal range. Inorganic phosphate though significantly lower in the subjects was also within the normal range. In the control group, serum concentration of calcium was strongly correlated with concentration of magnesium, alkaline phoshatase and inorganic phosphate. This linearity was lost completely in epileptic patients on carbamazepine. In this study, an increase in serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, magnesium and a decrease in inorganic phosphate were found in epileptic patients on carbamazepine monotherapy. Monitoring serum concentration of these electrolytes may be of benefit to the patients’ management.Item Evaluation of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of leaf extract of Turraea vogelli Hook. f. ex. Benth(Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Scences, 2019-01) Ayanniyi, R.O; Ojuade, F.I; Olumoh-Abdul, H.A; Salawu, M.K; Olufadi-Ahmed, Haishat; Adebisi-Jose, O. GbemisolaThe leaf extract of Turraea vogelii Hook. f. ex. Benth. is used in ethnomedicine for the management of pain and inflammation. Anti-nociceptive activity was determined using acetic acid-induced mouse writhing model. The antiinflammatory activity was investigated using in-vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation assay and BSA-induced hind paw edema in rats. The extract (125-500 mg/kg) administered via the oral route produced a significant (p<0.005) inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhes. The percent inhibition of writhes for extract (500 mg/kg) and diclofenac (10 mg/kg) was 53.3 and 59.5% respectively. The methanol extract (10-6 -1.0 µg/mL) inhibited protein denaturation with IC50values of (1.06 × 10-3 µg/mL and 2.58 × 10-3 µg/mL) for extract and diclofenac respectively. Furthermore, the leaf extract (62.5 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) inhibited BSA-induced paw edema in rats. The methanol leaf extract of T. vogelii has anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. These findings justify the use of the plant in traditional medicine for the management of pain and inflammation.Item Evaluation of Nutraceutical content and topical Anti-inflammatory Activities of Turraea vogelii Hook F. Ex Benth (Meliaceae)(Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 2019-02) Olumoh-Abdul, H.A; Ayanniyi, R.O; Ojuade, F.I; Agbana, R.JBackground: Turraea vogelii has been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of ailments including wounds, stomach aches, malaria, infections, filariasis cutaneous, among others and, it serves as source of food. The present study aimed to evaluate the nutraceuticals content and topical anti-inflammatory effect of hydro-methanol twig extract of Turraea vogelii (METV). Method: METV was obtained using cold maceration with water and methanol in ratio 30:70. The concentration of vitamins A, C and E, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were evaluated by UV spectrophotometric method. Phenol and xylene-induced ear edema was used to evaluate the topical anti-inflammatory effect in mice. Results: The concentration of vitamins A, C and E was found to be 0.113 0.006, 9.303 0.012 and 0.020 0.001 mg in 100g of dried plant materials, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 0.281 0.318 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 0.112 mg/g quercetin equivalent, respectively. Topical application of METV at a dose of 25 and 50mg/ear in xylene-induced ear edema produced significant inhibition (P<0.05) of 33 and 54% while in phenol-induced ear edema was significantly (P< 0.05) reduced by 44% and 34%. Dexamethasone (0.1mg/ear) produced an inhibition of 83% and 57% in phenol-induced ear edema. Conclusion: Results from this study demonstrated that Turraea vogelii twigs contain flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which may be responsible for the topical anti-inflammatory effect of the plant extract.Item Extractive Values and Diuretic Activity of Methanol Extract of Three Varieties of Hibisicus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) in Wistar Albino Rats(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Ilorin, 2018) Usman, S.O; Ayanniyi, R.O; Abdullah, A.A; Musa, M; Lawal, B.A; Attah, F.AHibiscus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) is widely cultivated in Nigeria as food and for medicinal purposes. The calyx is the most frequently used part of the plant and has been reported to have antioxidant, antihypertensive and diuretic activity. The aim of the present study is to determine the extractive values and diuretic activity of three varieties of H. sabdariffa. Aqueous, methanol, ethanol, chloroform and hexane soluble extractive values were determined. The effect of the extracts of H. sabdariffa on urine output was evaluated and the concentration of sodium and potassium in blood was also determined. The results showed that water extract had the highest extractive value (32.90%, 26.50% and 29.00%) for the three varieties (Dark red, Light red and Green) respectively. H. sabdariffa extract (100 mg/kg G) produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in urine output compared to the control. The diuretic activity of extract was comparable with the standard drug Hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg). The other species of H. sabdariffa extract produced no significant increase in urine output. H. sabdariffa extract (200 mg/kg G) showed a significant (p<0.05) natriuretic activity compared to control. There was no significance difference in the serum potassium levels for all the three varieties at the doses employed. The study showed that water is the most suitable solvent for extraction of the calyx of H. sabdariffa and the green variety produced a significant increase in urine output with potassium sparing activity.Item Hypotensive activity of aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus Linn. (Euphorbiaceae)(Library and Publications Committee University of Ilorin, 2014) Ayanniyi, R.O; Maiha, B.B; Salawu, O.A; Jimoh Akanbi, M.JCroton zambesicus is a highly valued medicinal plant in Nigeria and in the West African sub-region. It is used by traditional medicine practitioners in the treatment of various ailments including hypertension. This study aims to determine the hypotensive activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus in experimental animals. The hypotensive activity of the aqueous extract was assessed in anaesthetized normotensive cats and effect of the extract on isolated right atrium of the guinea pig and isolated perfused heart of the rabbit were also determined. The aqueous extract (20-40 mg/kg i.v.) produced a significant (P<0.001) reduction in the blood pressure of the anaesthetized normotensive cat. The extract (2.5 mg/ml) produced a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the tone and rate of contraction of the isolated right atrium of the guinea pig. In addition, the extract (6.4 mg/ml) inhibited isoprenaline (10 nM)-induced contraction of the isolated rabbit heart. The data obtained from this study revealed that the aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus has hypotensive and cardiac depressant activities. These findings provide a pharmacologic basis for use of the plant in management of hypertension in traditional medicine.Item Phytochemical screening and evaluation of diuretic activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) in albino rats.