Browsing by Author "Anyebe, E.E."
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Item An Assessment of Stress amongst Nurses in Zaria Metropolis, Northwest Nigeria(West African College of Nursing, 2014) Anyebe, E.E.; Garba, S.N.; Ukut, C.I.; Lawal, H.Nursing is one of the most stressful occupations in the world. However, many nurses especially in Nigeria do not have an idea of how much stress they and how it affects their professional functioning. This study was undertaken to measure to the level of stress amongst nurses working at different tiers of hospital settings in Zaria, and to determine the sociodemographic attributes of the nurses in relation their level of stress. Two hundred and seventy-three (273) from three hospitals were selected through a combination of stratified and convenience methods from a Federal, State and a Faith-based hospital. The Kinzel’s Scale for measuring stress in Clinical Nurses was adopted for data collection and data were analysed using SPSS version 17. findings indicated that most (87.2%) nurses in Zaria are experiencing between high and extreme stress levels in their workplaces; levels that are theoretically incompatible with normal functioning. Manpower shortages and lack of equipment to carry out effective nursing care in government hospitals and poor inducements in faith-based health facilities appear to be the major stressors for nurses. Suggestions are made for urgent stress management interventions for nurses by all categories of health administrators, nurse leaders and educators to improve the quality of nursing care and to save nurses from the effects of high stress levelsItem Assessment of perceived family psychological support among depressed patients in two psychiatric hospitals in Kaduna State.(College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2020) Olorukooba, H.O.; Tukur, B.M.; Sheikh, T.L.; Anyebe, E.E.; Olorukooba, A.A.; Okesina, K.B.; Hayat, G.; Ibitoye, B.M.A family member experiencing mental illness or any other challenge usually finds the family as the first point of support. Family members supply the required psychological support and care for the affected family member. This study assessed the perceived family psychological support among depressed patients in Psychiatric Hospitals, Kaduna State Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive cross sectional research design. One hundred and forty-four (144) depressed patients were randomly selected from Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital and Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital (FNPH) both in Kaduna State. Statistical package social sciences (SPSS) version 22, was used to analyse the data. The results showed that 40% of the 144 participants claimed to be psychologically supported by their families. This means that less than half of the depressed patients under review, had high level of perceived psychological support from their family members. Females received more family psychological support than their male counterparts. Recovery rate, using the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), was significantly correlated with the level of family members’ psychological support. It is therefore, recommended that more focus should be placed on enhancing more family psychological supports for depressed patients most especially in the areas of encouragement towards health education, religious and / or spiritual activities, brightening the moods of their patients, and more moral support. Also, family focused psycho education should be provided to family members of depressed patients by the professional care givers.Item Barriers to optimal care and strategies to promote safe and optimal management of sick young infants during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-country formative research study.(Edinburgh University Global Health Society: Journal of Global Health, 2022) PSBI Formative Research Study Group; --------; Wammanda, R.D.; Hassan, L.; Hassan, I.; Anyebe, E.E.Background: Essential health and nutrition services for pregnant women, newborns, and children, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), are disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This formative research was conducted at five LMICs to understand the pandemic’s impact on barriers to and mitigation for strategies of care-seeking and managing possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) in young infants. Methods: We used a convergent parallel mixed-method design to explore the possible factors influencing PSBI management, barriers, and facilitators at three levels: 1) national and local policy, 2) the health systems, public and private facilities, and 3) community and caregivers. We ascertained trends in service provision and utilisation across pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods by examining facility records and community health worker registers. Results: The pandemic aggravated pre-existing challenges in the identification of young infants with PSBI; care-seeking, referral, and treatment due to several factors at the policy level (limited staff and resource reallocation), health facility level (staff quarantine, sub-optimal treatment in facilities, limited duration of service availability, lack of clear guidelines on the management of sick young infants, and inadequate supplies of protective kits and essential medicines) and at the community level (travel restrictions, lack of transportation, and fear of contracting the