Browsing by Author "Ameen, Mubarak"
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Item Antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic test and phytochemical screening of the extracts of the stem of Fadogia agrestis(Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 2011-05-30) Ameen, Mubarak; Olatunji, G. A.; Atata, R. F.; Usman, L. A.The use of medicinal plants with therapeutic properties represents a secular tradition in different cultures, mainly in underdeveloped countries. Fadogia agrestis is commonly used in the management of erectile dysfunction. In this study, the cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality test (BST) and antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria strains of the chloroform. ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of Fadogia agresti-I' stem are presented. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening of all the extract revealed the presence of reducing sugar. carbohydrates and alkaloids. In addition, the chloroform extract showed presence of saponins and flavanoids. In ethyl acetate extract: terpenoids was found, while methanolic extracts contain saponins, steroids, terpenoids and llavanoids. Tannins, anthraquinone and glycosides were not detected in the three extracts. The extracts exhibited low toxicity against the brine shrimp Artemia salina but demonstrated antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria. with chloroform extract showing high activity against S. aureus. S. spp, B. subti/is and E. coli (MIC 6.75 mg/ml). These results should prompt new researches in order to isolate the constituents responsible for the activity.Item Comparative Proximate Analysis of Rice Husk Oil and Commercially Available Vegetable Oil(Faculty of Physical Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 2016-09-30) Okoro, H. K.; Ameen, Mubarak; Ogunleke, O. S.; Umeobi, C.Rice husk is a by-product of rice milling and it is used as a valued raw material for different purposes. Rice husk oil was extracted and analysed for minerals such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, potassium and sodium using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Commercialized vegetable oil sourced from the market was also analysed for the same set of minerals and the results were compared. The comparison showed that rice husk oil is better for consumption than vegetable oil because of its high concentration of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. Proximate analysis of the rice husk was also determined and the result showed that rice husk has 19.000% Ash, 14.300% Carbohydrate, 45.500% Crude fibre, 4.800% Fat, 8.600% Moisture and 7.800% Protein. The result of silica content determination also shows that rice husk ash contains 92.000% silica.Item COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THE AMINO ACID PROFILE OF BIOLOGICALLY TREATED AND UNTREATED CASTOR (Ricinus communis) SEED CAKE(Chemical Society of Nigeria, 2019-01-07) Ameen, Mubarak; Belewu, M. A.; Ayeni, J. O.; Akinnagbe, T. O.Ricinus communis (Castor) seed was defatted with n-hexane and divided into two. A part was inoculated with Penicillum expansium for six weeks, while the other part was used as control. Both the biologically detoxified castor seed cake (BDCSC) and the undetoxified castor seed cake (UCSC) were analysed for nutritional value by carrying out proximate analyses, investigating the mineral contents and the amino acid profiles. The results revealed a reduction in the crude protein and crude fiber contents in the BDCSC, while there was increment in the moisture and ash contents after the treatment, but the fat contents was not affected. Though, there was a decrease in the crude protein contents, the amino acid profile of the BDCSC is however comparable with those of soybean as well as FAO/WHO recommended minimum daily limits. This research has revealed that treating castor seed cake biologically may improve the availability of the cake for animal feeds. Nonetheless, the detoxified seed cake needs to be analysed further in order to determine the level of its anti-nutrient contents.Item COMPARISON OF SORPTION CAPACITY AND SURFACE AREA OF ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARED FROM JATROPHA CURCAS FRUIT PERICARP AND SEED COAT(Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 