Browsing by Author "Adeniyi, A. G."
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Item Barrier property enhancement of starch citrate bioplastic film by an ammonium-thiourea complex modification(Journal of Saudi Chemical Society (Elsevier), 2019-02-01) Saliu, O. D.; Olatunji, G. A.; Olosho, A. I.; Adeniyi, A. G.; Azeh, Y.; Samo, F. T.; Adebayo, D. O.; Ajetumobi, O. O.Although citric acid modification of starch biopolymers gives a more thermodynamically stable starch citrate, the barrier properties of the product is relatively poor. This paper reports a novel modification process which significantly improved the barrier properties of starch citrate by treating it with a complex formed from ammonium acetate and thiourea in the presence of a polysorbate catalyst. The barrier characteristics which were investigated include percentage moisture absorption, percentage reflectance, and water vapour release study. FTIR, SEM and TGA were employed to characterize the starch citrate biofilms before and after ammonium-thiourea complex modifications.Item Computer aided modelling of low density polyethylene pyrolysis to produce synthetic fuels(Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 2018-10-01) Adeniyi, A. G.; Eletta, O. A. A; Ighalo, Joshua O.The pyrolysis of waste low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is an excellent method of converting waste materials into useful products. Aspen HYSYS 2006 was used to develop a computational steady-state model to simulate the pyrolysis of LDPE. The Peng-Robinson fluid package was used for the simulation. A continuous stirred tank reactor with an Arrhenius kinetic expression was used to predict reaction extent and product yield. At a pyrolysis temperature of 4500C and atmospheric pressure, 92.88% liquid yield was obtained. From the given feedstock, the char obtained was composed of only elemental carbon. The synthesis gas was composed mainly Hydrogen and C1-C4 hydrocarbons with traces of n-C5 and n-C6. The Pyrolysis oil was composed of higher hydrocarbon fractions (C8-C24). The conversion-temperature relationships from the simulation are in good agreement with experimental results. This proved that pyrolysis of waste LDPE can give an excellent yield of liquid product and is a viable recycling technique.Item Computer aided simulation of the pyrolysis of waste lubricating oil using Aspen Hysys.(Journal of Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, 2018-02-01) Adeniyi, A. G.; Adewoye, L. T; Ighalo, Joshua O.The pyrolysis of waste lubricating oil is an exciting technique of converting waste materials into useful products by thermal decomposition at elevated temperature under inert conditions. Aspen HYSYS 2006 was used to develop a computational steady-state model to simulate the pyrolysis of waste lubricating oil and analyze its performance. The Peng-Robinson fluid package was used for the simulation. The pyrolysis reaction was modeled by a combination of the yield-shift reactor and the Gibbs reactor. At a pyrolysis temperature of 3500C and atmospheric pressure, 77.92% liquid yield was obtained. The product composition and chemical properties of the pyrolysis oil were also predicted by the simulation and are in good agreement with experimental results. This has proved that pyrolysis of Waste lubricating oil can give a very good yield of liquid product and is a viable recycling technique.Item Development of Particleboard from Waste Styrofoam and Sawdust(NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, 2017-06-01) Abdulkareem, S. A.; Raji, S. A.; Adeniyi, A. G.The use of Plastic Based Resin (PBR) synthesised from waste Styrofoam as binder in the production of particleboard was the focus of this investigation. This study explored the properties of particleboard produced from sawdust wastes and PBR resin synthesized from waste Styrofoam. Three particleboard panels namely C1, C2 and C3 were prepared with 20%, 30%, and 40%, (v/v), respectively. PBR was synthesised via solvolysis of waste Styrofoam in a chosen solvent, and properly mixed with sawdust by simple mechanical stirring, using hand lay-up process in cold pressing to obtain the desired shapes. ASTM D-1037 standard was used to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of the manufactured particleboards. Density, moisture content (MC), water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), and mechanical properties i.e. modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of C2 and C3 were better than that of C1 particleboard and met the LD-1 requirement of ANSI A208.1. PBR from Styrofoam waste is confirmed as a good substitute for Urea or formaldehyde based resin presently used industrially. The properties of C2 and C3 synthesised are in tandem with the requirements of the ANSI A208.1 standards.Item FACTORIAL DESIGN BASED OPTIMISATION OF CREVICE CORROSION FOR TYPE 304 STAINLESS STEEL IN CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS(ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE (De Gruyter), 2016-06-01) OGUNLEYE, O. O.; Adeniyi, A. G.; Durowoju, M. O.The effects of chloride concentration, creviced scaling factor and immersion time on the percentage area and maximum depth of attack for Type 304 stainless steel (SS304) in chloride solutions were investigated. The crevice assembly comprised of coupon (SS-304), polytetrafluoroethylene (crevice former) and fasteners (titanium bolt, nut and washers). The full immersion tests were based on