Browsing by Author "Afolabi, O.A"
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Item Correlation of Bacterial Isolates from Middle Ear and Nasopharynx in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in Ilorin, Nigeria(Published by Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2015) Afolabi, O.A; Ologe, F.E; Nwabuisi, C; Salaudeen, A.G; Ajiboye, O.A; Nwawolo, C.C.Purpose: To determine the association between isolates in the middle ear (ME) and nasopharynx of patients with chronic otitis media in Ilorin, north-central Nigeria. Methods: An ethically approved case control study was carried out in the Ear, Nose, and Throat clinic amongst consenting cases using normal subjects as controls. A microbiology investigation form giving the results for otoscopy, aspirate and swabs was filled out for both the ME and nasopharynx. The experimental procedure was carried out and bacteria were identified according to colony characteristics, morphological appearance, Gram-staining, and standard biochemical testing. Data obtained were analysed with SPSS version 16.0 and Epi Info 3.5.1 using the mean, standard deviation and chi-square results. Results: A total of 140 cases and 70 controls, were recruited. The Gram stain reaction of the ME aspirates were positive in 28.6% and negative in 71.4% of cases. Nasopharyngeal swabs revealed 64.3% Gram positive and 35.7% negative organisms. Overall, there was no relationship between the ME and nasopharyngeal isolates amongst cases, with a P value of 0.000. However, there was a relationship amongst the isolate from the nasopharynx of cases and controls, with the exception of Klebsiella pneumoniae, at P < 0.009. Conclusion: There was no relationship amongst the bacterial isolate from the ME and nasopharyngeal specimen of patients with otitis media.Item Descriptive Analysis of Salivary Gland Tumours in Ilorin, Nigeria.(Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine. Published by University of Lagos. Medical Society, Lagos, Nigeria., 2013) Alabi, B.S.,; Rahman, G.A.,; Ibrahim, O.O.K.,; Afolabi, O.A; Omokanye, H.K.,Background: Salivary gland tumors are relatively uncommon lesions accounting for about 3-6% of head and neck tumors with 60 - 80% affecting the parotid glands. 0bjective: The aim is to analyse descriptively the pattern of salivary gland tumor seen in Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective analysis of histological slides reviewed by the pathologist of patients with primary epithelial salivary gland neoplasms operated between 2001 and 2010, in Otorhinolaryngology and General Surgery. Information regarding age, gender, and anatomical location of the tumors was retrieved from the patients' hospital records. All information was entered into a SPSS computer software and result presented in tables and figures. Results: A total of 56 case notes and slides were reviewed with 24males and 32females (M:F-1.0:1.3), with the peak age of 21-30years in males and 31-40 among the females The mean age is 38.62yrs (SD = 18.4±2.5) . There were 31 (55.4%), 17 (30.4%), 8 (14.2%), parotid, submandibular and minor salivary glands tumours respectively. Histologically pleomorphic adenoma constituted the largest with 62.5% in both the submandibular and the parotid gland specimen analysis then, mucoepidermoid tumour in 26.7%, adenoid cystic carcinoma in 5.4% and 1.8% each of acinic cell tumour (malignant), poorly differentiated carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Salivary tumours were slightly commoner among females with pleomorphic adenoma in the third to fifth decades of life being the commonest benign tumour and mucoepidermoid the commonest malignant variants in the 5th to 6th decades of life.Item Macrotia –Acquired as against Congenital: A case report.(Tropical Journal of Health sciences. Published by the College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2009) Segun-Busari, S; Afolabi, O.A; Ibrahim, O.K; Alabi, B.S; Dunmade, A.DWasp belongs to a group of insect that does not intentionally attack human unless threatened1. It is a member of the Hymenoptera order (which also includes bees and ants). Its consists of various proteins and enzymes. It also contains an acetylcholine-like substance, histamine, serotonin and a kinin (peptides which cause slow muscle contractions and lower the arterial blood pressure)1. In most people the wasp sting causes an initial sharp localized pain followed by swelling and itching of the affected part. We present a case of a seventeen year old male student who presented with persistently protruding ear following a wasp sting on the affected left ear ten years duration. On the protruding ear, fine needle aspiration cytology was done but the result was inconclusive. A skin snip revealed only inflammatory cells with no evidence of microfilaria. A wedged incisional biopsy of the hypertrophied pinna was done under local anaesthesia. Biopsy was taken from anterior helix and the post auricular sulci area. The Histology report revealed inflammatory cell with no evidence of malignancy. Acquired Macrotia may be an unusual presentation in wasp sting, information on bites and stings should be incorporated within injury prevention programs in West Africa such as those developed by Farmsafe Australia.Item Management and Outcome of Rhinosinusitis in Nigeria.