Browsing by Author "Akanbi, Olatunde Babatunde"
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Item Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of aqueous extract of Parquetina nigrescens in streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats(CellPress, 2021-06-17) Ojuade, Fatimoh Idowu; Olorundare, Olufunke Esan; Akanbi, Olatunde Babatunde; Afolabi, Saheed Olanrewaju; Njan, Anoka AyembeBackground: Parquetina nigrescens is among the evergreen plants native to West Africa. It is used in the management of various ailments including anemia, fever, asthma and diabetes. This study evaluated the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Parquetina nigrescens in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in overnight fasted rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), followed by the administration of nicotinamide (120 mg/kg) after an interval of 15 min. Diabetic rats were orally administered with; 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of aqueous extract of Parquetina nigrescens (AEPN), metformin (180 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (1 mg/kg) for two weeks. The effect of treatments on fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, leptin, adiponectin, homa-ir, lipid profile, body weight, pancreatic antioxidants parameters, hepatic glycogen content, glucose-6-phosphate activity, α-amylase inhibition, α-glucosidase inhibition, lipase inhibition and histology of the organs were evaluated. Results: Data from this study showed that treatment with AEPN produced a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in fasting blood glucose, glucose-6-phosphatase activity, serum lipase, total triglyceride, total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoproteins, very low-density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, coronary risk index, pancreatic α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase activities. Treatment with AEPN also produced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in; glucose tolerance, glycogen content, leptin, adiponectin and pancreatic antioxidants (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and high-density lipoproteins). The histology of the organ showed regeneration of the pancreatic tissue after treatment with AEPN. Conclusions: This study showed that AEPN exhibited antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity in streptozotocin –nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats.Item Bacterial and Parasitic Agents Associated with Outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) in Nigeria(Vom Journal of Veterinary Science, 2006) Kumbish, Peterside; Bello, M. K; Jambalang, Alex; Hussaini, Bakare; Solomon, Ponman; Ekong, P.S; Damina, M; Elisha, I; Chukwukere, S; Bako, Ben; Nanbol, D; Akanbi, Olatunde Babatunde; Joannis, Tony; Ularamu, H; Shittu, I; Suleiman, LThe Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) was reported in Nigeria in early January 2006. A total of 430 suspected samples were submitted to the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom for analysis. 149 of the analysed samples were positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza, out of which 89 were found to have different bacterial organisms. 60 had parasitic agents and 22 had both bacterial and parasitic agents associated with E.coli alone had a mortality of 9.15%, Klebsiella spp alone had a percentage mortality of 26.86%. Combined infections with E. coli and Klebsiella spp resulted in mortality of 66.41%, 28 cases were negative for any bacterial growth and had mortality of 13.12%. Some parasites found to be associated with the outbreak of HPAI are; Eimeria spp (45 cases) and Ascaridia galli (10 cases) found in cases with mortalities of 18.34% and 58.33% respectively. Mortalities in positive cases that had concurrent bacteria and parasitic complications were found to be progressively increasing; E. coli and Eimeria spp 4.57%; Klebsiella spp/ Eimeria spp - 10.23% and E. coli/ Klebsiella /Eimeria spp - 19.25%. It is not clear how far these infections contributed to mortalities caused by the HPAI.Item Clinico-Pathological Features of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI-H5N1) Outbreaks in Commercial Chickens in Nigeria(Vom Journal of Veterinary Science, 2006) Kumbish, Peterside; Joannis, Tony; Jambalang, Alex; Damina, M; Hussaini, Bakare; Akanbi, Olatunde Babatunde; Oyetunde, I; Abdu, M; Danbirni, S; James, Ahmed; Yahaya, K; Bako, Ben; Nanbol, Daniel; Elisha, I; Solomon, Ponman; Ogunsan, E; Adulugba, A; Okewole, PhilipIn early January 2006, the first confirmed oubreaks of avian influenza in domestic birds occurred in the commercial chicken flocks in Kaduna, Jos and Kano States in the northern part of Nigeria. The outbreaks were confirmed to be the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by the subtype H5N1. The outbreak was spontaneously reported in Jos, and about 10 days later it was reported in Kano and it quickly spread to other parts of the country. The infection was characterized by very high mortality in commercial layers. It was also observed to affect turkeys, broilers, cockerels, backyard/local chickens, ostriches, pigeons, guinea fowls, geese and ducks. The gross and microscopic lesions were found to similar to what have been described earlier for the disease.Item A Retrospective Study of Rabies Cases Reported at Vom Christian Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria, 2006 – 2010.(Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 2011) Aworh, Mabel; Nwosuh, Chika; Ajumobi, O; Okolocha, E; Akanbi, Olatunde BabatundeRabies is a zoonosis of public health importance in Nigeria. Exposure to bites of rabid dogs is the cause of over 99% of human cases of rabies worldwide. Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) is a vital aspect of clinical rabies prevention in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of rabies disclosure among dog-bite victims (DBVs) and their compliance with a PEP regimen. We reviewed patient records of DBVs who were treated at the Vom Christian Hospital, Plateau State, from 2006 - 2010, obtained information on patient demographics and rabies status of implicated dogs from patients' hospital records. A trend of reported rabid dog bites in children was determined. We assessed compliance of DBVs with the recommended dosage regimen for PEP which is local wound treatment followed by vaccine therapy on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 30. Over the five-year period, 713 DBVs were reported; 377(52.9%) were children <15 years, 404(56.7%) were males and Rabid dog-bites among children increased exponentially from 2007(6/1,000,000) to 2009(41/1,000,000) with a steep decline in 2010 (24/1,000,000). Of all DBVs, 677 (95%) first sought veterinary care. Of all implicated dogs, 305(42.8%) were tested and 299 (98.0%) were positive for rabies. Nearly all (99.6%) DBVs were treated using human diploid cell rabies vaccine, while only 49.1% completed the recommended doses. Of the 299 DBVs bitten by rabies-positive dogs, 59.2% completed the regimen and were likely to be PEP compliant than those bitten by untested dogs (p<0.01). No mortalities among DBVs were reported to the hospital. Rabies in dogs is a serious public health problem in Plateau State, in which children constitute the highest proportion of rabid DBVs reported. We recommend joint sensitization of physicians and veterinarians about the need for detailed DBV and animal information for rabies management.