Browsing by Author "Ameen, O. M."
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Item Adsorbents from Jatropha curcas Shells Production, Utilisation Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies of their Adsorption: A Review(The Society for the Conservation of Phytofuels and Sciences, 2012-09-01) Okeola, F. O.; Odebunmi, E. O.; Adebayo, G.B.; Ameen, O. M.Jatrophas curcas is a multipurpose non-edible oil bearing and draught hardy perennial shrub. It is becoming popular for its eco-restoration of degraded land and production of biodiesel. Although much has been reported about the use of the oil, the cake and the glycerine from the seed of this plant, maximum benefit can still be obtained if the waste by-products are fully exploited. The seed cake is used as organic manure. The shells which constitute 39 % of the seed and fruit pericarp, has been reported being used as raw-materials for the production of biosorbent utilized for adsorption. Adsorption is widely used as an effective physical method of eliminating or lowering the concentration of wide range of dissolved pollutants (organic, inorganic) in an effluent. In the review Jatropha curcas shells have either been used directly in powder form as adsorbent or converted through carbonization and activation to activated carbon a typical adsorbent. Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies on these adsorbents, as well as their characterization were reported. Powdered jatrophas curcas seed coats have also been reported to be used as adsorbent to remove metal ions from waste water. Activated carbons prepared from the shells were also use to remove anions, heavy metals, organics and dyes from water by adsorption Thus Jatropha curcas shells adsorbents were found to serve as low cost, locally available, highly efficient and eco-friendly adsorbents.Item Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment(Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria., 2017-04-01) Okeola, F. O.; Odebunmi, E. O.; Ameen, O. M.; Amoloye, M. A.; Lawal, A. A.; Abdulmumeen, A. G.Abstract Batch adsorption experiment was carried out on freema (combination of Tartrazine and Sunset Yellow) an adsorbent prepared from moringa pod. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was determined. Effect of such factors as initial concentration of the adsorbate solution, contact time with the adsorbent, pH of the dye solution, and temperature of the dye solution on the adsorption capacity of the absorbent was determined. The result showed that the optimum adsorption was attained at pH of 3, adsorption equilibrium was attained within 60 min. The adsorption capacity increases with increase in initial concentration of the dye solution. The result of the kinetics study showed that the adsorption process was better described by the pseudo-second order rate equation. The adsorption process fitted well with both Freundlich (R2 = 0.983) and Langmuir (R2 = 0.933) models. Thermodynamic result showed ΔH and ΔS were all negative. Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) increases with increase in temperature of the dye solution.Item Characterization and Treatment of Spent Deposited Sludge of Transformer Oil (DSTO) by acid leaching and solvent extraction(Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Australia in collaboration with Taylor and Francis, United Kingdom, 2017-09-18) Baba, A, A.; Ayodele, J. S.; Ameen, O. M.; Jimoh, A.; Johnson, U.; Jimoh, B. A.; Lawal, A.The characterisation of spent transformer oil to determine its fitness for re-refining as well as the recovery of metals by hydrometallurgical treatment in chloride medium has been investigated. The leaching experiments on the spent material showed that its dissolution increases with leachant concentration performed at 75°C. Leaching studies showed that at optimal conditions, the dissolution reached 93% by 1.0 mol L−1 HCl solution within 120 min at 75°C. The solvent extraction of copper by bis(2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (CYANEX®272) in kerosene from a pregnant solution of aqueous spent deposited sludge of transformer oil containing 1243.4 mg L−1 Cu++, 389.2 mg L−1 Fe++/+++, 110.7 mg L−1 Ca++ and 235 mg L−1 Al+++ was studied. The results for the solvent extraction give an extraction efficiency of 91.77% total copper acquired via 0.2 mol L−1 CYANEX®272 in kerosene at 27±2°C within 25 min at pH 4.0. A 0.1 mol L−1 HCl solution was found to be sufficient for the stripping of about 94.77% copper from the loaded organic phase. The Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopic analysis of the loaded organic phase supports the stripping experiment as there was no Cu metal ion present in the separated organic phase.Item Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Essential Oils from Peels of Four Citrus Species(Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, 2021) Ameen, O. M.; Usman, L. A.; Bamikale, M. B.Essential oils were isolated from the dried peels of Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, Citrus auratifolia and Citrus reticulata using hydrodistillation method and were characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, while DPPH scavenging analysis was used to determine the antioxidant potentials of the oils. The hydrodistillation of the peels afforded oil in the yield of 0.61, 0.42, 0.72 and 0.52 (% w/w) for C. limon, C. auratifolia, C. sinensis and C. reticulate respectively. Analyses of the oils revealed the presence of monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and non-terpenes. A total of 19, 25, 16 and 21 compounds were identified