Browsing by Author "Ahmed, I. I."
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Item Assessment of deformation twinning in cold rolled austenitic stainless steels with electron back scatter diffraction(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2014) Ahmed, I. I.; Wright, D.; Adebisi, J. A.; Aremu, I. N.; Yahaya, T.; da Fonseca, J. Q.Deformation twinning has traditionally been studied with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In this study, an assessment of deformation twinning in Austenitic Stainless Steel (ASS), type 304L, cold rolled to 20% reduction was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) techniques rather than the conventional TEM. The study revealed the presence of deformation twins in the cold rolled grains of ASS. It emerged from the study that the deformation twins observed may facilitate localised heterogeneous deformation and development of internal stresses within the grain.Item Combustion characteristics of bio-degradable biomass briquettes(School of Engineering, Taylor’s University, Malaysia, 2018) Abdulkareem, S.; Hakeem, B. A.; Ahmed, I. I.; Ajiboye, T. K.; Adebisi, J. A.; Yahaya, T.This paper reports on the combustion characteristics of biodegradable biomass briquettes prepared from charcoal, sawdust and sugarcane bagasse. The three materials were mixed in respective ratio of 20:20:60, 20:30:50, 20:40:40, 20:50:30 and 20:60:20. The briquettes were produced using Budenberg dial gauge hydraulic compression machine with the formation of briquettes under 64 MPa pressure with 120 seconds dwell time. Combustion characteristics such as proximate analysis, fuel-burning rate, fuel ignition time and afterglow time of the produced briquettes were determined. Results show that briquette with sample composition of 20:50:30 has better calorific value of 24613.69 kJ/kg and sample with ratio 20:30:50 has lowest calorific value of 22500.3 kJ/kg, while sampling with ratio 20:30:50 has better physical properties with shatter resistance of 99.61% and porosity index value of 47.40%.Item Design of Mini Combined Harvester(JPE: Journal of Production Engineering, 2017) Abdulkarim, K. O.; Abdulrahman, K. O.; Ahmed, I. I.; Abdulkareem, S.; Adebisi, J. A.; Harmanto, D.In this research, various problems associated with harvesting of agricultural food grains by local farmers in Nigeria were identified. The aim of the research was to design low cost multipurpose mini combined harvester for production using locally available materials at affordable cost. The research was to ensure improved performance and low cost maintenance of harvester for use by farmers in developing nations. The modelling of the chassis and other components of the combined harvester was done using Solid works 2014. The selection of materials for the design was achieved using Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES) 2014. Calculations for the design of each components and power requirements to determine the engine specifications were carried out to ensure optimal performance. The output of the research was the development of mini combine harvester which is a microcosm of large capital intensive harvester, at affordable cost to small scale farmer in developing nations. The research ensures the use of mechanised farming equipments designed and developed from local materials for effective harvesting and transportation of agricultural produce.Item EFFECT OF HEAT INPUT ON THE MECHANICAL AND CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF SMAW MILD STEEL(Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 2017-12) BUsari, O. Y.; Ahmed, I. I.; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.This study was carried out to assess the effect of heat input on the mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of mild steel. The intrinsic nature of fusion welding has made it difficult to provide a complete understanding of corrosion behaviour in some systems. Optical metallography was used to determine grain size and HAZ zone, weldment and parent metal. Mechanical properties of the weldment were observed. Corrosion behaviour of mild steel were investigated in air, sea water, alkaline and acidic medium after welding with shielded metal Arc welding SMAW by varying the welding process parameter that leads to power input and monitoring its welding speed with a stop watch. The microstructural characterization of the welded sample carried out through a metallurgical microscope (x100) and the corrosion response rate by weight loss was observed in the different medium, the sample welded with 180A and low voltage displayed the highest Rockwell hardness and the same was observed for impact test. The effect of various heat inputs on the corrosion behaviour of shielded metal arc welded mild steel show thus the as-received sample have the greatest resistance to corrosion in all the medium, at 180 A, high voltage this is closely followed by sample welded with 180 A, low voltage. The sample welded with 90A, low voltage which has the least corrosion resistance in all medium during the exposure period studied. The low heat input welded samples underwent a long period of heating, low