2012-04-25) Okeola, F. O.; Odebunmi, E. O.; Ameen, MubarakActivated carbons were prepared from fruit pericarp and seed coat of Jatropha curcas using KOH and NaCl as activating agents leading to the production of four samples of activated carbons JPS, JPP, JCS and JCP. The adsorption capacity based on adsorption of methylene blue was determined for each sample. A further study of adsorptive properties of the most efficient activated carbon (JPS) was made by contacting it with standard solutions of methylene blue, acetic acid and potassium permanganate. The effects of mass of active carbon used, initial concentration of the solute and the pH of the solution on adsorption performance were investigated. Ash content and percentage fixed carbon were determined for two of the activated carbons (JPS and JCS) with the highest adsorptive capacity. Equilibrium study on adsorption was carried out and the adsorption data were analyzed using the Langmuir isotherm. The results obtained indicate that activated carbons from the fruit pericarp and the seed coat of J. curcas can be used as high performance adsorbents with the fruit pericarp activated carbon showing the higher adsorption capacity. The adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir model and adsorptive area of 824–910 m2/g was obtained for the activated carbon.Item Conversion of Jatropha curcas oil to biodiesel using potash from cocoa pod husk (CPH) and palm kernel frond (PKF) as catalyst(Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 2014-09-01) Ameen, Mubarak; Adekola, F. A.; Adebayo, G. B.; Adekola, O. F.; Belewu, M. A.; Rahman, S. G.Caustic potash extracted from the ashed samples of cocoa pod (Theobroma cacao) and palm kernel fronds (Elaeis guineensis) was used to catalyse the conversion of Jatropha curcas oil to biodiesel. The physicochemical parameters and fatty acid components of the prepared biodiesel were comparable to those of the biodiesel prepared with commercial KOH. This work, thus established the fact that it is possible to use erstwhile wasteful plant products for useful purposesItem Effect of acid and alkaline hydrolysis on the concentrations of albumin and globulin in Thevetia peruviana seed cake protein extract(Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 2003-06-20) Usman, L. A.; Ibiyemi, S. A.; Oluwaniyi, O. O.; Ameen, MubarakThevetia peruviana seeds cake were defatted and then treated with varying concentrations each of hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide solutions. Each product of hydrolysis was extracted with chloroform to isolate aglycones, the toxins of the seed. Various concentrations of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution effected complete detoxification. Only 0.4M and 0.5M of calcium hydroxide solution detoxified the seeds completely. Albumin and globulin determination by biuret method confirmed that various concentrations of the hydrolyzing agents increased the quantity of extractable albumin and globulin in the cake. Each solution used for the detoxification had closely related trend on the total albumin and globulin value of the treated cake. Higher quantities of albumin and globulin were recorded in the samples treated with various concentrations of calcium hydroxide solutions. The study suggests that calcium hydroxide at high concentrations appear to be the best detoxicant.Item EFFECT OF HEAT AND ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS ON THE AMINO ACID PROFILE OF JATROPHA CURCAS SEED CAKE(African Scholarly Science Communication Trust, 2014-05-05) Ameen, Mubarak; Usman, L. A.; Muhammed, N. O.; Okeola, F. O.; Boluwarin, E. O.; Fadeyi, O. O.In recent times, Jatropha curcas has attracted attention of various research organizations, governments, public and international developmental agencies and industries in the tropics and subtropics due to its adaptability to semi-arid marginal sites, the possibility of using its oil as a diesel fuel substitute and its role in erosion control. In tropical countries it is well known for its medicinal properties and as an oil seed. The seeds of J. curcas are a good source of oil, yielding between 40 – 80 % oil. Although the seed cake meal is rich in protein, it is toxic to rats, mice, ruminants and humans due to the presence of antinutritional factors; thus, its use as