infection in hospitals). Care-seeking shifted to faith healers, traditional and informal private sources, or home remedies. However, caregivers were willing to admit their sick young infants to the hospital if advised by doctors. A review of facility records showed low attendance (<50%) of sick young infants in the OPD/emergencies during lockdowns in Bangladesh, India (both sites) and Pakistan, but it gradually increased as lockdowns eased. Stakeholders suggested aspirational and pragmatic mitigation strategies. Conclusions: We obtained useful insights on health system preparedness during catastrophes and strategies to strengthen services and improve utilisation re garding PSBI management. The current pandemic provides an opportunity for implementing various mitigation strategies at the policy, health system, and community levels to improve preparedness.Item Barriers to the provision of community-based mental health services at primary healthcare level in northern Nigeria – A mixed methods study; International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences;(Elsevier Publisher: International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 2021-11-02) Anyebe, E.E.; Olisah, V.O.; Garba, S.N.; Murtala, H.H.; Danjuma, A.This study examined the barriers associated with the level of community-based mental health services in three selected States in northern Nigeria. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from a convenient sample of 191 primary healthcare (PHC) service providers and a purposive sample of 13 primary healthcare system administrators and managers at both State and Local government levels through a WHO/WFMH 10-factor questionnaire and literature-derived guide for in-depth interviews (IDIs). Quantitative data analysis was un dertaken using simple descriptive measures (with the use of IBM Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 23.0) while the qualitative data was thematically analysed to complement the quantitative data. Results show that in all the study States, poor funding, lack of skilled mental health human resource and inadequate training of available personnel were identified as the major barriers to provision of mental health services at the community level. Socio-cultural factors such as community rejection of the services, stigma and misconceptions were re ported as second-grade barriers. It is concluded that PHC administrators, coordinators and service providers agree that fallouts of policy failure and lack of political will at Federal, State and Local government levels and socio-cultural dynamics constitute barriers to community based mental health services. Efforts towards improving the provision of these services need to focus more on healthcare policy issues and political machinery of the governments while motivating available service providers to increase community psycho-education in their respective centres and host communities. This should be done as short-, medium- and long-term measures.Item Evaluation of Food Handling Practices Before, During and After Preparation Among Food Vendors in Ilorin Kwara State(Faculty of Health Sciences, Al-Hikman University, Ilorin, 2022) Olubiyi, S.K; Ibrahim, T. J; Umar, N.J.; Anyebe, E.E.; Olubiyi, I.J; Lawal, A. S.; Canis, I; Omotoriogun, M; Kayode, O.OFood is an important basic necessity that provides nutrient and energy for growth and development of humans. Food handlers play a crucial role in ensuring food hygiene as well as the transmission of food poisoning. This study was aimed at assessing knowledge, practices of food handling and identify the associated factors for safe food handling among selected food handlers in GRA Ilorin. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out on 191 food handlers that met the inclusion criteria. Data was collected using a pre tested questionnaires with the aid of research assistants and analyzed using SPSS version 28.0. The majority of food handlers were aged 25 to 35 years. 85% of food handlers had acceptable knowledge about food hygiene but good practice was practiced by very few handlers. 50.3% did not keep the work surface clean and disinfected, 25.7% dried dishes with their aprons, 47.1% cooked meat for 45 minutes, 39.8% did not wash vegetables before cooking, 48.7% had long nails and 40.3% continue to work even though they had an infectious disease like flue. The knowledge and attitude about food hygiene was good amongst food handlers but the practice of food hygiene was only fair. Direct observation of hygiene practices observation amongst these handlers revealed that most of them dried their hands with their aprons after washing them. The responsible authority should therefore continuously inspect these restaurants and set up safety precautions to protect the publicItem Examination Phobia, Substance Abuse and Academic Achievements of Students of College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Nigeria(Department of Health promotion and Environmental Health Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin., 2018) Afolayan, J.A.; Forsma, F.W.; Anyebe, E.E.; Dada, L.T.The link between academic performance and factors such as emotional situations and responses to such emotions among students of health sciences is an area currently attracting profuse empirical investigation. This study investigated the relationship between examination phobia, substance abuse and academic performance of undergraduate students of a College of Health Sciences, South-South Nigeria. Four research questions guided this study. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, a questionnaire (the Students' Phobia and Substance Abuse Questionnaire - SPSQ) was used to collect data from 200 participants from the four faculties, selected via a combination of stratified random and convenient sampling methods. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test statistical measures). The results indicated that examination phobia and Examination Phobia, Substance Abuse and Academic Achievements of Students 0(substance abuse are inversely related to academic achievements of the student College of Health Sciences. These are related to the socio-demographic variable of the students. Students should be therefore taught effective coping strategies to build confidence prior to exercises such as examinations while frequent continuous assessments should be encouraged. University authorities and other government and non-governmental agencies also need to be more be proactive in the prevention and control of substance (drug) abuse.Item Exploring the Experiences of Survivors of Rural Banditry in Assessing Mental Health Services in Zamfara, North-West, Nigeria: A Qualitative Study(Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin: International Journal of Advanced Research in Multidisciplinary Studies (IJARMS ), 2023-12-03) Yalwa, T.; Balarabe, F.; Gomma, H.I.M.; Musa, H.A.; Sheik, L.T.; Anyebe, E.E.; Lawal, Y.There are several reports of armed-conflict resulting in to killings, kidnapping, sexual violence and destruction of properties in North West Nigeria. Banditry has been linked to mental health disorders including depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorders. However, the provision of quality mental health services and psychological (QMHSP) interventions are essential in preventing development of mental health problems. The objective of this paper was to explore the experiences of accessing mental health services among survivors of rural banditry in North West Nigeria. Employing an interpretive phenomenological design, thirteen participants were purposively selected to the point of data saturation. Indepth interview was used as a data collection tool. Data collected were thematically analyzed using the Braun and Clarke six steps of thematic analysis supported by NVivo 12. Three major themes emerged: Accessibility to QMHPS; Factors influencing accessibility to QMHPS and Factors influencing utilization. Detailed findings from the study shall be presented. Overall, finding highlights a lack of awareness of the availability of mental health services, and a lack of accessibility and availability of quality mental health services within the geographical location. These may worsen the mental health problems of these survivors. Therefore, investing in provision of mental health services and the need for intervention strategies such as implementing policies, equipping the healthcare sector, and fostering partnerships to mitigate the consequences of insecurity on the population. It is also important for the government to establish policies that may require home-based agencies to prioritize mental healthcare for those affected..Item Factors Influencing the Attitude of Urban Residents Toward People Living with Mental Illness in Northwest, Nigeria(Kampala International University, Uganda, 2023-04-20) Murtala, H.H.,; Haddad, M.M.; Abubakar, A.A.; Anyebe, E.E.; Umar, M.U.Abstract: Objectives: The study investigated respondents’ attitudes toward people living with mental, illness the relationship between attitude toward those individuals and socio-demographic characteristics, and factors influencing attitudes toward those individuals among urban residents of North-western Nigeria. Methods and Material: An analytic cross-sectional design was adopted to interview 435 respondents recruited using a multistage sampling technique. A structured interviewer-guided questionnaire was used to obtain data, organized and analyzed with SPSS version 20. The data were summarized using frequency distribution tables and percentages. Chi-square was used to test the relationship between attitude scores of people with mental health issues and sociodemographic characteristics at a 5% level of significance, within a 95% confidence interval. Results: Half (50.8%) of respondents had a positive attitude toward people living with mental illness. Statistically, significant association was found between attitude toward those individuals and age (χ2=403.026, p=<0.0001), gender (χ2=158.303, p=<0.0001), religion (χ2=65.527, p=<0.0001), ethnicity (χ2=230.851, p=<0.0001), educational status (χ2=268.044, p=<0.0001) and occupation (χ2=293.922, p=<0.0001) of the respondents. Factors influencing attitude to people with mental health issues were gender (84.7%), literacy level (72.0%), age (76.4%) and severity of illness (76.4%), previous encounters with individuals living with mental illness (77.6%) as well as fear of individuals with mental illness (86.0%). Conclusions: Approximately half of the respondents indicated a negative attitude towards people with mental health issues. Thus, advocacy for, and educating community members toward individuals with mental illness might improve positive attitudes toward mental health issues. Further exploring cultural perspectives will aid in improving positive attitudes towards people with mental health issues.Item Factors Influencing the Attitude of Urban Residents Toward People Living with Mental Illness in