Browsing by Author "Akinola, OB"
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Item Beneficial effects of low dose Musa paradisiaca on the semen quality of male Wistar rats.(Nigerian Medical Journal, 2013) Alabi, AS; Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Enaibe, BU; Akinola, OB; Tagoe, CNBBackground: This study aimed at determining the effects of administration of mature green fruits of Musa paradisiaca on the semen quality of adult male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The animals used for the study were grouped into three: the control group, given 2 ml of double distilled water, a low dose group given 500 mg/kg/day and a high dose group given 1000 mg/kg/day of the plantain fruits, which was made into flour, and dissolved in 2 ml of double distilled water for easy oral administration. Results: Significant increment in the semen parameters was noticed in animals that received a lower dose of the plantain flour, but those animals who received the high dose had marked and very significant reduction in sperm cell concentration and percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa. Conclusion: Musa paradisiaca should be consumed in moderate quantities in order to derive its beneficial effects of enhancing male reproductive functions.Item Developmental changes in frontocortical morphology and neurochemistry of neonatal rats following gestational nicotine exposure.(Anatomy Journal of Africa,, 2017) Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Alabi, AS; Akinola, OB; Enaibe, BUExposure of the embryo or foetus to nicotine during development results in some forms of neurological deficits later in life. The current study aimed at determining the effects of prenatal nicotine administration during the 1st and 2nd gestational weeks on the frontal cortex of neonatal Wistar rats. For each week of gestation, pregnant Wistar rats were assigned to 3 groups: a control group (1), and two treated groups (2 and 3), and were given intra-peritoneal nicotine at 6.88 mg/ kg and 13.76 mg/kg doses respectively. The weights of the litters were taken at birth and at postnatal day 4; the whole brain and frontal cortical weights were also assessed. Tissues for histological demonstration were fixed in freshly prepared formol calcium, while specimen for biochemical studies were homogenised and processed for the determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities. Findings in the treated animals showed low birth weights, raised ALP but reduced MDA, with corresponding alterations in the cortical cytoarchitecture, which could explain some of the pathological basis for the neurobehavioural problems associated with offspring of women smokers.Item Diabetes-Induced prefrontal Nissl substance deficit and the effects of Neem-bitter leaf extract treatment.(International Journal of Morphology,, 2011) Akinola, OB; Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Dosumu, OO; Akinola, OS; Olotufore, FCognitive dysfunction is reportedly associated with poorly-managed diabetes mellitus. In this study, we report the effect of oral treatment with combined leaf extract (CLE) of neem and bitter leaf on the prefrontal cortex of diabetic Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomized to one of the following groups: control, diabetic (STZ-induced), STZ + CLE, STZ + metformin and CLE only. At euthanasia, paraffin sections of the prefrontal cortex were stained with cresyl fast violet; while malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were assayed in prefrontal homogenates. Oral CLE produced normoglycemia in the treated hyperglycaemic rats. Besides, Nissl-stained prefrontal sections showed no morphologic deficits in all the groups except the untreated diabetic rats. In the latter, there was weak Nissl staining, while prefrontal MDA was significantly high at euthanasia, compared with the control and CLE-treated rats (P<0.05). This study showed that untreated diabetes mellitus is associated with prefrontal Nissl body deficit and oxidative stress in Wistar rats. The absence of these deficits in CLE-treated rats suggests a neuroprotective effect of the extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. This may improve the cognitive function of the prefrontal cortex in diabetes mellitus.Item Effects of combined leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina and Azadirachta indica on hepatic morphology and hepatotoxicity markers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.(Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao, (Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine), 2011) Akinola, OB; Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Akinola, OS; Dosumu, OO; Adewoye, ETObjectives: In this work, we studied liver morphology, markers of hepatic oxidative stress and some liver enzymes in diabetic rats treated with the combined leaf extract (CLE) of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and Azadirachta indica (neem). Methods: Diabetes was induced in fasted male Wistar rats with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Oral CLE (500 mg/kg body weight) and metformin (150 mg/kg body weight) were administered to different groups of diabetic rats for eight weeks. Blood glucose and change in body weight were estimated weekly. All animals were sacrificed under anaesthesia after eight weeks. Hepatic sections were stained with periodic acid-Schiff. Liver samples were homogenized and assayed for contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), while the plasma was assayed for contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Results: Metformin and CLE treatment produced normoglycaemia in the diabetic rats in the course of the treatment period. Significant increases in body weight were observed in the treatment groups compared with the diabetic control rats (P<0.05). In the control and treatment groups, light microscopic study showed intact hepatic histology. Plasma ALT and AST were not significantly different from the control values in the CLE-treated rats. In addition, from week four onwards, blood glucose concentrations in the CLE-treated rats were not different from the normal control (P>0.05). Besides, hepatic MDA (P<0.05) significantly decreased in the CLE-treated rats compared with the normal control. Conclusion: These findings suggest that CLE ameliorates hyperglycemia and hepatic oxidative stress when administered to diabetic rats as a chronic regimen, and there was no morphologic or biochemical evidence of liver damage at the dose tested.Item Effects of unripe Musa paradisiaca on the histochemistry of the testis and testosterone levels in adult albino rats.(Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences,, 2017) Alabi, Ade Stephen; Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Tagoe, CNB; Akinola, OB; Enaibe, BUSummary: This study was aimed at determining the effects of the unripe fruit of Musa paradisiaca on the testis and testosterone levels in male Wistar rats. The animals were grouped into three, comprising a control, and 2 treatment groups administered with different doses (500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) daily of the fruit flour over 28 days. Histochemical evaluation of the testes was done using Haematoxylin and Eosin, Periodic acid Schiff’s (PAS) and Feulgen staining techniques, while the serum and homogenised testicular tissue were evaluated for testosterone levels using Accu-Bind ELISA Kit. The testis of the treated groups showed more rapidly dividing cells and more population of sperm cells compared to the control group, and also showed more positivity for Feulgen staining and PAS reaction. Both serum and testicular testosterone levels were however reduced. Serum testosterone was significantly lowered in the animals given the low dose (0.67 ± 0.03 ng/ml), compared to those given high dose (0.85 ± 0.02 ng/ml) and the control animals (1.88 ± 0.15 ng/ml) (p < 0.05). Changes in testicular testosterone were not statistically significant. The study suggests that M. paradisiaca fruit has reproductive enhancing potential when consumed moderately, but this benefit may not be related to testosterone levels.Item Gestational nicotine exposure alters oligodendrocyte morphology and axonal myelination in the lateral prefrontal cortex of young Wistar rats.(Nigerian Journal of Neuroscience,, 2015) Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Alabi, AS; Femi-Akinlosotu, Omowumi; Akinola, OB; Enaibe, BU; Caxton-Martins, Ezekiel AdemolaPrenatal exposure of the foetus to chemical insults has implications on the overall growth and development of the baby before and after birth. This study examined the effects of prenatal exposure to nicotine on the morphology of oligodendrocytes which are responsible for the development of myelin in the central nervous system, and are critical in neurodevelopment. Twenty adult female Wistar rats were used for the study. Their oestrous cycle was determined by vaginal smearing, and subsequently exposed to male rats for mating. The female Wistar rats were thereafter grouped into two and each group was further subdivided into a saline-treated control and a nicotine-treated subgroup. Each treatment lasted 5 consecutive days between days 9-13 (Group A) and days 16-20 (Group B) of pregnancy. The pups were allowed to grow and, at postnatal day 15, were euthanized and perfusion-fixed transcardially. The lateral prefrontal cortex was processed for histochemical, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies. Findings indicated marked decrease in oligodendrocyte count, reduced expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), and impaired myelin formation. These changes can affect the normal growth and development of the brain with severe implications on cognitive and motor functions after birth.Item Identification of the anthropometric index that best correlates with fasting blood glucose and BMI in post-pubescent female Nigerians.