food or feed source has not been encouraging. However, recent findings indicate that after a proper detoxification process the seed meal can serve as a protein substitute in feed meals of animal feeds. The seeds of J. curcas were collected, dehulled, grounded and defatted to obtain the seed cake. The seed cake was divided into five portions, 60 g of each of the cake portion was separately moistened with 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, 4 M and 5 M NaOH solutions, respectively and autoclaved. Each of the autoclaved samples was washed with water and later with ethanol. A 60 g of the seed cake which was not treated with NaOH, water and ethanol was labeled untreated. The treated and untreated seed cakes were thus analyzed for their crude protein contents as well as amino acid profile. The untreated seed cake afforded 63.02 % yield of crude protein, while the crude protein content of the treated seed cake was 70.53, 71.46, 67.76, 60.82 and 56.19 % for the 1 – 5 M NaOH treated seed cake, respectively with the 2 M NaOH treated seed cake having the highest yield. The amino acid profile of the treated seed cake was similar and comparable to the values of WHO/FAO standard and those of soybeans. The seed can thus be used as an alternative protein source in animal feed formulation after it has been properly detoxified. If well processed, it would reduce competition between man and livestock for the conventional sources of proteins.Item Effects of MOF6 Fraction from Ethanolic Extract of the Leaves of Moringa oleifera against Sodium Arsenite-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats(Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Association, 2020) Ameen, Mubarak; Adelaja, Akinlolu; Mukadam, Abdulhamid; Muheen, Biliaminu; Ajiboye, Olaolu; Yahya, Rahmat; Abdulrahman, Bashir; Oyetunji, Oyepeju; Rotimi, Mojishola; Nejo, Victoria; Omotoso, GabrielMoringa oleifera (MO) is a plant of significant medicinal importance. The dried leaves of MO were pulverized, extracted with ethanol and fractionated using column chromatography to provide seven fractions (MOF1-7) with MOF6 having the best preliminary antioxidant potential. Therefore, this study evaluated the hepatoprotective potentials of MOF6 in sodium arsenite (SA)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups of five rats each. Control Group I received normal saline. Groups II and III received 20 mg/kg body weight (bw) of SA for 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. Groups IV and V received 20 mg/kg bw of SA for 3 weeks followed by treatment with 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg bw of fraction MOF6, respectively, for 6 weeks. Groups VI and VII received only 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg bw of fraction MOF6, respectively, for 6 weeks. Antioxidant (lipid peroxidation) and biochemical analyses of liver enzymes of all rats were carried out after the completion of experimental procedures. Results showed statistically significant lower mean values (p ≤ 0.05) of malondialdehyde (MDA), acid phosphatase (ACP) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in rats of Groups IV and V compared with Group III. However, there were statistically significant higher mean values (p ≤ 0.05) of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in Groups IV and V compared with Groups I and III. In conclusion, these results implied that fraction MOF6 has antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials. However, results of ALP analyses implied that MOF6 possibly augmented SA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Item EFFECTS OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BULBOSTYLIS COLEOTRICHA (HOCHST.EXA. RICH.) ON INFLAMMATION IN ADULT WISTAR RATS(Nigerian Society of Pharmacognosy, 2015-06-20) Owoyele, B. V.; Abioye, A. I. R.; Oyewole, A. L.; Ameen, Mubarak; Owemidu, I. O.; Adewusi, M. O.Bulbostylis coleotricha (family Cyperaceae) is a stem-tufted plant found in tropical region of Africa. It is locally used in treating various ailments among the African folks. Despite the high esteem this plant is held in Africa, there is dearth of scientific studies on B. coleotricha. This, in addition to the alarming increase in inflammatory diseases around the world, makes the present study to focus on the effect of the B. coleotricha