(Library and Publications Committee University of Ilorin, 2016) Ayanniyi, R.O; Maiha, B.B; Biliamin, S.A; Jimoh Akanbi, M.HBackground: Non optimal blood pressure has been reported as a leading cause of death globally. Croton zambesicus is a highly valued medicinal plant in Nigeria and the West African sub-region. It is used by traditional medicine practitioners in the management of hypertension. This study aims to determine the phytochemical constituents and evaluate the diuretic activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus in albino rats. Methods: The aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus was screened for phytochemical constituents. The effect of aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus on urine output was evaluated and the concentration of sodium and potassium in urine was also determined. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous leaf extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. The aqueous extract (10 mg/kg) produced significant (p<0.001) increase in urine output when compared to the control and hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg) administered groups. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in Na+ and K+ concentrations of urine. The results obtained from this study revealed the aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus contains bioactive constituents which includes; flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenes, alkaoids and cardiac glycosides. In addition, the leaf extract produced an increase in urine output comparable to that produced by hydrochlorothiazide.Item Phytochemical, elemental, antioxidant, antimicrobial and hypoglycemic studies of a mixed herbal product used for the management of diabetics(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, 2018-08-24) Bakare-Odunola, M.T; Njinga, N.S; Ayanniyi, R.O; Bello, M.K.; Saad, S.TMedicinal plants are important sources of disease-preventing compounds, which are important for the treatment of various health challenges such as diabetes. On an aqueous extract of a herbal product (HP) used for the management of diabetes, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and AlCl3 method respectively. Microbiological evaluation was done by determining the total viable, yeast, mould and coliform bacteria count. The elemental analysis was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometer. The acute toxicity was done using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline while the hypoglycemic activity was evaluated using alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Flavonoids, saponins, alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, steroids and terpenoids were detected in the HP. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents obtained was 1.58±0.001mg/g quercetin equivalent and 10.84±0.003 mg/g gallic acid equivalent respectively. Heavy metals Fe and Zn were present while Cu, Cd, Cr and Pb were absent. Na and K were also present at concentrations of 3.90 and 2.20mg·kg−1 respectively. The total viable and coliform counts were found to be 1.34 x 105and 9.0 x 104 cfu/g respectively while there was absence of mould and yeast in the HP. The LD50 of the HP was found to be above 5000 mg/kg. At dose of 125 mg/kg, the HP significantly (P<005) reduced glucose level to 143 mg/dL after 4 hours and to 123 mg/dL after 8 hours. The phytochemicals present, safety and the anti-diabetic activity justify the use of this HP in the management of diabetes.Item The Protective Effect of Croton zambesicus against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Renal Toxicity in Rats(Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 2019-02) Ayanniyi, R.O; Olumoh-Abdul, H.A; Ojuade, F.I; Abdullahi, R.ABackground: The leaf extract of Croton zambesicus (CZ) is used in traditional medicine for the management of various conditions including kidney disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the protective effects of leaf extract of CZ on rat kidney toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride. Method: Male albino rats were divided into 6 groups of 5 rats and treated for 5 days with aqueous extract (200-400 mg/kg) and n-butanol fraction (20-40 mg/kg) of CZ. Carbon tetrachloride (2 ml/kg of 40% in olive oil) was administered subcutaneously for 3 days and the rats were treated with the extract and fraction for 3 days. Animals were euthanized on day 8 with intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (60 mg/kg) and xylazine (7.5 mg/kg). Blood sample was collected for the analysis of serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine. Kidney tissue was harvested to determine the antioxidant enzyme activity. Results: Carbon tetrachloride produced increased serum sodium ion, chloride ion, urea and creatinine with decreased superoxide, catalase, glutathione, oxidized glutathione and an increase in malondialdehyde concentration. Treatment of rats with the aqueous leaf extract and n-butanol fraction attenuated the toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride on kidney with a significant decline in serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine and a significant increase in the concentration of antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion: Results from this study revealed that the aqueous leaf extract and n-butanol fraction of CZ had protective effect against carbon tetrachloride-induced renal toxicity in rats, thus justifying the consideration of this plant for the management of kidney disease.