(Anatomy Journal of Africa,, 2014) Akinola, OB; Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Akinlolu, AA; Ayangbemi, KDThe association between anthropometric indices and the incidence of metabolic disturbances varies between age groups and races. In this study, we report the relationship between fasting blood glucose (FBG) and some anthropometric markers of body mass and central obesity in a population of postpubescent female Nigerians (16-23 years). After obtaining written consent from each of the 178 subjects; and the completion of a questionnaire on individual demographics, we collected the following anthropometric data: waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), height (H), and weight (W). We also estimated the body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and waist to height ratio (WHtR). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was estimated using a glucometer. The mean FBG was 83.65 mg/dl and this was best positively and significantly correlated with BMI (r=0.15; P<0.05) in this population. Besides, among other obesity markers, WHtR was most strongly and significantly correlated with BMI (r=0.70; P<0.05). Our data shows that in young (post-pubescent) female Nigerians, the best anthropometric indicator of FBG (and thus of metabolic status), is the BMI, and this is most strongly correlated with WHtR in this particular population.Item Morphological and neurohistological changes in adolescent rats administered with nicotine during intrauterine life(Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, 2013) Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Ibitolu, JO; Femi-Akinlosotu, OM; Akinola, OB; Enaibe, BUTobacco smoking has been linked to many preventable diseases affecting various organs and systems of the body, including the brain. The current study was conducted to demonstrate the histological changes observable in the cerebral cortex of young Wistar rats exposed to nicotine during gestation. Vaginal smearing was conducted for the female Wistar rats to determine their oestrous cycle, after which they were exposed to male rats overnight, for mating. Pregnancy was confirmed and the pregnant rats were divided into 3 groups based on the 3 trimesters (A, B, C), with each group having a control and a treated subgroup. The Control Groups (A1, B1, C1) were given 0.1 ml of normal saline i. p., while the Treated Groups (A2, B2, C2) received 0.06 mg/kg/0.1 ml of nicotine intra-peritoneally. Treatment was for a period of 6 days only within each trimester for all subgroups. The pregnant animals were allowed to litter, and at postnatal day 35 they were sacrificed. The skull was dissected to expose and remove the brain; the temporal and parietal cortices were excised and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for histological tissue preparation, using cresyl fast violet staining techniques. Exposure of the developing brain to nicotine during gestation resulted in various degrees of abnormalities in the cytoarchitecture of the parietal and temporal cortices of young rats. The gestational period of nicotine exposure and specific cortical affectation are important factors to consider while investigating neurological abnormalities in offspring of tobacco smokers.Item uprizone toxicity and Garcinia kola biflavonoid complex activity on hippocampal morphology and neurobehaviour(Heliyon, Elsevier, 2019-02-26) Omotoso, GO; Olajide, OJ; Gbadamosi, IT; Adebayo, JO; Enaibe, BU; Akinola, OB; Owoyele, BVCuprizone-induced neurotoxicity has been employed to study the biology of remyelination in experimental models of multiple sclerosis. This study was aimed at determining the role of kolaviron, a biflavonoid from Garcinia kola, in mitigating the damaging effects of cuprizone on behaviour and the hippocampus. Twenty-four male albino mice aged 6–8 weeks were categorised into 4 equal groups: Group A (Control) received regular diet; Group B received 200 mg/kg/d of kolaviron in addition to their regular diet; Group C received 0.2% cuprizone diet only, while Group D received both kolaviron and cuprizone diet. The treatment lasted for 35 days after which behavioural tests (Morris water maze, Y maze and open field tests) were conducted and brain tissues were processed for histology, histochemistry (Nissl staining), immunohistochemistry (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and biochemistry (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase). Results showed that cuprizone toxicity led to weight loss, impairment in memory and exploratory drive, oxidative stress, chromatolysis and reactive astrocytosis; meanwhile administration of kolaviron prevented cuprizone-induced weight loss, memory decline, oxidative stress and neuromorphological alterations. In conclusion, administration of kolaviron might be useful in limiting the effects of cuprizone toxicity on the morphology and functions of the hippocampus.