extract on laboratory induced inflammation. Twenty-five adult Wistar rats, weighing between 225-287g were used for this experiment, and were randomly divided into five groups of five rats per group. The groups were labelled and treated as follow: Group 1, the negative control group, was treated with 10 ml/kg body weight (b. w.) of distilled water.Groups 2, 3 and 4, the treated groups, were treated with 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg/kg b. w. of ethanolic extract of B. coleotricha respectively. Doses were based on the local information on B. coleotricha usages. Group 5, the positive control group, was treated with 5mg/kg b. w. of indomethacin. In all the groups, the effects of all treatments were checked on induced inflammation using cotton pellet granuloma and carrageenan induced paw oedema model.The results in the two models used showed that ethanolic extract of B. coleotricha significantly inhibited inflammation in the treated groups. In the cotton pellet granuloma test the extract at the dose of 100 mg reduced granuloma formation from 30.2 ± 2.4 mg to 11.2 ± 2.6 mg reduced paw oedema from 7.0 ± 1.7 mm to 2.4 ± 0.8 mm (control is 100 mg/kg). In conclusion, this study established that Bulbostylis coleotricha plant is effective in the treatment of inflammation and can be explored in the treatment of various diseases with underlying inflammation.Item Extraction, isolation and evaluation of anti-toxic principles from Moringa oleifera (MOF6) and Myristica fragrans (Trimyristin) upregulated Acetylcholinesterase concentrations in Sodium arsenite-induced neurotoxicity in rats.(National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 2020-12) Akinlolu, Adelaja; Ameen, Mubarak; Quadri, Tobilola; Odubela, Kayode; Omotoso, Gabriel; Yahya, Rahmat; Biliaminu, Sikiru; Adeyanju, Muinat; Ebito, Gabriel; Otulana, JubrilThis study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of MOF6 (isolated from Moringa oleifera leaves) and Trimyristin (isolated from Myristica fragrans seeds) on Acetylcholinesterase concentrations in cerebral cortices of rats with Sodium arsenite-induced neurotoxicity. Sixty-five adult male rats (150 g-250 g) were randomly divided into thirteen groups comprising of five rats per group. Groups 1 and 3 received physiological saline and 1 ml/200 g bodyweight of Olive oil respectively for 9 weeks. Group 2 received 20 mg/kg bodyweight of Sodium arsenite (SA) for 6 weeks and left untreated for another 3 weeks. Groups 4-5 received 20 mg/kg bodyweight of SA for 3 weeks followed by treatments with 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg bodyweight of MOF6 respectively for 6 weeks. Groups 6-7 received 20 mg/kg bodyweight of SA for 3 weeks followed by treatments with 15 and 30 mg/kg bodyweight of Trimyristin respectively for 6 weeks. Groups 8-11 received 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg bodyweight of MOF6; 15 and 30 mg/kg bodyweight of Trimyristin respectively for 9 weeks. Groups 12-13 received 7.5 mg/kg bodyweight of MOF6 and 30 mg/kg bodyweight of Trimyristin respectively for 6 weeks followed by co-administration of each extract dose with 20 mg/kg bodyweight of SA for another 3 weeks. Histological examination of cerebral cortices and biochemical analyses of Acetylcholinesterase concentrations were carried out in all rats. Computed data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016 with statistical significance at p≤0.05. Histopathological evaluations revealed normal histo-architecture of cerebral cortices of all rats. Results showed statistically significant (p≤0.05) increases in Acetylcholinesterase concentrations in rats of Groups 1-10 and 12 compared with Group 2 (2.78±1.76 𝜇mole/min/g). 