ASTM G-78 using full factorial design to study the effects of chloride concentration (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 w/w%), crevice scaling factor (8, 16 and 24) and immersion time ( 15, 30 and 45 days) on the percentage area of attack (Y1) and maximum depth of attack (Y2) of SS-304. Data obtained was used to develop and optimize the models of Y1 and Y2 in terms of the three factors using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The R2 of Y1 and Y2 were 0.98 and 0.91, respectively. The minimum Y1 (5.63%) and Y2 (3.32x10-7 mm) were obtained at 4.5% chloride concentration, 20 scaling factor and 15 days immersion time. The predicted optimal conditions agreed with the experimental results for validation with a maximum absolute relative error of 5.75%.Item Modelling and simulation of banana (Musa spp.) waste pyrolysis for bio-oil production(Biofuels (Taylor & Francis), 2018-11-07) Adeniyi, A. G.; Ighalo, Joshua O.; Amosa, M. K.Banana (Musa Spp.) is a widely cultivated fruit in tropical West Africa and it generates a lot of waste due to its single fruit production per lifecycle and relatively large plant size. The recovery of energy from biomass is achievable through different thermochemical process among which pyrolysis is a key technique. In this study, ASPEN Plus v8.8 was used to develop a steady state simulation model for the predicting of pyrolysis product yields for different banana (Musa Spp.) wastes. The results obtained revealed bio-oil yields of 26.7%, 39.9% and 35% from the pseudo-stem, peel and leaves respectively. The pseudo-stem gave the highest char yield while gas yields were similar for all samples pyrolysed. The results showed that the peel will give more oil yield than the other banana wastes. Consequently, all banana (Musa Spp.) wastes has been shown to be inherently more suitable for char optimised production processes due to their compositional characteristics.Item Modelling stochastic response of type 304 stainless steel (SS-304) crevice corrosion in chloride environments(Indian Chemical Engineer (Taylor & Francis), 2018-11-26) Adeniyi, A. G.; Ogunleye, O. O.; Durowoju, M. O.; Odeyemi, S. O.The stochastic corrosion response of creviced SS-304 in chloride environment was studied. The crevice assembly used for this study comprised coupon (SS-304), polytetrafluoroethylene (crevice former) and fasteners (titanium bolt, nut and washers) designed in three configurations with crevice scaling factor of 8, 16 and 24, respectively. An immersion test was carried out on each configuration having 40 crevice sites and immersed in various chloride solution concentrations of 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 w/w % simulating environmental conditions A, B and C, respectively, for 60 days to study the stochastic nature of the initiation and propagation of cc in chloride environments according to ASTM G-78. Data obtained were used to develop a Monte Carlo’s model of the crevice corrosion pattern which confirmed the stochastic nature of the crevice corrosion. The probability of attack of SS-304 within 30 days was 0.150, 0.300 and 0.425 for A, B and C, respectively, while the extreme value of the propagated depth of attack was predicted from the stochastic models developed. The developed model is a useful tool for predicting the maximum depth of attack possible under uncertain crevice corrosion of SS-304 in chloride environment.Item OPTIMIZATION OF NICKEL (II) AND CHROMIUM (III) REMOVAL FROM CONTAMINATED WATER USING SORGHUM BICOLOR(Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 2017-07-01) Adewoye, L. T.; Mustapha, S. I.; Adeniyi, A. G.; Tijani, J. O.; Amoloye, M. A.; Ayinde, L. J.A central composite design (CCD) under the response surface methodology (RSM)was used to study the effect of three adsorption variables (pH, initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage) in order to determine the optimum process conditions for the adsorptions of Ni (II) and Cr (III) onto sulphuric acid modified sorghum bicolor activated carbon (SBAC).This study yielded removal efficiency of 98.89 % for Ni (II) and 94.27 % for Cr (III) ion under optimal conditions of pH (8), initial metal ion concentration (25 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (10 mg) and pH (7), initial metal ion concentration (5 mg/L), dosage (15 mg);respectively. Statistical analysis of variance results showed a good correlation existed between the experimental and predicted data with R2 values of 0.99 for Ni and 0.98 for Cr. The equilibrium data for Ni (II) adsorption was best described using Freundlich model while Langmuir model best fit Cr (III) adsorption. The mechanism of adsorption for both Ni and Cr adsorptions on SBAC followed Pseudo second order kinetic model.Item Preparation and evaluation of electrical properties of plastic composites developed from recycled polystyrene and local clay(NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, 2018-03-24) Abdulkareem, S. A.; Adeniyi, A. G.In this study, the development of polymer composites was achieved from local clay material and waste polystyrene by cold pressing method, the preparation, electrical, and physical behaviours of clay-polystyrene composites are described. Polystyrene based resin (PBR) was produced from waste polystyrene by solvolysis in petroleum solvent and mixed with the 100μm clay particles at 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% clay contents. Composite panels were