(Published by American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery., 2017) Afolabi, O.A; Alabi, B.S,; Omokanye, H.K,; Ayodele, S.O,; Segun-Busari, S,; Dunmade, A.D,; Ologe, F.E.Objective.The aim of this study is to present the manage-ment and outcome of treatment of rhinosinusitis in Nigeria.Study Design.A retrospective review of the case notes ofpatients with rhinosinusitis between January 2009 andDecember 2014.Setting.Study at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital,Nigeria, using retrieved case notes after ethical approvalwas received.Subjects and Methods.The information retrieved includedsociodemographic data, clinical presentation, duration, endo-scopic examination, and other clinical management protocolswith follow-up. All information was entered into SPSS version20 and analyzed descriptively, and results are presented intables and figure.Results.A total of 5618 patients were seen in the ear, nose,and throat clinic over the 6-year period. Of the patients,445 had rhinosinusitis, and only 410 had complete data foranalysis. Patient age ranged from 2 to 75 years (mean6SD,31.861.2 years). The male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Theduration of symptoms varied from 3 days to 10 years, with78.7% having symptoms between 3 and 120 months. About82.4% had nasal discharge, 51.3% had sneezing, 78.9% hadalternating nasal obstruction, and 49.3% had nasal itch. Ofthe patients, 61.4% had a predisposition, of which 30.9%were allergic, 23.3% were infective, and 7.2% were vasomo-tor. Ethmoidal-maxillary sinuses were commonly affectedradiologically. About 63% of patients had medical treatment,and only 28.7% had surgical intervention, of which 37%were scheduled for surgical treatment and 7.3% refused.Improved symptoms were noticed in 72.6% of patients, and 1.4% reported no improvement. Conclusion.Rhinosinusitis is still common, affecting activemales economically with more chronic cases and more aller-gic predisposition. Early medical management is still effec-tive, and endoscopic sinus surgery is now a better surgicaloption with better outcome in 72.6% Conclusion. Rhinosinusitis is still common, affecting active males economically with more chronic cases and more allergic predisposition. Early medical management is still effective, and endoscopic sinus surgery is now a better surgical option with better outcome in 72.6%Item Management and Outcome of Rhinosinusitis in Nigeria.(Published by American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery., 2017) Afolabi, O.A; Alabi, B.S,; Omokanye, H.K,; Ayodele, S.O,; Segun-Busari, S,; Dunmade, A.D,; Ologe, F.E.Objective.The aim of this study is to present the manage-ment and outcome of treatment of rhinosinusitis in Nigeria.Study Design.A retrospective review of the case notes ofpatients with rhinosinusitis between January 2009 andDecember 2014.Setting.Study at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital,Nigeria, using retrieved case notes after ethical approvalwas received.Subjects and Methods.The information retrieved includedsociodemographic data, clinical presentation, duration, endo-scopic examination, and other clinical management protocolswith follow-up. All information was entered into SPSS version20 and analyzed descriptively, and results are presented intables and figure.Results.A total of 5618 patients were seen in the ear, nose,and throat clinic over the 6-year period. Of the patients,445 had rhinosinusitis, and only 410 had complete data foranalysis. Patient age ranged from 2 to 75 years (mean6SD,31.861.2 years). The male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Theduration of symptoms varied from 3 days to 10 years, with78.7% having symptoms between 3 and 120 months. About82.4% had nasal discharge, 51.3% had sneezing, 78.9% hadalternating nasal obstruction, and 49.3% had nasal itch. Ofthe patients, 61.4% had a predisposition, of which 30.9%were allergic, 23.3% were infective, and 7.2% were vasomo-tor. Ethmoidal-maxillary sinuses were commonly affectedradiologically. About 63% of patients had medical treatment,and only 28.7% had surgical intervention, of which 37%were scheduled for surgical treatment and 7.3% refused.Improved symptoms were noticed in 72.6% of patients, and 1.4% reported no improvement. Conclusion. Rhinosinusitis is still common, affecting active males economically with more chronic cases and more allergic predisposition. Early medical management is still effective, and endoscopic sinus surgery is now a better surgical option with better outcome in 72.6%.Item Management of Epistaxis: Review article(Published by Vendome Group, Cleveland, OH, 2006) Afolabi, O.A; Ologe, F.EEpistaxis literally means nose bleed and it can be a life threatening emergency. it occur in 10-12% of the general population. Adequate knowledge of first line management is important for every medical practitioner to avoid unnecessary referral to the Otolaryngologist who are sparsely distributed.particularly in the developing countries. Th Management of epistaxis depend on the clinical state of patient at presentation; the simplest method that can control the bleeding is followed but difficult case should promptly be referred to the appropriate specialist to reduce morbidity and mortality from this common emergency.Item Nasal Septal abscess in Ibadan, Nigeria.