heat input could lead to a greater tendency of distortion which may produce a higher weld cracking in the aggressive corrosion medium. The higher the current, the higher the power input and the deeper the penetration. However, the use of too high weld current may cause problems such as excessive spatter, electrode overheating and cracking while too high weld voltage could cause the beads to be wider and flatter. The low arc voltage produces a stiffer arc that improves penetration. If the voltage is too low, a very narrow bead will result.Item Finite Element Analysis of Mini Combined Harvester Chassis and Hitch(JPE: Journal of Production Engineering, 2017) Abdulkarim, K. O.; Abdulrahman, K. O.; Ahmed, I. I.; Abdulkareem, S.; Adebisi, J. A.; Harmanto, D.The perennial problems associated with harvesting of agricultural products in sub-Sahara Africa are not unconnected with financial limitations of the farmers. The design of low cost mini combine harvester was aimed at ameliorating the challenges of agricultural products harvest in Nigeria. The work presented here was a detailed analysis of low cost mini combine harvester chassis and hitch. The need for cost effectiveness, affordability, durability and efficiency of the designs necessitated detail analysis of the design to achieve the above objectives. Solidworks Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software was employed in carrying out both static and fatigue analysis of a low-cost mini combine harvester chassis and hitch design. The results were compared and contrasted, with appreciable improvements on available existing data. The stresses, displacements and strains on the chassis were significantly low with factors of safety of 2.48 and 2.80 for chassis and hitch respectively.Item Hardness and Tensile Properties of Prophylactic Knee Brace Produced from Cow Bone and Periwinkle Shell Composites(Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2019-06) Abdulkareem, S.; Adekaye, T. A.; Abdulrahim, A. T.; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Ajiboye, T. K.; Ahmed, I. I.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Adebisi, J. A.; Yahaya, TApplication of reinforced aluminium scrap for the production of prophylactic knee brace (Pkb) particularly with agro-waste materials is rarely available. In this work, hardness and tensile properties of aluminium alloy (Al 6063) straps reinforced with cow bone (Cb) and periwinkle shell (Ps) for the production of Pkb were investigated. The Cb and Ps sourced were cleaned and the Cb was sun-dried for 4 weeks before crushing with Denver laboratory Ball mill (Model: 48-D0500/Q). The Ps was also crushed, sun-dried for 7 days and treated in the oven (Model SDO/225) at 110 oC for 30 minutes to remove moisture. The particle size of 75 μm was used to cast six (6) each of aluminium/cowbone (Al/Cb) and aluminium/periwinkle shell (Al/Ps) composites. The cast aluminium composites of Pkb and original Pkb were investigated for density, hardness, and tensile properties. It was observed that addition of Cb and Ps in the cast Pkb gave a density of 2.68 g/cm3 and 2.60 g/cm3 respectively. The average values of hardness and tensile strength obtained were 41.18 BHN and 135.88 MPa respectively when Ps was added to the cast aluminium Pkb, while addition of Cb gave harness values of 40.45 BHN and tensile strength of 134.63 MPa.Item Investigation of Surface Residual Stress Profile on Martensitic Stainless Steel Weldment with X-Ray Diffraction(Elsevier, 2018) Ahmed, I. I.; Adebisi, J. A.; Abdulkareem, S.; Sherry, A. H.The development of residual stresses during fabrication is inevitable and often neglected with dire consequences during the service life of the fabricated components. In this work, the surface residual stress profile following the martensitic stainless steel (MSS) pipe welding was investigated with X-ray diffraction technique. The results revealed the presence of residual stresses equilibrated across the weldment zones. Tensile residual stress observed in weld metal was balanced by compressive residual stresses in the parent material on the opposing sides of weld metal.Item Investigation of Thermal Insulation Properties of Biomass Composites(Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424, Indonesia, 2016) Abdulkareem, S; Ogunmodede, S; Aweda, J. O.; Abdulrahim, A. T; Ajiboye, T. K; Ahmed, I. I.; Adebisi, J. A.This paper reports on the investigation of thermal properties of Kapok, Coconut fibre and Sugarcane bagasse composite materials using molasses as a binder. The composite materials were moulded into 12 cylindrical samples using Kapok, Bagasse, Coconut fibre, Kapok and Bagasse in the ratios of (70:30; 50:50 and 30:70), Kapok and Coconut fibre in the ratios of (70:30; 50:50 and 30:70), as well as a combination of Kapok, Bagasse and Coconut fibre in ratios of (50:10:40; 50:40:10 and 50:30:20). The sample size is a 60mm diameter with 10mm – 22mm thickness compressed at a constant load of 180N using a Budenberg compression machine. