Browsing by Author "Adeyemi, O.S"
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Item Antioxidant and cytotoxicity of β-Amyrin acetate fraction from Bridellia ferruginea Leaves.(Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. Published by Elsevier, 2012) Fabiyi, O.A; Atolani, O; Adeyemi, O.S; Olatunji, G.AObjective: The objective of this work was to determine the beta-amyrin acetate fraction in leave extract of Bridelia ferruginea and evaluate for its antioxidant and cytotoxicity potentials. Methods: The dried and pulverized leaves of Bridelia ferruginea was extracted with hexane and then with ethyl acetate. The concentrated ethylacetate extract subjected to silica gel column chromatography and eluted with a mixture of equal volume of hexane and dichloromethane afforded two major fractions. The more polar fraction was concentrated and subjected to GCMS analysis which afforded the steroid, 12-Oleanen-3yl acetate commonly known as beta-amyrin acetate (66.14%). Its ability to act as a scavenger of DPPH radical and its cytotoxicity potential based on brine shrimp assay were investigated. Results: The DPPH antioxidant assay revealed that the fraction had a higher antioxidant potential with an IC50 value of 158.2毺g/mL relative to gallic acid which had IC50 of 201.1 毺g/mL. The cytotoxicity assay using the brine shrimp a gave LC 50 values of 319 and 5.86 毺g/mL for acute and lethal doses respectively indicating extreme toxicity when compared to reference drug, cyclophosphamide which had LC50 value of 2506 毺 g/mL. Conclusions: Thus, the beta-amyrin acetate has been identified for the first time in the leave of Bridelia ferruginea. The data here suggest that the beta-amyrin acetate fraction of the leave of Bridelia ferruginea could be further explored in biological profiling requiring antioxidant and cytotoxic dependent therapeutics as the plant could be a viable source of antioxidant and cytotoxic agents in cancer chemotherapy in the near futureItem Aspergillus niger-fermented Jatropha curcas seed cake: Proximate composition and effects on biochemical indices in wistar rats(Biological Letters. Published by De Gruyter publishing Corporation, 2014) Sulaiman, F.A; Ahmed El-Imam, A.M; Adeyemo, A.A; Muhammed, R.B; Sulaiman, A.M; Aliyu, A.O; Adeyemi, O.SThis study evaluated Jatropha curcas seed cake fermented by Aspergillus niger for use as a potential source of protein in animal feed production. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (A–D, of 3 rats each) and fed different protein-rich diets for 4 weeks. Group 1 (control) was fed with soybean as a protein source, while Groups 2, 3, and 4 were given feeds supplemented instead with Aspergillus-fermented J. curcas, unfermented J. curcas, and a mix of Aspergillus-fermented J. curcas and soybean (1:1), respectively. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed, and their serum and vital organs were harvested for further analyses. Proximate analyses of the various diet combinations showed significant (P < 0.05) variations in crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, and ash content. Enzyme assays (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) in rat serum and tissue homogenates indicate that the detoxification of J. curcas kernel cake by A. niger fermentation is viable and promising. Body weight generally did not differ significantly between the groups, but all rats put on weight in week 1 (Group 2 most strongly). The initial weight gain was followed by a slight decreasing trend in all groups in weeks 2–4, probably due to an adaptation mechanism. One rat fed with the unfermented cake (Group 3) died in week 2, confirming that the cake is not safe for direct consumption until it is processed. Our data support further use of Aspergillus-fermented J. curcas as an alternative protein source in animal feed preparation.Item Biochemical and morphological alterations caused by silver nanoparticles in wistar rats(Published by Elsevier. Journal of Acute Medicine, 2015-09-02) Sulaiman, F.A; Adeyemi, O.S; Akanji, M.A; Oloyede, H.O.B; Sulaiman, A.A; Olatunde, A; Hoseni, A.A; Olowolafe, Y.V; Nlebedim, R.N; Muritala, H; Nafiu, M.O; Salawu, M.OObjective: This study evaluated the biochemical effect of the oral administration of silver nanoparticles on some biochemical parameters and tissue morphology. Methods: Wistar rats of both sexes with an average weight of 160 ± 5 g were randomly assigned into four groups. Animals in Group 1 served as the control and received 0.5 mL of distilled water (drug vehicle). Those in Groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered with 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight silver nanoparticles, respectively. The animals were sacrificed under slight anesthesia 24 hours after the last treatment. Results: Silver nanoparticle exposure in rats elevated the level of rat serum total cholesterol, triacylglyceride, free glycerol, low density lipoproteincholesterol, and bilirubin ( p < 0.05) when compared with the control. The level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was depleted by nanoparticle exposure, whereas the atherogenic index rose. The levels of albumin, urea, creatinine, as well as activities of aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were decreased by the nanoparticles, whereas the total protein and alanine transaminase were inconsistently altered relative to the control. Furthermore, the nanoparticle treatment caused morphological lesions in rat cardiac, renal, and hepatic tissues relative to the control. Conclusion: We show evidence that silver nanoparticle potentiated biochemical changes predisposing to liver injury and cardiovascular disorder in rat.Item Chemical characterization, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, anti-toxoplasma gondii and antimicrobial potential of the Citrus sinensis seed oil for sustainable cosmeceutical production.