Prevalence and predictors of resistant hypertension among out-patients in Ilorin, Nigeria
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Date
2023
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
National body of the South Sudan Medical Association
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic hypertension (SH) contributes the highest number
of deaths from cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Patients with resistant
hypertension (RH) are more prone to hypertension-mediated organ damage.
RH has not been well-studied in Africa, despite the fact that the prevalence of
SH is highest in Africa. The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence
and predictors of RH among out-patients managed in the cardiology unit of
the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Method: A cross-sectional study of 201 patients selected via systematic random
sampling between April and September 2019.
Results: Mean age of the participants was 59.6 (SD 13.8) years, females
58.7%, 32.3% were non-obese, 17 (8.5%) consumed alcohol and three
(1.5%) smoked tobacco. 30 participants (14.9%) had co-morbid diabetes
mellitus. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
were significantly higher among patients with RH 152.5 (SD 18) mmHg vs
131.9 (SD 18.4) mmHg (p<0.001) and 89.43 (SD 13.8) mmHg vs 79.46
(SD 10.5) mmHg (p=0.008). Eighteen patients (8.96%, 95% CI: 5.5-14%)
had RH. The predictors of RH were obesity (OR= 3.754; p=0.009), SBP at
patients’ first clinic visit, (OR=1.029, p=0.032), DBP at patients’ first clinic
visit, (OR=1.048, p=0.014), and serum phosphorus, (OR=1.047, p=0.047).
Description
Keywords
resistant hypertension; predictors; obesity; serum phosphorus; systolic blood pressure; diastolic blood pressure