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity tests were carried out using thermocouples and the results were read out on a Digital Multimeter MY64 (Model: MBEB094816), while a Digital fluke K/J thermocouple meter PRD-011 (S/NO 6835050) was used to obtain the temperature measurement for diffusivity. It was observed that of all the twelve samples moulded, Bagasse, Kapok plus Bagasse (50:50), Kapok plus Coconut fibre (50:50) and Kapok plus Bagasse plus Coconut fibre (50:40:10) has the lowest thermal conductivity of 0.0074, 0.0106, 0.0132, and 0.0127 W/(m-K) respectively and the highest thermal resistivity. In this regard, Bagasse has the lowest thermal conductivity followed by Kapok plus Bagasse (50:50), Kapok plus Bagasse plus Coconut fibre (50:40:10) and Kapok plus Coconut fibre (50:50).Item Microstructural correlation of hardness profile in martensitic stainless steel weldment(Springer, 2016) Ahmed, I. I.; Adebisi, J. A.; Yahaya, T.; Abdulkareem, S.; Sherry, A. H.The correlation between microstructures and hardness profiles in low carbon martensitic stainless steel girth weldment were investigated. Optical microscopy and a scanning electron microscope equipped with electron back scatter diffraction system were used for assessment of microstructural phases, grain sizes, and grain misorientation across the weldment. The hardness value fluctuated between the peak and lowest values in the heat-affected zone of the weldment. The hardness profile observed is consistent with microstructural evolution across the weldment. The low hardness value observed in the weld metal was attributed to the large proportion of ferrite introduced by the superduplex filler metal used for the fabrication and grain coarsening caused by prolonged cooling of the weld metal. The electron backscatter diffraction data showed that higher grain sizes occurred in the weld metal and this is consistent with the highest degree of misorientation and recrystallisation observed in the weld metal than parent and HAZ region of weldment.Item Physical and Mechanical Characteristics Of Charcoal, Sawdust and Sugarcane Bagasse as Solid Fuel Materials(Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), 2017) Abdulkareem, S; Badejo, H. A.; Ahmed, I. I.; Adebisi, J. A.; Yahaya, T.; Ajiboye, T. K.; Abdulrahim, A. T.This paper reports on the physical and mechanical characteristics of briquettes produced from charcoal, sawdust and sugarcane bagasse using molasses with sodium silicate as binders. Charcoal, sawdust and sugarcane bagasse were mixed in a respective ratio of 20:20:60, 20:30:50, 20:40:40, 20:50:30 and 20:60:20. The briquettes were produced using Budenberg dial gauge compression machine, with a pressure of 64 MPa at 120 seconds dwell time. Physical properties (relaxation ratio, compaction ratio and shattering index) and mechanical property (compressive strength) of the produced briquettes were investigated. Results show that briquette with sample composition of 20:30:50 has better physical properties with a relaxation ratio of 1.562, a compaction ratio of 7.573 and shatter index of 99.6%, while sample with ratio 20:40:40 has the highest compressive strength of 55.43 kN/m2.Item Potential of Cow Horn for Carbonitriding Treatment of Steel(Springer, 2018) Ahmed, I. I.; Mohammed, A. T.; Abdulkareem, S.; Yahaya, .; Ambali, I. O.; Bayode, B. L.; Adebisi, J. A.The potential of carbonitriding treatment of steel with cow horn was investigated in line with abattoir waste to wealth approach of waste management. The objectives of the study included processing of cow horn into different morphologies namely: powder and flakes for carbonitriding heat treatment, and, chemical analyses of cow horn with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques to determine the chemical composition and phases of cow horn respectively. The heat treatment was carried out at 850 and 450 °C for carburizing and nitriding dominated processes respectively. Vickers hardness measurement was carried out to determine the hardness profile on carbonitrided samples. Optical metallography was carried out for microstructural examination and to investigate phase contrast between the case and core of carbonitrided sample. The result of hardness test observed is consistent with the case hardening profile with higher hardness value at near surface decreasing towards core. Sample heat treated with horn flakes showed higher hardness than those with horn powder. Microstructural phase contrast showed delineation of the hardened case and soft inner core. The high hardness of case was attributed to diffusion of carbon and nitrogen atoms from the cow horn to iron interstices. This supposition was corroborated by detection of carbon and nitrogen with EDS and XRD tests. It was therefore concluded that cow horn could be processed as candidate materials for carbonitriding of steel.Item Potential of producing solar grade silicon nanoparticles from selected agro-wastes: A review(Elsevier, 2017) Adebisi, J. A.; Agunsoye, J. O.; Bello, S. A.; Ahmed, I. I.; Ojo, O. A.; Hassan, S. B.The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) stated that Nigeria generates around 3080MW of electricity but with actual estimated demand of 10,000 MW. Due to the low electricity generation, total energy consumption profile of