Browsing by Author "Agede, Olalekan A"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Item
    Assessment of Medication Prescribing Indicators Using the World Health Organization Standard Indices in a Tertiary Hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences and Basic Clinical Sciences , Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, 2023) Agede, Olalekan A; Ogunmodede, James Ayodele; Ole, Joseph O; Bojuwoye, Matthew Olumuyiwa; Oyedepo, Dapo S; Sanni, Nasiru; Aiyedun, Olawale Stephen
    Background: Drug use is the most common option in treating disease conditions in clinical practice. Irrational prescription and use of medicine have become a major problem in Africa. The patterns of medication prescription in this environment have been under-studied. Evaluating these patterns is essential to provide information that may guide actions towards improving the prescription standards and mitigate the problems associated with irrational prescription and use of medicine. The study aimed to assess medication prescribing patterns by all cadres of doctors in the General Outpatient Department of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) using the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. Methods: It was a six-month retrospective study of medication prescription by all cadres of the doctors attending to outpatients in the General Outpatient Department of UITH between 1st July, 2022 – 31st December, 2022. A validated data capture form was used for the study following the WHO prescribing indicator guidelines. The results were displayed using the arithmetic means, frequencies, and percentages. Results were interpreted by the recommended ideal values by the WHO. Results: 1,650 prescriptions were reviewed, 914 were included in the study. This study found that all the analyzed prescription indices fell short of the WHO recommended threshold. An average of 2.25 medications were prescribed per patient. The percentages of encounters with injections, antibiotics, and other medications by generic name were 87.2%, 66.9%, and 73.2%, respectively. 53.8% of the medications prescribed came from the essential medicine list. Conclusion: All medication prescribing indicators assessed were found to be below the ideal value recommended by WHO. Therefore, we advocated for the training of prescribers and the formulation of policies that will promote the prescription of medications in line with WHO guidelines.
  • Item
    Identification of Molecular Markers associated with COPD in Non-smokers and Smokers: A Bioinformatics Analysis
    (University of Louisville, Kentucky, 2023) Agede, Olalekan A; Wasagu, Isa M; Fawibe, Ademola E; Salami, Alakija K
    Background: Even though the proportional burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among never-smokers is significant in both developing and developed nations, accounting for around 30% of all COPD in the community, there is little awareness of the prevalence of COPD in this population. Understanding the molecular processes that underlie COPD in nonsmokers is essential. Methods: A dataset (GSE146560) was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The limma and clusterProfiler software tools were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and conduct a functional enrichment analysis respectively. Results: In all, 10,583 DEGswere found, of which 1,065were up-regulated and 9,518 were down-regulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, taste transduction, maturity onset diabetes of the young, Hippo signaling pathway, insulin secretion, dilated cardiomyopathy, morphine addiction, and calcium signaling pathway were mainly enriched in the DEGs, along with pathways for the Byzantine arch palate, inflammation, infection, and feeding difficulties. Conclusion: Particularly downregulated COPD genes, such FBXL19-AS1, KRTAP5-AS1, and HAGLR antisense, are identified as COPD biomarkers and may play a role in the pathogenesis of the illness. However, more investigation is required to support this study’s conclusions.
  • Item
    INDICATIONS AND POSITIVITY RATES OF 14C-UBT FOR HELICOBACTER PYLORI DETECTION
    (Kenya Medical Association, 2023) Bojuwoye, Matthew Olumuyiwa; Agede, Olalekan A; Ilesanmi, Omotoyosi Nike; Aiyedun, Olawale Stephen; Suleiman, S.T.; Aliyu, Aminu Mansa; Ojimi, O.O.
