Browsing by Author "Agede, Olalekan Ayodele"
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Item 3D Quantitative structure–activity relationship to predict the anti-malarial activity in a set of Cycloguanil Analogs(Discovery Scientific Society, 2022) Agede, Olalekan Ayodele; Bojuwoye, Matthew Olumuyiwa; Adenike, Adeniyi F; Mokuolu, Olugbenga A; Falade, Catherine OAnti-malarial drugs such as chloroquine, Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and mefloquine have become ineffective in the treatment of malaria due to development of resistance by the malaria parasite. Consequently, the rise in defiance to older drugs initiated an emergency and a continuing need for the invention and development of novel antimalarial agents to treat vulnerable and drug-resistant burdens of malaria. A significant problem of malaria treatment and control is drug resistance procured by malaria parasites. one of the majorly examined enzymes in antimalarial drug composition due to its prospective role in Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis is Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR) in Plasmodium falciparum (PfDHFR- Thymidylate synthase (TS); TS refers to DHFR-linked thymidylate synthase in Plasmodium falciparum), which prompted the depletion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate. Hence, the purpose of this research aims to recognize prospective hits inhibiting DHFR and optimize them to the highest effectiveness and harmlessness in malaria treatment with a design strategy approach from the Chembl database, we procured Cycloguanil derivatives with biological activity data (pKi). The three-dimensional physicochemical captions of the compounds were computed. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model was constructed and a molecular mechanism was deduced by docking assay. Appertaining to the analysis, eleven (11) 3D descriptors were found to be accountable for pharmacological result related with Cycloguanil derivatives while hydrogen bonds were found to be ascribed to their strong binding affinities. The generated QSAR model was attested and found to be strong, which can be used to predict the action of novel compounds to the design of new antimalarials.Item Adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination in Kwara State, North-central Nigeria(PLOS Global Public Health, 2022-07-05) Odeigah, Louis Okeibunor; Mutalub, Yahkub Babatunde; Agede, Olalekan Ayodele; Obalowu, Ismaila A; Aiyetoro, Susan; Jimoh, AA GafarSafe and effective vaccination remains the mainstay of control of COVID-19 because there is still no universally recommended treatment. This strategy is however being threatened by vaccine hesitancy and resistance due to fear of adverse events and safety concerns. It is, therefore, necessary to study post-vaccination adverse events (AE) in various populations and geographical areas. The objective of this study was to analyze the adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination in five major immunization centers of Kwara State Nigeria. A retrospective descriptive study of the adverse events following AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination that were reported from five immunization centers of Kwara State, North-central Nigeria from March to July 2021 was carried out. Statistical Package for Social Science version 26 was used for analysis. Adverse event classification and severity were compared based on age, gender, and time to onset of adverse event and vaccine dose type using the Chi-square test. The incidence of COVID-19 vaccine AE was 1.6%. There was female predominance (51.6%) and a mean age of 41.6±13.7 years. Most of the AE (95.8%) were systemic and mild (81.1%) without a requirement for any therapeutic intervention. Fatal outcome was not reported in any of the AE and the time to outcome of AE was 2 days in most cases (45.3%). No significant association was found between the variables studied and the adverse event type and severity. The low incidence and mild nature of adverse events reported in this study will add to the body of knowledge regarding vaccine adverse events and may eventually impact vaccine uptake.Item Evaluation of Adverse Drug Reactions to Antiretroviral Medications among HIV/AIDS Patients in a Teaching Hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria(Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, University of Nigeria., 2023) Agede, Olalekan Ayodele; Bojuwoye, Matthew Olumuyiwa; Jimoh, Maryam Abimbola; Wasagu, Isa Musa; Ogunjemilua, Sunday BodeThe morbidity and mortality caused by HIV/AIDS have significantly decreased as a result of the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). The frequent occurrences of HAART adverse drug reactions (ADRs) potentially negate the recent advances made in the treatment of the infection. The aim of this present study is to assess the frequency, severity, and connection between ADRs and the HAART regimens being utilized by HIV/AIDS patients in an Ilorin teaching hospital. Using a validated data capture form created for the study, we retrospectively evaluated and analyzed the clinical records of patients living with HIV/AIDS who received treatment at the Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic in UITH between January 2022 and December 2022. The severity of the ADRs was evaluated using a modified Hartwig and Siegel scale, and causality was evaluated using Naranjo's likelihood scale. The evaluation included 384 patient