7.5 mg/kg bodyweight of MOF6 showed the best therapeutic and neuro-regenerative potential against SA-induced neurotoxicity. Conclusions: Our findings implied that MOF6 and Trimyristin reversed downregulation of Acetylcholinesterase concentrations in SA-induced neurotoxicity in rats; and possess neuro-protective and neuro-regenerative potentials.Item Hepatoprotective and Anticancer Potentials of Moringa oleifera and Musa sapientum Extracts against Cadmium Chloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats(The School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, 2022-09-01) Akinlolu, Adelaja; Ameen, Mubarak; Ebito, Gabriel; Asogwa, Nnaemeka; Akindele, Raheem; Fagbohunka, Bamidele; Arowolo, Zainab; Garuba, TaofeeqAnticancer potential of MO11 (fractionated from Moringa oleifera leaves) and MS06 (fractionated from Musa sapientum suckers) against cadmium chloride induced hepatotoxicity, demyelination, carcinogenesis, and metastasis is reported. The activity was evaluated for 17 days in 24 adult male Wistar rats randomly divided into six groups (n=4). The baseline control Group 1 received normal saline only for the entire study period. Groups 2, 3, 4 and 6 received single CdCl-dose on Day 1. Group 2 (negative control) received no further treatment, while Groups 3, 4 and 6 were treated with plant extracts MO11, MO11+MS06, and doxorubicin (positive control), respectively, on Days 1-17. Group 5 received olive oil vehicle only for the 17 days. Levels of neurotransmitters (dopamine and glutamate), and biomarkers of myelination (myelin basic protein, MBP), drug metabolism and carcinogenesis (cytochrome p450), apoptosis (caspase-3 and p53), and angiogenesis (soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, sVEGFR) in liver homogenates were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were statistically analysed using Mann-Whitney U test with p ≤ 0.05. The MO11, MO11+MS06, and doxorubicin upregulated dopamine, glutamate, and cytochrome p450, but downregulated MBP, caspase-3, p53 and sVEGFR in Groups 3, 4 and 6, compared with Group 2, implying the hepatoprotective, re-myelination, and anticancer potential of the studied plant fractions.Item Hepatoprotective and Anticancer Potentials of Moringa oleifera and Musa sapientum Extracts against Cadmium Chloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats(Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya., 2021) Akinolu, Adelaja; Ameen, Mubarak; Ebito, Gabriel; Asogwa, Nnaemeka; Akindele, Raheem; Fagbohunka, Bamidele; Arowolo, Zainab; Garuba, TaofeeqAnticancer potential of MO11 (fractionated from Moringa oleifera leaves) and MS06 (fractionated from Musa sapientum suckers) against cadmium chloride induced hepatotoxicity, demyelination, carcinogenesis, and metastasis is reported. The activity was evaluated for 17 days in 24 adult male Wistar rats randomly divided into six groups (n=4). The baseline control Group 1 received normal saline only for the entire study period. Groups 2, 3, 4 and 6 received single CdCl-dose on Day 1. Group 2 (negative control) received no further treatment, while Groups 3, 4 and 6 were treated with plant extracts MO11, MO11+MS06, and doxorubicin (positive control), respectively, on Days 1-17. Group 5 received olive oil vehicle only for the 17 days. Levels of neurotransmitters (dopamine and glutamate), and biomarkers of myelination (myelin basic protein, MBP), drug metabolism and carcinogenesis (cytochrome p450), apoptosis (caspase-3 and p53), and angiogenesis (soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, sVEGFR) in liver homogenates were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were statistically analysed using Mann-Whitney U test with p ≤ 0.05. The MO11, MO11+MS06, and doxorubicin upregulated dopamine, glutamate, and cytochrome p450, but downregulated MBP, caspase-3, p53 and sVEGFR in Groups 3, 4 and 6, compared with Group 2, implying the hepatoprotective, re-myelination, and anticancer potential of the studied plant fractions.Item Immunochemical Evaluation of Biomarkers of Carcinogenesis, Angiogenesis, Neuro-Cancer Interactions and Demyelination in Cadmium Chloride-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats.(Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2023) Akinlolu, Adelaja; Ameen, Mubarak; Ebito, Gabriel; Asogwa, Nnaemeka; Akindele, Raheem; Fagbohunka, BamideleCadmium is a carcinogen. Neurotransmitter-cancer interaction and tissue-innervation impact cancer survival. This study examined repro-protective and neuro-protective potentials of MO11 (isolated from Moringa oleifera leaves) and MS06 (isolated from Musa sapientum suckers) in cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced testicular toxicity. Twenty-four adult male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Group 1 was control. Groups 2-4 and 6 received intraperitoneal single-dose of CdCl2 (Day 1). Groups 3, 4 and 6 were post-treated with MO11-dose, MO11+MS06-doses and