    Background: In order to diagnose H. pylori infection, the 14C-UBT (14 Carbon Urea Breath Test) has become a popular non-invasive diagnostic method. Understanding the 14C-UBT indications and the associated positivity rates can offer helpful insights on the frequency of H. pylori infection in various clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection as determined by the 14C-UBT and to analyze the causes of the patterns seen in various clinical presentations. Methods: From 2012 through 2019, pertinent data, including biodata, symptoms, and test results, were obtained from the authorized register. Statistical software for social sciences (SPSS) v22 was used to examine the data once they had been entered into a spreadsheet. Results: The findings revealed that the prevalence of H. pylori infection was highest in people between the ages of 41 and 50, with 45 of 167 patients testing positive. The most frequent reason for performing the 14C-UBT was dyspepsia, with a high positive rate of almost 63.29%. This result can be related to the recognized relationship between H. pylori and chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, both of which are known to produce dyspeptic symptoms. Conclusion: In addition to highlighting dyspepsia as the most frequent indication for the 14C-UBT, this study sheds light on the greater frequency of H. pylori infection in the 41–50-year age group. The diagnosis and treatment of illnesses linked to H. pylori can be aided by understanding these patterns and relationships, ultimately leading to better patient care.
  • Item
    Prevalence of Anemia Among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients and Identification of Diagnostic Markers Associated with the Disease
    (Faculty of Basic Medical and Clinical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, 2023) Agede, Olalekan A; Bojuwoye, Matthew O; Jimoh, Maryam A; Wasagu, Isa M
    Background: A co-morbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been identified as ane-mia. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is now known to have systemic inflammation, making it a po-tential cause of chronic anemia (ACD). According to preliminary findings, anemia may be more common than predicted in COPD patients, occurring in 10% to 15% of cases. This study aims to investigate the preva-lence of anemia in COPD patients and look for biomarkers linked to the disease. Methods: In a retrospective study conducted at a university hospital in Kwara state, Nigeria, 280 patients (166 men and 114 women) with spirometry-confirmed COPD were assessed for the incidence of anemia. The gene expression profiles of microarray data, including GSE148004, were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to discover potential candidate key genes linked to the onset and prognosis of COPD. DAVID was used to examine the pathway enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Results: Anemia was found in 104 people (88 men and 16 women), providing a frequency of 37.1%. Addi-tionally, 57.1% of the patients developed acute exacerbations. There were 9458 DEGs overall, of which 3772 were up-regulated, and 5686 were down-regulated. In the current study, DEGs revealed that the NEDD9 gene was over-expressed in COPD patients. Conclusion: Patients with COPD typically experience anemia, which is linked to higher morbidity in hospi-tal admissions and exacerbations. These patients' clinical outcomes may be improved by treating their ane-mia. A potential biological relationship between anemia and COPD is IL1R1.
  • Item
    Smear Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis Is a Distinct Clinical Entity, Not a “Misdiagnosis Waste Basket”
    (Clinical Medicine International Library, 2022) Fawibe, Ademola E; Desalu, Olufemi O; Agede, Olalekan A; Ojuawo, Olutobi B; Oloyede, Taofeek; Aladesanmi, Adeniyi O
    Background: PTB can mimic many chronic lung diseases resulting in misdiagnosis with serious consequences. Objectives: To appraise all SN PTB patients who were referred to us from lower health facilities after unsuccessful treatment in order to confirm the appropriate diagnosis. Methods: A cross sectional study at the pulmonary section of our hospital. Results: The median age of our patients was 46 with interquartile range of 32 to 54 years. The commonest presenting symptom was difficulty in breathing which was present in almost 90% of them (30 out of 34), cough was present in 24 with sputum production in 22 while haemoptysis was reported in 3. All the 5 patients with malignancy reported chest pain. Sixty eight percent of the patients were referred from Peripheral TB DOT centers and sputum smear tests were done in 82% of them while radiologic tests were done in less than 50% of the patients. The final diagnoses include COPD, malignancy, sarcoidosis, interstitial lung diseases and fungal infection among others. Conclusion: Many lung diseases are misdiagnosed as SN PTB because of similarity in clinical presentation, overreliance on diagnostic test with low TB detection and non adherence to local guidelines. We advocate for WHO-recommended rapid molecular test for all our suspected TB cases and prompt referral of difficult to diagnose cases.