in the peels essential oils C. limon, C. auratifolia, C. sinensis and C. reticulata respectively. D-limonene, with the percentage composition of 84.9%, 44.6%, 91.8% and 82.4% in C. limon, C. auratifolia, C. sinensis and C. reticulata respectively was the most predominant compound. All the citrus species peels essential oils showed antioxidant activity of scavenging DPPH with IC50 of 27.29, 28.67, 32.0 and 33.0 μg/ml for C. limon, C. auratifolia, C. sinensis and C. reticulata respectively. The oils were of d-limonene chemotype and can thus be candidates for antioxidant drugs.Item DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM BURNING TIME AND SILICA COMPOSITION OF RICE (Oryza sativa) HUSK ASH AND GUINEA-CORN (Sorghum bicolor) HUSK ASH FOR POZZOLANA PRODUCTION(Chemical Society of Nigeria, 2017-02-01) Jimoh, A. A.; Ameen, O. M.; Atolagbe, J. AThe quest for production of cheap construction cementing material from agricultural wastes, particularly the ones with high silica content, formed the basis of this study. The process of determining the silicious material and silica content was carried out on two agricultural waste husk types, the Rice (Oryza sativa)husk and Guinea corn(Sorghum bicolor) husk to produce rice husk ash (RHA) and guinea corn husk ash (GCHA) respectively. Both husks were burnt separately in a furnace at 650 oC to produce the ash. The ash physical, chemical and cementitious properties were investigated. The particle size range of the ash was between 0.063 and 0.25mm while the silica content were 70.6 % and 79.1 % for both the RHA and GCHA respectively, at burning time of 6 hours. Their respective ash cementing property was tested by mixing their ashes with varying proportion of lime and water to form paste. The hardened paste 28th day compressive strength was 3.0 N/mm2. In comparison with common mortar, the ashes can be applied for plastering activities and block beddings.Item International Journal of Chemical Sciences(Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2015-06-01) Ameen, O. M.; Olatunji, G. A.; Usman, L. A.; Adebayo, M. A.; Zubair, M. F.; Opabola, T. O.; Agboola, D. O.Dracaena manni Baker (Dracaenacea) is a plant used in trado – medicine for the treatment of various ailments, however literature is scarce about the efficacy of this medicinal plant. Thus the present study investigates this plant to corroborate the claims in trado – medicine and document our findings. The phytochemicals were extracted from the stem of Dracaena manni with ethyl acetate and then methanol. The screening of the extracts was carried out by brine shrimp lethality test (BST), antimicrobial and antifungal tests using microbes. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids and anthraquinones in the methanolic extract while the ethyl acetate extract contain steroids, anthraquinones and terpenoids. The antimicrobial and antifungal analyses indicate ethyl acetate extract sensitivity towards Escherichia coli and Candida albicans while methanolic extract was sensitive towards Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The extracts were not active against the brine shrimp larvae. This study indicates that D. mannii have potential antimicrobial and antifungal activity but there are slight differences in the activities of the extracts based on the solvents that was used for extraction. The results of our findings have indicated the biological activities of the plant extracts and their usability in the preparation of new drugs. However, further study is required to identify the active constituents responsible for these antibacterial and antifungal activities.Item INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOFUELS AND ALLIED SCIENCES(The Society for the Conservation of Phytofuels and Sciences, 2014-09-01) Nwosu, F. O.; Ameen, O. M.; Salami, A. A.; Adebayo, S. A.This study investigates the effect of transesterification process conditions like temperature, concentration, time, amount of catalysts on the yield of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil in order to establish optimum conditions for production of highest yield. The kinetics orders, rate of production of biodiesel from Jathropha oil as well as some thermodynamic parameters were investigated. From the results obtained, a mass of 0.60 g (1.2% w/v) KOH was found to be optimum amount of catalyst as it gave the best yield. Optimum reaction conditions for methanolysis of Jatropha oil was achieved at methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1, reaction temperature of 55°C, reaction time of 45 min, and stirring rate of 250 rpm. It was found that the kinetics data obtained for the transestrification process for production of biodiesel using Jatropha curcas oil fitted well into pseudo second order kinetics and its rate constant obtained is 0.0113 %/ ml min-1. The enthalpy change obtained for the process revealed that ΔH value of 6.53 KJmol-1K-1 supported endothermic reaction, and positive entropy change (ΔS) was estimated to be 0.614 JK-1 for 318 K and 0.248 JK-1 for 358 K leading to increase in the degree of disorderliness. Gibb’s Free energy change, ΔG was found to be spontaneous at 45 and 85oC while it became non-spontaneous at other temperatures. Thus, it could be concluded that the conversion of Jatropha oil to biodiesel holds a good promise in supplementary energy source for both industrial and domestic purposes.Item Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology(Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2013-06-01) Usman, L. A.; Muhammad, N. O.; Ameen, O. M.; Ismaeel, R. O.; Azeez, G. O.Leaf essential oil of