Doxorubicin-dose respectively, while Group 5 received Olive Oil-dose (vehicle) from Days 1-17. Quantitative tissue enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assays of biomarkers of carcinogenesis and neuro-cancer interaction in testicular homogenates were evaluated. Data were analysed using Mann-Whitney-U test (p≤0.05). Results showed downregulations of MBP, Caspase-3 and sVEGFR, but upregulations of Dopamine, Glutamate and Cytochrome-p450 in Groups 3, 4 and 6, compared with Group 2. Overall, CdCl2-induced testicular toxicity, angiogenesis and neurocancer interaction were ameliorated by post-treatments with MO11 and MS06.Item MO11 and MS06 ameliorated cadmium chloride-induced neuro-inflammation, hyperplasia and apoptosis via NF-kB/ Caspase-3/p53 pathway and down-regulated sVEGFR in rats(The Spanish Association of Anatomy (SAE) and Mexican Society of Anatomy, 2022-05-05) Akinlolu, Adelaja; Ameen, Mubarak; Ebito, Gabriel; Asogwa, Nnaemeka; Akindele, Raheem; Fagbounka, Bamidele; Akintunde, Temitope; Odunola, Fatimah; Osibowale, Simisola; Adepeju, MuhideenCadmium is a neurotoxin, carcinogen and a suspected agent in aetiology of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Furthermore, upregulations of Caspase-3 and p53 were reported in brains of AD patients. This study evaluated the neuroprotective potentials of MO11 (isolated from Moringa oleifera leaves) and MS06 (isolated from Musa sapientum suckers) in Cadmium Chloride (CdCl)-induced neurotoxicity in the cerebrum of rats. Twenty-eight adult male wistar rats (average weight of 155 g) were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 4). Group 1 received physiological saline. Groups 2-4 and 7 received single 1.5 mg/Kg bodyweight of CdCl (i.p.) (Day 1). Groups 3-4 and 7 were post-treated with 15 mg/Kg bodyweight of MO11, 15 mg/Kg bodyweight of MO11 + 7 mg/Kg bodyweight of MSF1 and 3.35 mg/Kg bodyweight of Doxorubicin respectively (Days 1-17). Groups 5-6 received only MO11 and Vegetable Oil (vehicle) respectively (Days 1-17). Cerebral histopathology (Cresyl Fast Violet method) was evaluated in rats. ELISA evaluations of biomarkers of pro-inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and NF-kB), anti-inflammation (IL-4 and IL10), apoptosis (Caspase-3 and p53), proliferation (Ki67) and angiogenesis (sVEGFR) in cerebral homogenates of rats were also conducted. Histopathological evaluations showed a high number of chromatolytic cells in Group 2, compared with Groups 1 and 3-7. Post treatments of CdCl-induced neurotoxicity with MO11 and MS06 resulted in decreased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, NF-kB, Caspase-3, Ki67, p53 and sVEGFR, but increased levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in Groups 3-4, compared with Group 2. Therefore, MO11 and MS06 possess neuroprotective, neuroregenerative, anti-AD, anti-inflammatory and anticancer potentials.Item Morinda lucida and Annona muricata reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation and promoted melatonin/TNFα/p53-mediated apoptosis in sodium arsenite-induced toxicity in rats(The Spanish Association of Anatomy (SAE) and Mexican Society of Anatomy, 2022-07-28) Akinlolu, Adelaja; Oyewopo, Adeoye; Kadir, Risikat; Ameen, Mubarak; Owoniyi, Victor; Adam, Fauzeeyah; Okeleye, ShukratArsenic-induced carcinogenesis can result in cancers of the liver in exposed organisms. This study evaluated anticancer potentials of MLF1 and AMF1 extracted from Morinda lucida and Annona muicata leaves respectively in Sodium arsenite (SA)-induced toxicity in rats. Sixty adult female rats were randomly divided into 12 groups (n = 5). Group 1 was control. Group 2 received 5-weeks administrations of 10 mg/kg bodyweight of SA. Groups 3-6 received SA-dose for 2 weeks followed by 3-weeks posttreatments with MLF1-doses and AMF1-doses respectively. Groups 7-10 received only 5-weeks administrations of MLF1-doses and AMF1- doses respectively. Groups 11 and 12 received 5-weeks co-administrations of SA-dose with highdoses of MLF1 and AMF1 respectively. Drugs/extracts were administered orally. Liver histopathology (Heamatoxylin and Eosin) and ELISA concentrations of sera Melatonin and TNF-alpha were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (thiobarbituricacid assay) and p53 (ELISA) levels were evaluated in liver homogenates. Data were