(Heliyon Elsevier, 2020) Atolani, O; Adamu, N; Oguntoye, O.S; Zubair, M.F; Fabiyi, O.A; Oyegoke, R.A; Adeyemi, O.S; Areh, E.T; Tarigha, D.E; Kambizi, L; Olatunji, G.AThere are growing concerns about the chronic and acute effects of synthetic additives such as antibacterial, fragrances, colourants and stabilizing agents used in the production of various household products. Many household products and materials including cosmetic products are reportedly suspected to be carcinogenic with some acting as endocrine disruptors among other effects. Thus, environmental-friendly alternatives such as products that are rich in bioactive phytochemicals are becoming consumers' preferred choice especially in the beauty and cosmetic sector. ‘Green’ preparation of medicinal soaps devoid of any synthetic additives was made from underutilized tropical seed of Citrus sinensis seed oil and some natural additives comprising of natural honey, Ocimum gratissimum leaves extract, Moringa oleifera seed oil and coconut oil. Precisely, the seed oil of the underexplored C. sinensis was obtained via soxhlet extraction and saponified with natural lye solution at different ratios to produce soaps of varying characteristics. The incorporation of honey and Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract provided additional antimicrobial, antioxidant and fragrance properties. Physico-chemical parameters of the oil and soaps were determined following standard procedures while the fatty acid profile of the trans-esterified oil was determined using GC–MS. The antimicrobial potential of the oil and soaps were assessed using agar diffusion method at concentrations 200 mg/mL and below. Linoleic acid (36%) and oleic acid (27%) were the most prominent in C. sinensis seed oil. The soap had antimicrobial potential comparable to commercial product. The soap samples recorded highest anti-bacteria activities (22.0 1.0–23.0 1.0) against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and notable anti-fungi activities (18.0 1.0) against Penicillium notatum and Candida albicans. Additionally, the oil showed moderate anti-parasite (anit-toxoplasma gondii) activity (EC50 500 μg/mL) but with improved selectivity that precludes oxidative stress while the prepared medicinal soaps exhibited remarkable antioxidant property. The utilization of these locally sourced resources will prevent the daily introduction of synthetic antimicrobial and antioxidant chemicals into the environment. The initiative avail a sustainable production of environmentally-benign cosmetic products besides conversion of waste to wealth agrees which aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Item Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-lipooxygenase, antimicrobial, anti-parasite and cytotoxicity of Polyalthia longifolia seed oil.(Medicinal Chemistry Research Springer nature, 2019) Atolani, O; Areh, E.T; Oguntoye, O.S; Zubair, M.F; Fabiyi, O.A; Oyegoke, R.A; Tarigha, D.E; Adamu, N; Adeyemi, O.S; Kambizi, L; Olatunji, G.AThis work investigates the chemical compositions of Polyalthia longifolia Thw. seed oil with the associated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasite and cytotoxicity potentials. The oil of P. longifolia seed obtained by soxhlet extraction was trans-esterified and the fatty acid profile characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays. The anti-bacterial and anti-fungi properties of the oil were determine on clinical isolates of the organisms using agar diffusion method. The anti-inflammatory activities, cytotoxicity and anti-parasite potential were evaluated using lipooxygenase, mammalian cell and Toxoplasma gondii assays respectively. P. longifolia seed was observed to contain oleic (30.31%), linoleic acid (19.27%) and palmitic acid (15.11%) as the major fatty acids with low proportion of tricosylic acid (6.10) and stearic acid (5.56%). The oil had significant anti-lipooxygenase activity (IC50 = 0.70 ± 0.02 µg/mL) comparable to indomethacin (IC50 = 0.53 ± 0.07 µg/mL). The DPPH (IC50 = 55.91 ± 31.18 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 16.89 ± 15.50 µg/mL) antioxidant activity of the oil was lower to the ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.34 ± 0.04 and 0.54 ± 0.04 µg/mL). The oil also showed activities against all the tested bacteria and fungi. The highest inhibition was recorded against S. aureus (17 ± 1 mm) at concentration 200 mg/mL. Further, the oils showed strong potential to restrict growth of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro, but the parasite growth inhibition was mildly abated in the presence of α- tocopherol. The seed oil of the underutilized P. longifolia possesses essential fatty acids which could be responsible for the numerous