Browsing by Author "Agunu, Abdulkarim"
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Item Antioxidant, Brine Shrimp Lethality, and Antiproliferative Properties of Gel and Leaf Extracts of Aloe schweinfurthii and Aloe vera(JOURNAL OF HERBS, SPICES & MEDICINAL PLANTS, 2017) Salawu, Kayode; Ayaiyeoba, Edith; Ogbole, Omonike; Adeniji, Johnson; Faleye, Temitope; Agunu, AbdulkarimLeaf and gel extracts of Aloe schweinfurthii and A. vera were subjected to in vitro antioxidant assay using 2,2-diphennyl-1picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), brine shrimp lethality bioassay, and cytotoxicity using the MTT assay with two human cancer cell lines: Rd and Hep-2c. Extracts of A. schweinfurthii gel had IC values of 44.59; A. vera gel, 41.48, and A. vera leaf, 38.84 µg.mL , had similar DPPH radical-scavenging properties and were more active than A. schweinfurthii leaf. Ascorbic acid had an IC of 9.26 ± 0.14 µg.mL –1 . Aloe vera leaf (LC 50 = 325 ± 5.38 µg.mL ) was more active than the other three extracts in the BSL assay. The gel extracts of A. schweinfurthii (CC 50 = 4.06 µg.mL on Rd and 9.00 µg.mL –1 on Hep-2c) and A. vera (CC 50 –1 = 4.31 µg.mL on Rd, 9.06 µg.mL –1 on Hep-2c) elicited similar and more potent cytotoxicity comparable to cyclophosphamide, with CC = 2.2 µg.mL –1 on Rd and 2.66 µg.mL –1 on Hep-2c. Leaf extracts were less active than gel extracts. This study showed that A. schweinfurthii gel, A. vera gel and leaf had weak DPPH activity which were similar. Aloe vera and A. schweinfurthii did not elicit potent cytotoxicity in BSL assay. The gels from both Aloe species displayed antipoliferative activity on Rd and Hep-2c, two human cell cancer lines. 50 50 –1 50 –1 –1Item Phytochemical and Anti-Inflammatory Studies of Ethanol Extract of Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) Stem Bark in Rats and Mice(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017) salawu, Kayode; Usman, S. O; Agunu, Abdulkarim; Atuwa, Soliu; Hassan, S.Abstract Background: Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) is a flowering plant used traditionally for the treatment of various disease conditions including hepatitis, dysentery, piles, edema, fever, gastritis, as aphrodisiac, applied to sprains and as a cleanser for washing sores. The aim of the work was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical properties and anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of T. macroptera stem bark. Material and Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening and quantification was carried out on the extract using standard phytochemical methods. The ethanol stem bark extract was screened using the carrageenan induced rat paw edema model, and xylene induced edema model in mice at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses orally. Lorke’s method was used to study the acute oral toxicity effect. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and alkaloids. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract were 164.8±10.37 (GAE/g of dried extract mg/g) and 193.6±6.37 (QE mg/g) respectively. The result showed that the extract produced a significant (p<0.05) dose independent inhibition with the maximum inhibition (89.93%) observed at 30 minutes at 50 mg/kg in the carrageenan induced edema and (49.5%) at 400 mg/kg in xylene induced models. No toxic effect was observed at 4.0g/kg of the extract in rats. Conclusion: The study showed that the ethanol stem bark extract is a good source of various phytochemicals that could be responsible for the observed anti-inflammatory activity of the plant.Item Phytochemical screening and in vivo antidiabetic evaluation of 1:1 combination of the leaf extracts of Heliotropium indicum L. (Boraginaceae) and Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev. (Loganiaceae).(West African Journal of Pharmacy, 2020) Lawal, Bilqis A.; Ayanniyi, Rashidat O.; Ojuade, Fatimoh I.; Usman, Sukurat O.; Olumoh-Abdul, Hidayah A.; Salawu, Kayode M.; Njinga, Ngaitad S.; Agunu, AbdulkarimBackground: Diabetes is a leading cause of death globally. In many part of developing nations herbal medicines are often used singly or in combination for the management of diabetes. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity, anti-diabetic and anti-dyslipidemic effects of Heliotropium indicum (HI) and Anthocleista djalonensis (AD) used singly and in combination. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening was also carried out. Methods: The plant extracts were screened for their cytotoxicity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA). Hyperglycaemia was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) and confirmed; the hyperglycaemic rats were grouped and various doses of HI and AD extracts administered singly and in combination once a day for 14 days with oral cannular. Blood glucose of various groups was measured on days 0, 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14. The lipid profile was also determined. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluation was carried out using standard procedures. Results: The combination of extracts showed more toxic effect compared to individual extracts. The combination of leaf extracts of HI and AD (in ratio 1:1) produced significant reduction of blood glucose at 400 mg/kg (p<0.05) on day 14 while this combination also produced a significant (p<0.05) reduction in serum phospholipids at 200 and 400 mg/kg. Phytochemical screening of the methanol leaf extract of AD revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids and tannins while alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids were absent in HI. Conclusion: The administration of extract of HI and AD singly produced significant reduction in blood glucose and found to be safe. The methanol leaf extract of HI and AD combination also produced significant reduction in blood glucose and serum phospholipids but was found to be toxic. Hence, combined used of HI and AD should be discouraged because of increased of toxicity.Item A Survey of Plants used in Treatment of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria(Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017) Agunu, Abdulkarim; Lawal, Bilqis A.; Akande, Azeez A.Background: Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus have emerged as the leading non-communicable disease worldwide, thus, the increasing need to continuously explore more and better ways of treating these diseases. Objectives: To carry out a survey of plants used in the treatment of hypertension and Diabetes mellitus in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: Interview was conducted among respondents using semi-structured questionnaires and asking open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Result: A total of 30 respondents comprising of 60.0% male and 40.0% female with the highest distribution of age range at above 50 years old (50.0%) was reported. Forty (40) medicinal plant species belonging to thirty-one (31) plant families were cited with the Apocynaceae family having the highest number of medicinal plants, followed by Asteraceae. For hypertension, 32 plant species were reported of which the most cited were Allium sativum (4) and Ficus asperifolia (2) while for Diabetes mellitus, 20 plant species were mentioned, of which the most cited were Hunteria umbellata (10) and Vernonia amygdalina (9). Of particular interest in this study were the plants that appeared for both hypertension and Diabetes treatment. Conclusion: This survey has helped to increase available medicinal plants knowledge and documentation in the management of hypertension and Diabetes. However, further work on the pharmacological activity of these plants as well as formulation in proper dosage form is recommended.