Northwest, Nigeria(Kampala International University, Uganda, 2023-04-20) Murtala, H.H.; Haddad, M.M.; Abubakar, A.A.; Anyebe, E.E.; Umar, M.U.; Alhassan, M.Objectives: The study investigated respondents’ attitudes toward people living with mental, illness the relationship between attitude toward those individuals and socio-demographic characteristics, and factors influencing attitude toward those individuals among urban residents of North-western Nigeria. Methods and Material: An analytic cross-sectional design adopted to interview 435 respondents recruited using multistage sampling technique. A structured interviewer-guided questionnaire was used to obtain data, organized and analyzed with SPSS version 20. The data were summarized using frequency distribution tables and percentages. Chi-square was used to test the relationship between attitude scores on people with mental health issues and socio-demographic characteristics at 5% level of significance, within a 95% confidence interval. Results: Half (50.8%) of respondents had a positive attitude toward people living with mental illness. Statistically, significant association was found between attitude toward those individuals and age (χ2=403.026, p=<0.0001), gender (χ2=158.303, p=<0.0001), religion (χ2=65.527, p=<0.0001), ethnicity (χ2=230.851, p=<0.0001), educational status (χ2=268.044, p=<0.0001) and occupation (χ2=293.922, p=<0.0001) of the respondents. Factors influencing attitude to people with mental health issues were gender (84.7%), literacy level (72.0%), age (76.4%) and severity of illness (76.4%), previous encounters with individuals living with mental illness (77.6%) as well as fear of individuals with mental illness (86.0%). Conclusions: Approximately half of the respondents indicated negative attitude towards people with mental health issues. Thus, advocacy for, and educating community members toward individuals with mental illness might improve positive attitudes toward mental health issues. Further exploring cultural perspectives will aid in improving positive attitudes towards people with mental health issues.Item Health Education Intervention on Knowledge and Accessibility of Pregnant Women to antenatal Care Services in Edu Kwara State, Nigeria; International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences; Vol. 6(2); 154–160,(Women's Reproductive Health Research Centre: International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences, 2017-10-02) Umar N.J.; Garba, S.N.; Olusegun, B.; Anyebe, E.E.; Aliyu, U.; Abdukadir K.Objectives: Poor knowledge about importance of early antenatal care visit and awareness on health risk during pregnancy among pregnant women prevented them from accessing early antenatal care services. This study examined the impact of health education intervention (HEI) on access to antenatal care services by pregnant women in Edu Local Government Area (LGA), Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental research employing pre-test and post-test control group design was adopted. A researchers-designed questionnaire was used for data collection and the split-half test of reliability was used to determine its reliability. One hundred and twenty pregnant women were exposed to 10 weeks of HEI after pre-test, 60 experimental groups were exposed to the lectures on antenatal care services, and 60 control groups were exposed to HIV/AIDS sessions, followed by post-test. The descriptive statistics was used to answer research questions, while the inferential statistics of t-test was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 significance level. Results: This study showed upward shift from pre-intervention mean of 71.08 to 93.33 post intervention mean in the experimental groups which implied the positive impact of HEI on the knowledge and willingness of pregnant women to access antenatal care services in Edu LGA. Conclusions: It was concluded that HEI could have positive impact on the knowledge and willingness of pregnant women to access antenatal care services, hence HEI needs to be sustained to improve the pregnant women’s health-seeking behaviors about antenatal care services in Edu LGA.Item How many nurses work in Private Hospitals in Nigeria? A study of selected hospitals in Zaria, Northern Nigeria(West African College of Nursing., 2012) Anyebe, E.E.; Okeme, M.I.; Ikem, V.; Lawal, H.This study was carried out to assess the nursing staff strength of private hospitals and clinics in Zaria northern Nigeria, with a view to determining the degree of quackery. A cross-sectional design was used to study twenty randomly selected private hospitals. Two sets of questionnaires were used to collect data from hospital directors and nurse staff. Many of the hospitals would not participate in the study and some staff of the consenting hospitals also .declinedItem Infection prevention control practices and strategies against hospital acquired infection among nurses in a tertiary health institution in South West Nigeria(Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, Al-Hikman University, Ilorin, 2021) Olubiyi, S.K.; Anyebe, E.E.Many factors might promote hospital acquired infections but hospitals and organizations have developed effective techniques to prevent or reduce the incident of hospital acquired infections. The study assessed infection prevention and control strategies in reducing hospital acquired infection among nurses in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. A descriptive survey research design and self-structured