Browsing by Author "Ajaiyeoba, E.O."

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Antibacterial Screening and Isolation of Compounds from Detarium microcarpum Stem Bark against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    (. Journal of Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 2020) Salawu, K.M.; Wang, Y.; Maharjan, R.; Ajaiyeoba, E.O.
    Purpose: Infectious diseases are leading cause of death globally and a primary cause of public health concern. The most worrisome aspect of microbial infection is the emergence of resistant strains of micro-organisms to commonly available antimicrobial agents. The emergences of resistant strains have added more pressure on the need to identify new agents that may be effective against resistant microbial strains. The focus of this study was to screen the crude extract and fractions of D. microcarpum stem bark for their antibacterial effects and isolate compounds with antibacterial activities. Methods: The stem bark of Detarium microcarpum was collected, authenticated, air dried, extracted into 70% methanol. The extract was fractionated successively into n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Concentrated extract and fractions were subjected to antibacterial assay using Microplate Alamar Blue Assay. Two compounds were isolated using column chromatographic techniques. The compounds were characterised using spectroscopic techniques and later subjected to antibacterial studies to determine their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: The crude extract displayed weak antibacterial activity across the panel of test microorganisms while the fractions displayed antibacterial activity in order of decreasing polarity. Compounds isolated from dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions were identified as methyl gallate (compound 1) and catechin gallate (compound 2), respectively. Interestingly compounds 1 and 2 displayed anti-MRSA activity with compound 2 (MIC of 200 µg/mL) displayed anti-MRSA activity. Conclusion: Antibacterial and chromatographic analysis of D. microcarpum stem bark led to identification of compounds active against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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    Ethnobotanical Survey, Phytochemical Screening, Growth Inhibitory Effects and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Medicinal Plants used for Cancer Management in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria
    (2021) Salawu, K.M.; Ogbole, O.O.; Abiodun, O.O.; Ajaiyeoba, E.O.
    Cancer is a leading cause of death globally and in many local communities, medicinal plants are employed by traditional medicine practitioners (TMP’s) to manage cancer patients. This study was designed to access information on medicinal plants that are locally employed for cancer management in Ilorin metropolis and evaluate growth inhibitory and cytotoxic potentials of selected plants mentioned from the survey.An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among TMP’s in Ilorin metropolis. Plants selected from the survey were collected at Ilorin and authenticated at the Herbarium Unit Department of Plant Biology University of Ilorin before they were air-dried, pulverised and extracted into aqueous-methanol (30:70%). Phytochemical constituents of the plants were determined and thereafter the extracts obtained were subjected to growth inhibitory assays using Sorghum bicolor radicle and Allium cepa root. Cytotoxicity of the plant extracts using brine shrimp lethality and MTT colorimetric assays was evaluated.Fifteen (15) respondents comprising of 9 herb-sellers and 6 herbalist gave their consent to participate in the ethnobotanical study. Nineteen plants belonging to twelve families were mentioned for the management of cancer. The plants were observed to contain secondary metabolites including saponins, tannins, alkaloids, free and combined anthraquinones, flavonoids and terpenoids. Extracts of Detarium microcarpum stem bark and Prosopis africana whole fruit displayed the highest growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects, with Detarium microcarpum displayed the higher cytotoxicity against Hep-2C cancer cells (IC50 value of 0.08±0.00 μg/mL) compared to cyclophosphamide (2.69±0.25 μg/mL).This study reveals that Detarium microcarpum and Prosopis africana used traditionally in Ilorin for the management of cancer possess growth inhibitory and cytotoxicity effects. These plants might be further explored for anticancer drug discovery.
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    Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Brine Shrimp Lethality and Antiproliferative Analyses of Solanum dasyphyllum schum. & thonn. Leaf and Fruit Extracts (Solanaceae)
    (Savannah Veterinary Journal, 2019) Sodeinde, O.A.; Salawu, K.M.; Ogbole, O.O.; Ajaiyeoba, E.O.
    Introduction: Solanum dasyphyllum is an edible egg plant belonging to Solanaceae family. The fruit and leaf of S. dasyphyllum are traditionally used to relief swellings and oedema. In this study, we investigated the phyto-chemical constituents, DPPH antioxidant activity, brine shrimp lethality and cytotoxicity on human cancer cell lines of the leaf and fruit extracts of S. dasyphyllum. Methods: The leaf and fruit extracts of S. dasyphyllum were subjected to phytochemical screening, in vitro anti-oxidant assay using DPPH, brine shrimp lethality (BSL) bioassay and MTT colorimetric assay using human can-cer cell lines. Results: The leaf and fruit of S. dasyphyllum tested positive for the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides. Extract of the leaf (IC50 of 274.6±2.45 and LC50 of 406.0±7.41) and fruit (278.2±2.68 µg/mL and 766.7±9.14 µg/mL) displayed weak DPPH radical scavenging activity and brine shrimp lethality (BSL) com-pared to ascorbic acid (IC50=20.2±0.36 µg/mL) and cyclophosphamide (LC50 of 98.76±0.15 µg/mL) respectively. Compared to the fruits extracts, the leaf extract was found to be more cytotoxic with CC50 of 28.46±1.42, 2.99±0.15 and 23.33±2.7 µg/mL on the human cancer cell lines Rd, Hep-2c and the normal cell line, Vero, re-spectively in the MTT colorimetric assay. Significance: The leaf and fruit extracts of S. dasyphyllum had weak DPPH activity and elicited mild cytotoxi-city in BSL assay. However, the leaf extract of displayed a higher cytotoxicity than the fruit extract on human cancer line used in the study.
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    Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Studies of Securinega Virosa Aerial Parts Extract
    (Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences, 2020) Salawu, K.M.; Oyerinde, A.A.; Ajaiyeoba, E.O.
    Cancer and infectious diseases are leading causes of death, globally. Securinega virosa is locally used for the manage ent of cancerous tumour and infectious diseases. This study was designed to investigate the phytochemical consituents of the plant’s aerial parts and determine the antioxidant, antiproliferative and cytotoxic properties of theextract using standard laboratory procedures. The plant was collected and the aerial parts was extracted with methanol. The extract was found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides. It displayed potent antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 0.018±0.002 mg/mL compared to ascorbic acid (0.008±0.001 mg/mL) and was nontoxic to brine shrimp. The extract displayed potent antiproliferative activity with an IC50 value of 1.50±0.037 mg/mL compared to the value for cyclophosphamide, 0.55±0.043 mg/mL in Allium cepa root growth inhibitory assay. The extract displayed potent activities (IC50 = 11.31±0.18 and 7.23±0.01 μg/mL) on RD and Hep-2C cancer cells, respectively, compared to cyclophosphamide (IC50 = 0.32±0.18 and 2.56±0.13 μg/mL). The extract also displayed some antibacterial and anti-fungi activities with up to 10 and 14 mm zones of inhibition against Escherichia coli, Citrobacter ferundii at 0.625 mg/disc, respectively. Securinega virosa extract displayed antioxidant, antiproliferative, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities and the plant maybe considered a viable candidate for discovery of chemotherapeutic agent(s)