prepared and tested for Physical and electrical properties. Metallurgical microscope was used for the microstructural studies. It was found that with the increase in clay content in PBR from 0 to 40%, there was a rise in density of the composite by about 11% with a simultaneous decrease in the void fraction or porosity from 5.3 % to 1.5%. It was also observed that the polymer composite with the filler loading of 40 wt% has the highest conductivity value of 1.88E-07 S/cm. The comparison of micrographs at 40x and 100x indicated a good dispersion and distribution of clay particles in the polystyrene matrix. The polymer composites produced can be adapted for applications where electrostatic dissipative materials are required.Item Process Integration and Feedstock Optimisation of a Two-Step Biodiesel Production Process from Jatropha Curcas Using Aspen Plus(Chemical Product and Process Modeling (De Gruyter), 2018-11-12) Adeniyi, A. G.; Ighalo, Joshua O.; ELETTA, O. A. A.Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) has been recognized as a viable non-edible feedstock for biodiesel production with the focus of achieving lesser reliance on fossil fuels. The aim of this work is to integrate and simulate the production of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil by a two-step process; a hydrolysis step and a trans-esterification step. The challenge is then to optimise the feedstock ratios to obtain the minimal water and methanol consumption to give optimal biodiesel yield. For this purpose, steady-state simulation model of a two-step production process of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil was prepared using ASPEN Plus V8.8. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD) was used to design optimisation experiments for the research work. From the ANOVA, methanol/oil ratio of the trans-esterification step was found to have a significant effect on the biodiesel yield compared to the water/oil ratio of the hydrolysis step. The linear model developed was shown to be a good predictor of feedstock ratios for biodiesel yield. The surface plot revealed that both feedstock ratios do not show a significant combinatorial effect on each other. Numerical optimisation gave the optimum values of the feedstock ratios as a methanol/oil ratio of 2.667 and a water/oil ratio of 1. The optimisation results also indicated a predicted optimum biodiesel yield of 10.0938 kg/hr.Item Process Optimisation and characterization of fragrance suited mechanically expressed Nigerian Lime seed oil(Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 2018-04-01) Adeniyi, A. G.; Adewoye, L. T; ELETTA, O. A. A.; Ogunleye, O. O.; Olukotun, KThis study determined the optimal process parameters for the extraction of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Seed Oil (LSO) for fragrance production. A Box Behnken Design (BBD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to design the LSO extraction using hydraulic press. The effect of various combinations of temperature, heating time and pressing time on oil yield, specific gravity, acid value, saponification value, FFA, Iodine and peroxide values were investigated. The oil produced was analysed using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS). The R2 -values of models ranged between 0.998 and 0.999 and adjusted R2 between 0.994 and 0.998. A maximum of 29.21 % of LSO yield was obtained with specific gravity (0.861), acid value (2.86 mg KOH/g); saponification value (185.3 mg KOH/g), FFA (≤ 1.43 %), Iodine value (107.8 g I2/100 g) and peroxide value (15meq/kg) at the optimal process parameters of 83oC, 8 min and 7 min temperature heating and pressing time respectively. The physico-chemical analysis of the lime seed oil indicated that the oil could be used for fragrance.Item PRODUCTION OF PARTICLEBOARDS USING POLYSTYRENE AND BAMBOO WASTES(Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 2017-07-01) Abdulkareem, S. A.; Adeniyi, A. G.This investigation was able to produce incredibly strong particleboards using bamboo and resinous material obtained from Polystyrene wastes. The particleboards were prepared by mixing the bamboo fibres and Polystyrene based resin (PBR) followed by flat press process at different ratio (v/v). Physical properties were measured, with reference to normal and oven curing methods, according to the ASTM D-1037 standard. Thickness Swelling (TS) of the samples were measured after 2 and 24 hours of immersion in water at 25oC temperature. It was found that the physical properties of particleboards with 20%, 30% and 40% PBR content were all in agreement with low density particleboard classification of American National Standards Institute (ANSI). TS increased as the PBR content decreased in the matrix. Obtained properties convincingly indicate superior bonding ability of the synthesised resinous polystyrene over known industrial adhesives typically used for particleboard production.Item Recycling Copper and Polystyrene from Solid Waste Stream in Developing Conductive Composites(The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, 2019-02-01) Abdulkareem, S. A.; Adeniyi, A. G.Combining Polystyrene and copper waste in the production of conductive composite is of combined economic and environmental sustainability interest. In the present work, conductive composites of micro copper particle and a solvated polystyrene resin were prepared. The graded copper particles were thoroughly mixed with the solvated