questionnaire with four sections was used in the data collection over a period of one month. A convenience sample of 139 respondents was selected using Cochran’s Formula for the study. Validity and Reliability of the instrument was determined. Data collected were analyzed descriptively and inferentially (at level of significance of 0.05) using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 25. The study reveals that 65(48.1%) of the respondents with average mean score of 4.1 strongly believed that all health workers, especially nurses should practice universal precautions, 57(42.2%) with the average mean score of 4.0 strongly affirmed that utilization of infection prevention and control is of utmost importance especially in the reduction of hospital acquired infection. The most common infection prevention and control practices among the nurses were disposing of sharps into safety box and usage of color coding bags (n=43; 32%), while 100(74%) and 87(65%) of the respondents with average the mean score of 50 and 40 respectively attributed effective utilization of infection prevention and control practices to inadequate supply of waste disposal and unavailability of water to wash hands. Based on the findings of the study, it is therefore recommended that continuous training of hospital staff on hospital policies regarding infection prevention and control. Hospital management should prioritize large allocation for purchase of hospital utilities, especially those items used for infectious waste segregation and managementItem Introducing the Vice Syndrome Theory (VST): A Model of Nursing Administration(Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates: Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care, 2021) Anyebe, E.E.; Arogundade, T.A.; Popoola, R.A.; Bello, B.D.Among the many contributions of Professor Rasidi Akinade Salawu to nursing profession in Nigeria, is his introduction into nursing of a model about the prevailing administrative and managerial environment in nursing. Although not formally documented all these years, many nurse managers, his colleagues as well as students (like us) who have encountered him have informally experienced and applied the tenets of this model in their day-to-day running of their wards and units. Drawing from Management and Nursing Science philosophies, Rasidi Akinade Salawu developed the Vice Syndrome Theory which has led to a better understanding of the intrigues and patterns in the working relationships between heads of units/departments/organisations and their deputies within the nursing circles. This presentation aims at sensitising the nursing (and general) scientific world to increase the awareness of this model, and increase its acceptance as an explanation for administrative processes and its application in a variety of research settings. This model has great potential to make nursing administration more robust with sound scientific explanations. It will be an alternative paradigm for describing, explaining and predicting and therefore controlling issues of leader-deputy (“boss-vice”) engagements.Item Level of Preparedness of Nurses about Disaster Management in a Tertiary Health Institution in North West Nigeria(Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, 2021) Anyebe, E.E.; Olubiyi, S.K.; Igbinlade, A.S.; Olufemi, S.K.; Lawal, H.; Umar, N.J.Disasters are unpredictable events killing and affecting people destroy properties and disrupt environment. In such situations, nurses vital role in treatment and rehabilitation is crucial. Hence, disaster preparation by nurses becomes eminent. This study aims at assessing the knowledge, attitude and level of preparedness of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Nurses in events of disaster. A descriptive cross sectional survey with 338 respondents selected by convenience and stratified sampling. Data collected using a self-constructed open and close ended questionnaire. Data was analysed using simple descriptive tables and charts. Findings showed that nurses’ knowledge on disaster and its management is poor. However, a positive attitude was observed and the level of disaster preparedness was low but high desire for disaster training and skills was found. Following this, it was recommended that nurses need training on disaster management and preparedness to promote knowledge and enable them actively and effectively participate in disaster management.Item Levels and Predictors of Assertiveness among Nursing Students in a North-central State in Nigeria: A Descriptive, Comparative Study(IAR CONSORTIUM, Kenya, 2022-03-20) Anyebe, E.E.; Aina, J.O.; Nwozichi, C.; Omoniyi, S.O.; Leslie, T.A.; Imam, A.A.; Sanni, A.O.; Abaribe, C.E.Assertiveness is a required behaviour in the preparation of professional nurses. In Nigeria, nurses‟ training takes place at both hospital-and university-based training institutions. Assertiveness and its predictors in the transition to professional nurses lacks sufficient empirical investigation in Nigeria. This study investigated the levels and predictors of assertiveness among nursing students in Nursing Training Institutions (NTIs) in Kwara State, Nigeria, with a view to comparing both the hospital-based and university-based nursing students. Adopting a quantitative, descriptive cross sectional and comparative design, data were collected from a random sample of 454 nursing students in the four NTIs in the State, using a self-administered, structured questionnaire consisting of ocio-demographic