Nigeria showed that about 99% of the energy consumed is derived from fossil fuels which invariably contribute to greenhouse gases emission. Electricity, if readily available at low cost, can easily replace the fossil fuels which pose adverse effect on the citizen and climate. Solar photovoltaic is identified as an effective renewable energy source that has proven to be a promising candidate for provision of clean and sustainable electricity. Silicon is the leading commercialized terrestrial PV material for making solar cell due to its relative efficiency. This review work highlights the viability of using abundant agricultural wastes in Nigeria to produce nano-sized solar grade silicon employing methods that will require less energy. Details of previous silicon (nanoparticles) synthesized from agricultural wastes are dissected. Production of silicon nanoparticles from this origin could provide low cost solar grade silicon compared with high temperature robust methods currently been used to obtain them. Hence various methods of producing nanoparticles are highlighted.Item Preparation of Silica from Cassava Periderm(School of Engineering, Widener University, U.S.A., 2016) Adepoju, A. D.; Adebisi, J. A.; Odusote, J. K.; Ahmed, I. I.; Hassan, S. B.Cassava peel is a substantial by-product of cassava processing and it constitutes about 13% of the crop. Cassava peel is still currently considered a waste often discarded into the environ-ment indiscriminately, and therefore economically underutilized. In the present work, silica was synthesized from cassava periderm via sol gel route. Cassava periderm was burnt at 600 oC to obtain Cassava Periderm Ash (CPA) prior to alkaline leaching of the silica content which was thereafter precipitated with acid. The silica aquagel was then prepared by pH controlled titration and aging, and followed by drying to form silica. Quantitative analysis showed that silica yield from CPA was 61.53%. The morphology, elemental composition and phases of the silica were investigated with SEM, EDX and XRD respectively. SEM revealed that silica particles are small but not uniform. The EDX compositional analysis confirmed the presence of Si silicon among others present. The Sherrer’s equation used to evaluate the particle size showed that the aver-age particle size of the silica was 62.69 nm. The silica obtained could be used as desiccant in the laboratory, and industrially, as filler for polymer composites and feedstock for production of silicon used in the manufacture of solar panel.Item Preparation of Silica from Cassava Periderm(School of Engineering, Widener University, U.S.A., 2016) Adepoju, A. D.; Adebisi, J. A.; Odusote, J. K.; Ahmed, I. I.; Hassan, S. B.Cassava peel is a substantial by-product of cassava processing and it constitutes about 13% of the crop. Cassava peel is still currently considered a waste often discarded into the environment indiscriminately, and therefore economically underutilized. In the present work, silica was synthesized from cassava periderm via sol gel route. Cassava periderm was burnt at 600 °C to obtain Cassava Periderm Ash (CPA) prior to alkaline leaching of the silica content which was thereafter precipitated with acid. The silica aquagel was then prepared by pH controlled titration and aging, and followed by drying to form silica. Quantitative analysis showed that silica yield from CPA was 61.53%. The morphology, elemental composition and phases of the silica were investigated with SEM, EDX and XRD respectively. SEM revealed that silica particles are small but not uniform. The EDX compositional analysis confirmed the presence of Si silicon among others present. The Sherrer's equation used to evaluate the particle size showed that the average particle size of the silica was 62.69 nm. The silica obtained could be used as desiccant in the laboratory, and industrially, as filler for polymer composites and feedstock for production of silicon used in the manufacture of solar panel.Item Stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels in chloride environment(Faculty of Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, 2015) Ahmed, I. I.; Alabi, A. G. F.; Odusote, J. K.; Aremu, I. N.; Adebisi, J. A.; Yahaya, T.; Talabi, S. I.; Yahya, R. A.; Lyon, S. B.This study was carried out to assess the effect of applied potentials on Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) of Austenitic Stainless Steels (ASS), Type 304L in a potentiostatically controlled chloride environment at ambient temperature. The stress corrosion cracking tests were carried out on annealed ASS using a Slow Strain Rate Test (SSRT) technique in sodium chloride solution acidified with hydrochloric acid at ambient temperature. Analyses of failed specimens were carried out using optical microscope. The study showed that plastic elongation, ultimate tensile strength and time to failure decrease as the applied potential increases during the slow strain rate test. The study showed that immunity of ASS to chloride SCC was improved when the electrochemical potential was maintained in the primary passive potential range. Analysis of failed samples showed evidences of SCC.