statistically analysed. Results showed normal liver histology in Groups 1-12. Post-treatments of SA-induced toxicity with MLF1 and AMF1 resulted in significant (P≤0.05) and non-significant decreased levels (P≥0.05) of Malondialdehyde, TNF-alpha and p53, but significant (P≤0.05) and non-significant increased Melatonin levels (P≥0.05) in Groups 3-12 compared with Group 2. MLF1 and AMF1 possess anticancer, antioxidant, pro-Melatonin, anti-inflammatory and hepato-protective potentials.Item Moringa oleifera Impairs the Morphology and Functions of the Kidney in Adult Wistar Rats(Anatomical Society of Chile, 2014-09-10) Akinlolu, A. A.; Ghazali, O. K.; Ameen, Mubarak; Oyebanji, S. C.; Omotoso, G. O.; Enaibe, B. U.We tested the hypothesis that Moringa oleifera impairs the morphology and functions of the kidney in rats. Twenty four adult male Wistar rats were employed in the study. Rats of Control Group I received physiological saline while rats of Groups II – IV received 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera respectively for twenty one days. No behavioral anomalies were observed in rats of Groups I – IV. Rats of Control Group I gained statistically significant increased body weight while rats of Groups II – IV experienced non-significant decreased body weight during experimental procedure. (P£0.05). No statistical significant differences (P£0.05) were observed in the analyses of the relative weights of kidneys of rats of Groups I – IV. Histological examinations showed normal cyto-architecture of the kidneys of rats of Group I while the Capsular spaces of the kidneys of rats of Groups II – IV appeared wider than those of Group I. Statistical analyses showed significant higher levels (P£0.05) of Alanine and Aspartate Transaminases, and serum urea in rats of Groups II – IV in a non- dose-dependent manner when compared to rats of Group I. Our findings are consistent with the stated hypothesis.Item Moringa oleifera IS PROTECTIVE AGAINST MICROARCHITECTURAL AND NEUROCHEMICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH CUPRIZONEINDUCED PREFRONTAL CORTEX NEUROTOXICITY IN FEMALE WISTAR RATS(Neuroscience Society of Nigeria (NSN), 2018-05-20) Omotoso, G. O.; Gbadamosi, I. T.; Akinlolu, A, A.; Ameen, Mubarak; Kadir, R. E.; Jaji-Sulaimon, R.; Abdulwahab, A. B.; Kolo, R. M.Cuprizone administration causes selective damage to axonal myelin sheath and has been used to model demyelinating diseases in neuroscience research. This study aimed at determining the protective effects of Moringa oleifera on cuprizone-induced neurotoxicity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Sixteen adult female Wistar rats were procured and grouped into 4: Group A was given normal saline, Group B received 0.4% cuprizone diet, Group C was administered with 1.875 mg/ml of Moringa oleifera and Group D received a combination of 0.4% cuprizone diet and 1.875 mg/ml of Moringa oleifera. All the groups were treated orally for 35 consecutive days after which they were sacrificed. Thereafter the PFC was processed for histological demonstration, while tissue homogenate was used to assay the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Cuprizone administration caused significant reduction in body weight and SOD activities. It also caused an alteration in the microarchitecture and Nissl profile of the PFC. Moringa oleifera intervention led to restoration of body weight, SOD levels, Nissl profile and the histology of the PFC. The use of preparations of Moringa oleifera, especially the leaf-component, could offer some protective measures to individuals suffering from demyelinating conditions, especially in addressing the associated weight changes and frontocortical dysfunction.Item Physicochemical Properties of Starch obtained from Tubers of Anchomanes difformis and Tacca involucrata(University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 2018-12-01) Ameen, Mubarak; Olatunji, G. A.; Abdulrahman, A. A.; Adenusi, B. F.; Folorunsho, O. F.; Okeola, O. F.; Samoh, F. T.Anchomanes difformis and Tacca involucrata are wild tuberous plants rich in starch. Starch granules were isolated from the tubers of these plants using wet milling method of extraction and further subjected to physicochemical characterization by different experimental procedures. A. difformis afforded starch with a percentage yield of 