characteristics, Big-F Factor Personality Inventory and Formative Assertiveness Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted to analyse data using SPSS (Version 25). Spearman coefficient analysis fixed at the 0.05 level of significance, used to determine predictors of assertive behaviours. Results revealed predominantly the young, female, unmarried nursing students, and mainly from the Yoruba ethnic extraction, in their early training. Overall, 22.7% reported being non-assertive; 64.8% (n=294) had low assertiveness and 12.5% (57) high assertiveness. University-based students were more likely to be assertive than their hospital-based counterparts (24.9%), although this is not statistically significant (p-value = 0.367). Analysis of personality types indicated that Openness was the predominant personality (48.5%); the least being Extroversion (9.5%). As predictors, age, gender, level and place of training, marital as well as ethnic and religious affiliations were poor predictors of assertiveness; personality types were however very strong predictors of assertiveness (p-value = 0.00), with the neuroticism predicting low assertiveness while Extroversion and Agreeableness predicted high levels of assertiveness. The study concludes that personality types are perfect predictors of the levels of assertiveness among nursing students. Personality types should also be considered in selection of nurses for training, and where necessary, personality modification should also form part of the overall nursing training as early as possible.Item Pregnant Women’s Knowledge and Awareness of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV/AIDS and Voluntary Counselling and Confidential Testing (VCCT) Uptake in selected Health Centres in Zaria, Nigeria.(Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria, 2011-04) Anyebe, E.E.; Whiskey, H.O.; Ajayi, D.A.; Garba, S.N.; Ochigbo, C.E.; Lawal, H.The most common route of HIV transmission to children is the vertical transmission. However, many antenatal clinic clients are said to have inadequate knowledge of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and voluntary testing. The study was conducted in Sabon Gari, Zaria to determine the knowledge and awareness of pregnant women about the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV and voluntary counseling and confidential testing (VCCT). A convenience sample of 120 antenatal clients in three randomly selected health centres was used. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Findings showed a relatively lower level of knowledge (82.5%) of PMTCT of HIV /AIDS, a high awareness (93.5%) and uptake (58.3%) of VCCT among pregnant women. Those who did not do the test (41.7%) gave various reasons for their refusal, ranging from spouse disapproval to socio-cultural and psychological factors. Many of them however were aware of many advantages of VCCT and interventions for pregnant women who are found to be HIV positive. Antenatal talks and electronic mass media were their main sources of information. It is recommended that health programmes focus more on community clients and their spouses. Mass media workers should be appropriately equipped in the view of the roles they would have to play in health information dissemination.Item Push Factors and Attitudes to Substance Abuse among Students of a Government Senior Secondary School in Kano State.(College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2020) Murtala, H.H.; Haddad, M.M.; Yahaya, A.S.; Suberu, A.; Ashiru, M.; Anyebe, E.E.; Balarabe, F.Psychoactive substance use continues to be a major risk behavior among youths. It is on the increase and associated with physical and or mental health consequences. This study assessed the push factors towards psychoactive substances among students of Tarauni Government Senior Secondary School, Kano state. This cross sectional descriptive study employed the systematic sampling technique to select 247 participants from data was obtained, using a self-administered questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. The results revealed that, the main push factors for taking psychoactive substances are to feel relaxed or to sleep (68.1%, n=160), relieve stress (57.0%, n=134) and anxiety (54.0%, n=127), enhance alertness (48.5%, n=114), keep calm (52.0%, n=112), blend with peers (49.8%, n=117), gain more power (51.5%, n=121) and socialize (45.1%, n=106). It was therefore recommended that health education and sensitization programme on the effect of substance use for students and families via school curriculum, health and religious worship centers should be put in placeItem Self-Care Practices among Nurses in a General Hospital in North-Central Nigeria: A descriptive Exploratory Study(National Association of Nigeria Nurses and Midwives (NANNM): Nigerian Journal of Nursing, 2022) Anyebe, E.E.; Garba, S.N.; Olubiyi, S.K.; Jibril, U.N.; Aluko, J.O.; Awoniyi, D.O.Introduction: Self-care is a vital component of nursing practice and is essential for the well-being of human beings, especially among patients and nurses. However, nurses and nursing students tend to focus more on the care of their patients and often pay little or no attention to personal self-care. Aim/objectives: This study was therefore carried out to assess the self care practices among nurses in a General Hospital in North-central Nigeria. Materials and methods: A descriptive research study design was adopted and a self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect data from a convenient sample of 111 nurses. Data was analyzed descriptively and inferentially, using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: Study participants are predominantly young females of the Yoruba ethnic extraction. The study shows that a relatively good level of physical self-care practice mainly in areas of diet, (fruits, fluid intake), exercise and good sleep; however,workload always or often hinders how well nurses are able to take care of themselves in about half of the nurses. Mental and spiritual self-care practices are found to have predominance of social, religious and spiritual activities, with slightly over half (50.9%) of them resorting more to prayers and meditations as forms of self-care. Conclusion: The study shows a positive self care practices in areas of physical, mental, and spiritual care practices, with a rather a more neutral social self-care. The religious/spiritual predominance of self-care practices may reflect some societal realities of Nigeria as a once acclaimed “most religious countries on earth.” More in-depth studies are needed, with larger samples in various settings, to properly situate the levels and varieties of nurses’ self-care in Nigeria.Item The Current Status of Mental Health Services at the Primary Healthcare Level in Northern Nigeria. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. 40(5):1-9(Springer: Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 2019) Anyebe, E.E.; Olisah, V.O.; Garba, S.N.; Amedu, M.Mental health services at the primary healthcare level remain critical in most developing countries, especially in resource poor and crisis-stricken communities. This study explored the erstwhile mental health services, with particular reference to their availability, at the 47 primary healthcare centres in three selected states in northern Nigeria, with a view to drawing for action. Qualitative data were collected from a purposive sample of 13 participants through in-depth interviews. Additional data were also collected from observations during the visits (a checklist based on minimum standards for primary healthcare services) and clinic records at the centres. The data were analysed using content analysis and thematic clustering to indicate the status of the mental health services at the primary healthcare centres. Despite having the mental health units on the ser vice delivery charts of the primary healthcare centres studied, none was providing any formal mental health services. There were only few but uncoordinated services in some centres essentially provided by individual primary healthcare service providers and a non-governmental organization found in one of the 47 primary healthcare centres in one of the three states investigated. In conclusion, mental health services at all primary healthcare centres in all the Local Government Areas in all the states visited are at best scarce, poorly and haphazardly rendered in a few places or completely absent in most centres. There is an urgent need to stimulate the primary healthcare system and other levels of government and their partners, to initiate or activate policies in favour of community-based mental health services to make these important services available at the community (primary healthcare) level for the promotion of mental health and treatment of mental illnesses.Item The Quality of Nurses’ Relationships with Patients and Patients’ Significant Others in an Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria: A Qualitative Study(Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria: Achievers Journal of Scientific Research, 2024-03-25) Anyebe, E.E.; Jibril, U.N.; Ibraheem, M.A.; Adesina, K.A.; Adenigba, O.B.Nurses, patients, and patients‟ relatives engage in continuous interaction in the hospital setting. Such interaction is expected to be supportive, educative, and therapeutic. The extent to which the nurse communicates with patients and their relatives should lead to transaction, goal attainment, effective nursing care, and satisfaction. Anchored on Peplau’s Interpersonal theory, this study explored the views of nurses, patients, and patients' relatives on the level of nurse-patient and nurse-patient relatives‟ relationships, and the level of satisfaction with the nursing care and its associated factors at an Accident and Emergency (A&E) Unit of a Teaching Hospital in North-Central Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional survey design, an in-depth interview guide was used to collect data from 17 purposively selected participants (seven nurses of different ranks, five patients, and one relative of each of these patients). Interviews were audio recorded. Following transcription, data were analyzed thematically. Levels and satisfaction with the nurse-patient relationship were rated differently: below average by the nurses, but relatively more satisfactory by most patients. However, both nurses and patients‟ relatives described the nurse-patient relatives‟ relationship as dissatisfactory, with its potential and actual effects on patient care. Communication barriers, poor interpersonal skills, poor nursing staff: ratio shortage and the nature of the Emergency Room are factors affecting the interpersonal relationship of nurses with patients and their relatives. Improved communication, nurse-patient ratio, quality of care, interpersonal relationship skills training for nurses, and orientation of patients and relatives are recommended to enhance therapeutic relationships.