biological potentials which include anti-lipooxygenase, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasite, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The incorporation of the natural oil into pharmaceuticals or cosmetics may enhance antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity potential of such products.Item Co-administration of iron sulphate and nitroglycerin promoted oxidative stress and mild tissue damage in Wistar rats(Comparative Clinical Pathology (Springer-Verlag London, UK), 2014) Adeyemi, O.S; Sulaiman, F.AThere is no clear-cut understanding yet of the effect of a sustained production of nitric oxide (NO) either through endogenous or exogenous source on the iron (Fe) metabolism in living cells. Albeit, there are evidences linking decreased NO production to increased iron levels. A high level of free iron in living cells, predispose such systems to oxidative damage through the promotion of free hydroxyl radical generation. On the other hand, a continuous and sustained high level of NO could contribute to cellular damage arising from the debilitating effect of peroxynitrite, a very reactive free radical formed between free NO and superoxide anion. This study investigated the biochemical influence of individual or co-administration of two drugs; nitroglycerin (NGC) and ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) in rats. Data revealed elevated levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase as well as high malondialdehyde concentrations. Consequently, the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase were raised. The histopathological presentations show the presence of gradual and subtle cellular damage. We present evidence that individual or co-administration of FeSO4 or NGC promoted the generation of free radical species which might have caused the tissue damage observed.Item Cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos raises serum urea level and causes abnormal sperm morphology in Wistar rats(Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 2019) Iyiola, Oluyinka Ajobola; Sulaiman, A.F; Sulaiman, Abdulfattah Afolabi; Anifowoshe, Abass Toba; Akolade, Jubril Olayinka; Adisa, Muhammad Jamiu; Otohinoyi, D.A; Rotimi, Damilare E.; Batiha, Gaber El-Saber; Maimako, Rotdelmwa Filibus; Adeyemi, O.SChlorpyrifos (organophosphate) and cypermethrin (pyrethroid) are insecticides, which are widely used for agricultural as well as for domestic purposes. This study investigated the toxicological effect of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin on selected organs and tissues of male Wistar rats. Nine (9) male Wistar rats were randomly grouped into three and were orally given chlorpyrifos or cypermethrin, while the control group was given distilled water for 28 days. The results revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in rat serum AST activity for the chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin groups. Also, there was significant elevation in serum urea following oral exposure to either chlorpyrifos or cypermethrin. Conversely, a reduction in the rat liver ALP activity for treatment with cypermethrin or chlorpyrifos was recorded. The histology results revealed that the administration of chlorpyrifos but not cypermethrin for 28 days has no significant effect on the biochemical properties and sperm morphology of the rats. Taken together, findings indicate that cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos exposure in rats predisposes to renal injury, while altering sperm morphology.Item Modulation of rat serum lipid profile and nephrotic indices following oral exposure to the extracts of chilli pepper(EurAsian Journal of BioSciences Eurasia J Biosci, 2019) Sulaiman, F.A; Yusuf, B.O; Omar, S.A; Muritala, H.T; Adisa, M.J; Olopade, A.A; Babajamu, F.I; Jimba, A.T; Babatunde, A.L; Adeniyi, B.A; Opaleye, B.R; Maimako, R.F; Otohinoyi, D.A; Bello, O.K; Rotimi, D; Olaolu, T.D; Nwonuma, C.O; Alejolowo, O.O; Batiha, G.E; osemwegie, O.O; Adeyemi, O.SBackground: The increasing application of plants for medicinal purposes necessitates safety/toxicity profiling. Objective: In the present study, we evaluated the toxicological effects of the ethanolic extracts of the leaves (CAL), root (CAR) and stem (CAS) of Capsicum annuum in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned groups and given oral administration of the extracts or distilled water for 28 days. Results: Data showed that administration of ethanolic extracts of CAL, CAR and CAS did alter the liver function indices but not in a clear-cut manner to suggest hepatotoxicity. The CAR and CAS extracts decreased (p<0.05) the rat serum albumin levels compared with the control. In contrast, CAL extracts raised (p<0.05) the rat serum albumin level relative to the control. The plant extract administration raised rat serum bilirubin level compared with the control. Further, the extracts caused reduction (p<0.05) in rat serum TAG levels compared with the control. The CAL, CAR and CAS extracts did not significantly affect the rat serum creatinine level, but caused significant elevation of rat serum urea compared with the control. Conclusion: Taken together, findings do not only support the cardio-protective potential of C. annuum extracts, but implicate the nephrotoxic tendency of the plant extracts.