case files that met the inclusion criteria. The most prevalent adverse medication reactions were seen in young adults between the ages of 31 and 40, and they were more common in females (65.9%) than in males (34.1%). Patients with the most often prescribed first-line combination of Tenofovir, Lamivudine, and Dolutegravir experienced the highest frequency of ADRs. The most frequent ADRs were nausea and vomiting (39.6%), followed by loss of appetite (29.4%), and exhaustion (15.9%). The majority of ADRs (92.7%) were mild in nature, and 80.5% were likely caused by the HAART combination that was being used, according to the assessment of severity. Loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting were the most frequent ADRs. They were frequently observed in female patients receiving the tenofovir, lamivudine, and dolutegravir first-line combination. The majority of ADRs were low in severity and most likely resulted from the usage of the HAART combination. ADRs should be actively monitored, patients should be taught to promptly report ADRs, and HAART combinations with a history of proven safety and efficacy should be used in order to build on the successes of HAART in the treatment of HIV/AIDS.Item Evaluation of adverse drug reactions to antiretroviral medications among HIV/AIDS patients in a teaching hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria(Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka., 2023) Agede, Olalekan Ayodele; Bojuwoye, Matthew Olumuyiwa; Jimoh, Maryam Abimbola; Wasagu, Isa Musa; Ogunjemilua, Sunday BodeThe morbidity and mortality caused by HIV/AIDS have significantly decreased as a result of the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). The frequent occurrences of HAART adverse drug reactions (ADRs) potentially negate the recent advances made in the treatment of the infection. The aim of this present study is to assess the frequency, severity, and connection between ADRs and the HAART regimens being utilized by HIV/AIDS patients in an Ilorin teaching hospital. Using a validated data capture form created for the study, we retrospectively evaluated and analyzed the clinical records of patients living with HIV/AIDS who received treatment at the Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic in UITH between January 2022 and December 2022. The severity of the ADRs was evaluated using a modified Hartwig and Siegel scale, and causality was evaluated using Naranjo's likelihood scale. The evaluation included 384 patient case files that met the inclusion criteria. The most prevalent adverse medication reactions were seen in young adults between the ages of 31 and 40, and they were more common in females (65.9%) than in males (34.1%). Patients with the most often prescribed first-line combination of Tenofovir, Lamivudine, and Dolutegravir experienced the highest frequency of ADRs. The most frequent ADRs were nausea and vomiting (39.6%), followed by loss of appetite (29.4%), and exhaustion (15.9%). The majority of ADRs (92.7%) were mild in nature, and 80.5% were likely caused by the HAART combination that was being used, according to the assessment of severity. Loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting were the most frequent ADRs. They were frequently observed in female patients receiving the tenofovir, lamivudine, and dolutegravir first-line combination. The majority of ADRs were low in severity and most likely resulted from the usage of the HAART combination. ADRs should be actively monitored, patients should be taught to promptly report ADRs, and HAART combinations with a history of proven safety and efficacy should be used in order to build on the successes of HAART in the treatment of HIV/AIDSItem Evaluation of referral letters to the Antiretroviral Therapy Outpatient Specialist Clinic of a tertiary health facility in Ilorin Nigeria(College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2022) Agede, Olalekan Ayodele; Ogunmodede, James AyodeleHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is a chronic medical condition that requires lifelong treatment. Specialist care is of importance in it management and referral process to a specialist is mostly initiated through a referral letter. The ability to design a good management plan during consultation depends on the quality of clinical information in the referral. This study was designed to assess the information provided in referral letters presented to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) outpatient specialist clinic in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria It was a retrospective study conducted between January and June 2022. All referral presented to ART clinic on clinic days were reviewed for information provided using a data capture form. A total of 142 referrals were analyzed. The majority of the referral provided information on patient identifiers. Information on clinical parameters considered important for quality review and management were generally unsatisfactory. Less than a quarter of the referral provided information on laboratory investigations like cluster of differentiation 4 count. Majority (97.9%) of the referrals stated the reason for the referral but physical examination findings and medication history were only reported in 38.7% and 43% respectively. Referral letters to ART clinic were deficient in the information needed for quality review. The deficiencies delayed patient management. Institution of measures to address the deficiencies will help to improve HIV care. The use of a structured referral form and training of doctors on the required information in a referral letter will also impact positively on HIV care.Item Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine for Treating Childhood Malaria in Ilorin, Nigeria(Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, 2021-10-30) Agede, Olalekan Ayodele; Mokuolu, Olugbenga; Falade, OlufunkeArtemether-lumefantrine (AL), the ACT of first choice for the treatment of malaria in Nigeria though efficacious and well tolerated has a 6-dose regimen over three days and requires co-administration with a fatty meal for optimal absorption and efficacy. This may lead to poor compliance and consequent loss of efficacy over time. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is another ACT with high efficacy and good tolerability available in Nigeria with a more user-friendly dosing regimen. In an open label randomized clinical trial, we compared the safety and efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) among 110 children aged 6 – 120 months with symptomatic acute uncomplicated malaria in Ilorin north-central Nigeria. Enrolees were followed up for 28days.107 of 110 (97.3%) enrolees completed the study. The mean age of enrolees was 71.95 ±33.25 months (range 7-120) and 47.2% (51/110) were males. Geometric mean parasite density among children who received AL was 19,158/μL (range 1,200 -197,333) and 21,908/μL (range 1024 - 186,182) for those treated with DP (ρ=0.718). Parasite clearance time for AL treated children was significantly shorter than among those treated with DP (2.35 ± 0.71 days versus 2.71±0.61 days) respectively (ρ=0.001). Fever clearance time was also significantly shorter among children who received AL (1.86 ± 0.61 versus 2.17 ± 0.43 respectively (ρ=0.005). Crude D28 cure rate was 100% among both treatment groups. AL and DP were well tolerated. AL and DP were safe and efficacious in the treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria in children from north-central Nigeria.Item KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS REGARDING COVID-19 AND VACCINE IN ILORIN(Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, University of Nigeria, 2022) Agede, Olalekan Ayodele; Afolabi, Saheed OlanrewajuThis study determined the knowledge, attitude and perception regarding COVID-19 and vaccine among healthcare workers in Ilorin. It was a web-based cross-sectional study conducted for a period of eight weeks in secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities in Ilorin. A total of 2,002 healthcare workers participated in the study. Data on sociodemographics, COVID-19 and vaccine-related concerns were collected. Descriptive and frequency statistics were done. The chi-square test was used to evaluate associations between the categorical variables. P-value was set at <0.05. Ordinal regression was used to assess the determinants of willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine. The gender distribution showed female preponderance (67.6%) and most participants were married (85.8%). Most common age group was 36-50 years (n=839,41.9%). Most (61.3%) of the participant got information on COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccine and preventive measures through news and social media. Of the participants, 46.3% used the preventive measures always. Some participants believed these measures help to reduce the spread. Gender as well as other additional factors affected the willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine. There was high awareness about COVID-19 and fair practice of preventive measures. The willingness to take the vaccine among participants was high. Information about the disease and vaccine were sourced mostly from social media. Thus, healthcare policy makers should take advantage of social media to disseminate appropriate information on COVID-19 and vaccine to improve disease control.Item Prevalence and predictors of resistant hypertension among out-patients in Ilorin, Nigeria(National body of the South Sudan Medical Association, 2023) Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Agede, Olalekan AyodeleIntroduction: Systemic hypertension (SH) contributes the highest number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Patients with resistant hypertension (RH) are more prone to hypertension-mediated organ damage. RH has not been well-studied in Africa, despite the fact that the prevalence of SH is highest in Africa. The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence and predictors of RH among out-patients managed in the cardiology unit of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Method: A cross-sectional study of 201 patients selected via systematic random sampling between April and September 2019. Results: Mean age of the participants was 59.6 (SD 13.8) years, females 58.7%, 32.3% were non-obese, 17 (8.5%) consumed alcohol and three (1.5%) smoked tobacco. 30 participants (14.9%) had co-morbid diabetes mellitus. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly higher among patients with RH 152.5 (SD 18) mmHg vs 131.9 (SD 18.4) mmHg (p<0.001) and 89.43 (SD 13.8) mmHg vs 79.46 (SD 10.5) mmHg (p=0.008). Eighteen patients (8.96%, 95% CI: 5.5-14%) had RH. The predictors of RH were obesity (OR= 3.754; p=0.009), SBP at patients’ first clinic visit, (OR=1.029, p=0.032), DBP at patients’ first clinic visit, (OR=1.048, p=0.014), and serum phosphorus, (OR=1.047, p=0.047).