Cochlospermum planchonii was obtained by hydrodistillation. GC and GC/MS analysis of the oil revealed that, the oil was rich in sesquiterpenes(51.7%). Nonterpenic and monoterpenic compounds constituted 35.5 and 11.9% of the oil. The principal constituents of the oil were; methylcyclopentane (26.3%), caryophyllene (11.4%), germacrene-D (8.8%), caryophyllene oxide (6.5%), copaene (5.6%), 2 – methylpentane (5.0%), δ-cadinene (4.9%), β-myrcene (4.3%) and α – cadinol (4.0%).In all, terpinic compounds that are biologically active against disease causing organisms constituted 63.6% of the oil. With the predominant of this class of metabolite, the oil could serve as therapeutic agents for pathogenic diseases.Item Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology(Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2014-10-01) Zubair, M. F.; Anibijuwon, I. I.; Ameen, O. M.; Abdulrahim, H. A.Physalis angulata is a specie of the Solanaceae family, in which edible fruit is used in several countries of tropical and subtropical regions of the world as medicinal and fruit-tree. In this study, the secondary metabolite screening of the crude extracts consisting of (ethanol, ethylacetate, chloroform and n-hexane) of the whole plant and antibacterial activity was investigated against some clinical isolates. The screening of the secondary metabolites revealed some active components such as alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, phenolics and flavonoids. The antimicrobial screening of the ethanolic extract of the plant at concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 125 mg/ml revealed various zones of inhibition from 8.2 to 17.2 mm for the different organisms. In conclusion, the extract of Physalis angulata exhibited antibacterial activity made possible by the presence of the secondary metabolite constituents and therefore could be used as antibiotic against the bacteria strains investigated in this study.Item The Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences(Faculty of Physical Sciences and Faculty of Life Sciences, Univ. of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2016-10-01) Okeola, F. O.; Amoloye, M. A.; Adebayo, G. B.; AbU, T. O.; Ameen, O. M.; Obiechina, B.Physicochemical analysis of crude oil and petroleum products were carried out on two different samples of crude oil and eight different samples of petroleum products. The parameters tested were specific gravity, API determination, aniline point, kinematic viscosity, water content, distillation profile, flashpoint, pour point and metal content determination. The tests were carried out using standard procedure of American society for testing and materials (ASTM). The result shows that the crude oils were different in terms of API gravity and specific gravity.API gravity of 36.2 and 31.5 respectively for crude oil C1 and C2 shows that they are not heavy crude oil. The low water content and low viscosity of the crude oils lower the risk of pipe and container corrosion and flow difficult. API gravity of gasoline and kerosene was more than 30, while that of engine oil and diesel oil was more than 30.For petroleum products, the result of density, specific gravity, viscosity and kinematic viscosity shows the value of those parameters increase from light fraction to heavy fraction. The pour point and flash point recorded for light fractions was lowered than that of heavy fractions, for both samples of gasoline P1 and P2, flash point is 49.3 oF and 51.1oF while pour point is -3 oC and -5 oC respectively, for Diesel oil D1 and D2 flash point is 244.2 and 240.2 oF and pour point is +3.2 and +3.0 oC respectively. The distillation profile result of both samples of gasoline, showed the temperatures to be in normal range. The level of heavy metal analysed were generally low but metal such as iron, copper, zinc were in abundance in the samples of the crude oil and petroleum products. The results are discussed in terms of importance and implication.Item PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTI-OXIDANT AND ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF FRACTIONATED ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Moringa Oleifera LEAVE(Chemical Society of Nigeria, 2021) Ameen, O. M.; Akinolu, A. A.; Garuba, T.; Ebito, G. E.; Arowolo, B. Z.; Oyebanji, E. O.Moringa oleifera leave has been reputed for the treatment of different ailments, this work thus aims at isolating the active principle(s) that are responsible for these activities. M. oleifera leave was extracted with distilled ethanol, concentrated to afford the crude extract (210.2 g). The crude extract was partitioned using n – hexane (NH), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA) and methanol (MeOH) in an increasing order of polarity to afford 12 fractions. The fractions were subjected to biological testing and MOF8 and MOF11 were selected for further purification based on their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The two fractions (MOF8 and MOF11) were purified on a silica gel open column, using NH, DCM, EA and MeOH in an increasing order of polarity to afford ten and eight fractions respectively. Further biological test on these fractions indicates superior activities of MOF118 which was further purified as described earlier to afford four fractions. Further biological testing on these fractions indicates that and MOF118.3 and MO118.4 are more active in the antioxidant and antimicrobial analysis. Phytochemical screening of MOF11 and MOF11 indicates the presence of flavonoids, saponin, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides and steroids.