28.15 % while T. involucrata yielded 12.25 % starch. The physicochemical analysis of isolated starch compounds revealed a swelling power of 8.5 and 12.0, gelatinization temperature of 73 and 75 ˚C , pasting temperature of 79.96 and 77.89 ˚C, with a pH of 5.8 and 6.5 and bulk density 0.77 and 0.76 g/cm3 for A. difformis and T. involucrata respectively. The microscopic and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the starch granules are generally small in size, with clustered arrangement. This study has revealed that both A. difformis and T. involucrata are not only rich in starch but that the investigated starch compounds have high potential for industrial applications and could serve as alternative sources to avoid competition with the staple crop, cassava.Item Plasmodium Active Compounds from Endophytic Fungi(Faculty of Physical Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 2016-01-30) Ameen, Mubarak; Calcul, L.; Mutka, T.; Kyle, D. E.; Pearce, C.; Olatunji, G. A.; Baker, B. J.Malaria is a parasitic disease that involves high fevers, shaking chills, flu-like symptoms, and anemia. It is caused by a parasite Plasmodium falciparum that is passed from one human to another by the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. Pregnant women, patients with HIV/AIDS, non-immune travelers, and in high transmission areas children under five years of age are in high risk of contracting malaria. One of the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is eradicating malaria in Africa. Thus, a well-researched and documented work that may give rise to a new lead compound that can combat malaria effectively and at affordable rate is urgently desirable. Methanolic extract of the freeze-dried endophytic fungi coded MSX – 285138 from mangrove, subjected to a bioassay-guided fractionation yielded fractions that significantly inhibited the replication of malaria parasite. Some of these fractions demonstrated low cytotoxicity. The active fractions were purified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and were further examined and characterized by spectrometric techniques. Two cytochalasin derivatives, cytochalasin D and epoxycytochalasin D were identified from the active isolates which were found to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum (3d7) with IC50 of 10.58 and 2 9.77 nM respectively. However these compounds cannot yet be developed as antimalarial drug because they are also found to be cytostatic. They could also be useful in the management of cancer related ailments.Item Solvent-free synthesis, x-ray studies and in vitro inhibitory activities of copper(II) complexes of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(Springer, 2014-04-10) Tella, A. C.; Obaleye, J. A.; Eke, U. B.; Isaac, A. Y.; Ameen, MubarakSolid-state mechanochemical synthesis of [Cu(CAF)2(H2O)(OAc)]OAc co mplex 1a and [Cu(COD)2(H2O)(OAc)]OAc complex 2a were obtained by grinding stoichioetric amounts of Cu(CH3COO)2 H2O and corresponding non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs[(caffeine (CAF) and codeine(COD)], respectively, in a mortar with pestle. Solvent-based synthesis of 1b and 2b was also carried out by reaction of metal acetate salt and each drug by refluxing at 70 C in CH3OH for 1 h for comparison purposes. The complexes 1a and 2a were characterized by comparison of elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV–Vis and 1H NMR spectra with those of the free ligand and solvent-based products (1b and 2b). The analytical and spectroscopic data of the complexes prepared via the two different methods are almost identical. X-ray diffraction patterns of the complexes prepared by mechanochemical method were different from that of the starting material suggesting formation of new metal complexes. In vitro inhibitory activities of both mechanochemical and solvent-based complexes were found to be higher than parent ligands, indicating that the antimicrobial effect of these drugs could be enhanced when they are chelated to the metal. The mechanochemical synthesis was carried out without the use of solvent or external heating. The method is faster and gives a higher yield than corresponding solvent-based reactions. The solid state reaction presented higher efficiency in terms of materials, energy and time compared to solvent-based synthesis.