(Tropical Journal of Health sciences. Published by the College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2009) Afolabi, O.A; Salisu, A; Adeyemo, A.A; Ijaduola, G.T.ANasal septal abscess is a rare entity. If diagnosed and attended to promptly, it can be cured with little or no residual deformity. The aim of the study was to find out the pattern of presentation of nasal septal abscess and complications in our environment. This is a retrospective review of all the patient that presented to the ENT clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan with septal swelling over the twenty years (20years) June 1988-May 2007 period. The data retrieved included biodata, clinical presentation and operative findings and follow up complications. All data entered into the SPSS version 11.0 and results presented in tables and figures. A total number of 26 cases reviewed age range 3-60yrs with mean age of 29.62years and a median age of 20.00years (S.D=20.70). Male: Female ratio was 5.5:1.0. Majority of the patients were students, commonest presentation was nasal obstruction in 38.5% and most patients presented within five days of onset of symptoms (56.9%). Most of the patients had preceding infective causes (53.8%) and few had trauma (38.5%). Examination finding revealed septal swelling, loss of nasal patency and nasal discharge in 53.8%, all patients had incision and drainage under general anaesthesia. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest isolate found and 46.2%% had re-accumulation of the abscess collection. Nasal septal abscess in an uncommon nasal problem and re-accumulation after drainage still remain a major complication.Item Pattern of Ear Diseases among Older People.(Published by Association of surgeon of East Africa and College of Surgeon of East, Central and Southern Africa., 2008) Afolabi, O.A; Ijaduola, G.T.A.Background: The ageing process and the last stage of life is fulfilling for some and disappointing for others there is scarcity of information about the pattern of ear diseases in the older black African people, especially in Nigeria being the largest black African nation. This study aims to highlight the pattern of ear diseases among the older people to provide an objective basis for cost-effective health care planning for the increasing geriatric population in a developing country. Methods: A ten year hospital-based retrospective study at the ENT Department of University College Hospital, Ibadan. All patients aged 65 years or older were enrolled into the study. The biodata, clinical history and examination findings were retrieved. Results: A total of 507 older patients were included in the study. The male to female sex ratio was 1.1:1. Traders accounted for 200 (39.5%) of cases, 167 (32.9%) were pensioners, 100 (19.7%) were farmers and 40 (7.9%) being full-time housewives. The commonest ear disease was impacted cerumen with bilateral less than unilateral hearing loss (Presbycusis) in 93 (18.2%) of the patients. Among cases with infective ear diseases, chronic suppurative otitis media was diagnozed in 33 (6.5%) of which 26 (78.8%) were unilateral and 7 (21.2%) were bilateral. Other conditions included otomycosis in 27 (5.4%), Tinnitus in 58 (11.5%) and foreign body impaction in 2 (0.4%) of the cases Conclusion: Impacted cerumen, hearing loss, and CSOM are the common diseases of the ear in elderly, thus regular Otoscopy should be part of general medical check up. Continuing medical education is recommended for the general practitioners for early recognition and referral.Item Respiratory papillomatosis in Northern Nigeria: A 7-year Review.(Sifa Medical Journal (formerly International Medical Journal of Sifa University). Official Journal of Sifa University, Faculty of Medicine, Turkey,, 2016) Afolabi, O.A; Bature, I. F,; Mainasara, M G,; Labaran, A. S,; Musa, K. A,; Ghazali, B T,; Ahmad, B. M.Background: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign disease of the upper respiratory tract caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), which can occur at any part of the upper aerodigestive tract. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical outcome of RRP in northern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective review of patients with the diagnosis of RRP who presented to the National Ear Care Center over a 7-year period (2005-2011). All the case notes of these patients were retrieved, and information gathered from the clinical records were entered into SPSS statistical software and analyzed descriptively. The results were presented in tables and figures. Results: A retrospective review of 24 patients in the age range of 3-51 years with a mean age of 13.4 years was done. There were 14 males and 10 females. The firstborn male children were more affected than the females. The duration of symptoms before presentation varied within the range of 1-276 months, with an average of 48.3 months. Laryngoscopic examination revealed 15 supraglottic, 3 transglottic, and 6 glottic masses. A clinical diagnosis of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) was made in 20 patients, while adult-onset (AORRP) diagnosis was made in 4 patients. The majority of the patients had direct laryngoscopy and clearance biopsy with tracheostomy (in over 50%). The treatment outcome showed that 18 patients had improved satisfactory postoperative voice, 5 had not improved to their satisfaction, and 1 patient was equivocal. Conclusion: RRP is still a challenge because it has delayed presentation. Juvenile onset is the most commonest. It occurs more among males, first born and treatment still remains DL + biopsy clearance + tracheostomy in our setting.