polystyrene resin by simple mechanical stirring, using hand lay-up process and cold pressing into the desired shapes. The conductive composites were prepared with varying content of copper and the electrical conductivity of the resulting composites was determined using a four point probe method. The composites were further characterised using laboratory-made density setup and metallurgical microscopy. A conductivity of 4.57 × 10-8 S cm-1 was achieved with 10 wt% loading of copper and a maximum conductivity of 2.53 × 10-7 S cm-1 was achieved with 40 wt% of copper content. The density and microscopy results showed that the composites have increasing conductive network as the composition of copper increased in the solvated polystyrene matrix. The obtained results for the conductive composites prepared indicated a high potential for their successful use in electrical and electromagnetic applications.Item Study of Process Factor Effects and Interactions in Synthesis Gas Production via a Simulated Model for Glycerol Steam Reforming(Chemical Product and Process Modeling (De Gruyter), 2018-09-01) Adeniyi, A. G.; Ighalo, Joshua O.With the continual global focus in biodiesel production, a glut of glycerol (it’s by-product) is expected in the world market. One viable and proven possibility in utilising the less useful and desired glycerol as a source for the production of hydrogen via the steam reforming and water gas shift process. This study is essentially and in-depth investigation of the interaction of the key process factors and their effect on the selectivity of Hydrogen from the process. The basis of the investigation was a simulated model of the steam reforming process using ASPEN plus V8.8. Results were obtained according to the optimisation plan developed using central composite design (CCD). The variables (and range) were temperature (700 0c – 1100 0c), Pressure (0.1 atm – 1.9 atm) and steam to glycerol ratio (1 mol/mol – 12 mol/mol). The results of optimisation showed that maximum yield of H2 and minimal methanation can be obtained at a temperature of 900 0c, an STGR of 15.75 mol/mol and at atmospheric pressure. The optimum result was predicted by the simulation as H2 = 66.72 %, CO = 11.76 %, CO2 = 21.52 % and CH4 = 0 %. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to show that Hydrogen production is favoured at higher temperatures and methanation at lower temperatures respectively. A critical investigation of the factor effects and interactions for each product in the synthesis gas (dry basis) was also carried out using response surface methodology.Item Synthesis and Structural analysis of aluminium-filled polystyrene composites from recycled wastes(Journal of Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, 2018-05-01) Abdulkareem, S. A.; Amosa, M. K; Adeniyi, A. G.In this study, the effects of powdered Aluminium (Al) as reinforcing fillers for polystyrene-based resin (PBR) matrix has been evaluated based on the analysis of mechanical and structural properties. Samples were prepared by hand lay-out technique enhanced with the usage of single roller. The PBR was reinforced by Aluminium powders (μm) at selected weight fractions of (0, 5, 10, and 15 %) and investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) physical and mechanical testing. The study of mechanical properties includes: elongation at break, time to failure and young modulus. The XRD studies confirmed no chemical reaction but rather the introduction of crystalline structure in the polystyrene matrix based on the amount of aluminium content and the even distribution of aluminium powder in the matrix. The tensile strength increased with increasing filler content; however elongation at break and time to break showed decrement as the weight fraction of aluminium powder is increased in the composites. The mechanical and XRD analysis demonstrated that the presence of aluminium micro particles in PBR matrix enhances structural properties of the composites.Item Tensile and water absorbing properties of natural fibre reinforced plastic composites from waste polystyrene and rice husk(ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD), 2018-09-06) Abdulkareem, S. A.; Adeniyi, A. G.This paper presents a study on the development of Natural fibre reinforced plastic composite from the waste polystyrene and rice husk, a new class of composites consisting of polystyrene based resin reinforced with rice husk fibre. Four different sets of polystyrene/rice husk composites were fabricated with addition of 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt% of rice husk particulates. Tensile and water absorbing properties of these composites were evaluated as per ASTM standard. Tests for water absorption were performed by immersing the samples in a bath of distilled water at room temperature and water uptake was measured gravimetrically along the process. It was observed that young modulus, force at peak, percentage water absorbed and diffusion coefficient of the composite increased while elongation at peak force decreased with addition of rice husk in the PBR matrix. The highest values of young modulus, force at peak, diffusion coefficients and elongation at peak force at 40 % rice husk content are: 365 N/mm2, 562 N, 1.77E-04 mm2/s and 0.76 % respectively. The recycled rice husk in combination with the PBR has produced plastic composite with moderate tensile and water absorbing properties applicable in various application.