Browsing by Author "Adana, M. Y."
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Item Altered expression of testicular SCF and c-kit genes in antiretroviral therapy-induced semen alterations and subfertility(Taylor & Francis Group, 2019) Adana, M. Y.; Akang, E. N.; Eche, S.; Ugochukwu, O.; Azu, O. O.Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been implicated in testicular toxicity observed in HIV patients. Optimal spermatogenesis has been shown to be dependent on the expression of Stem cell factor (SCF) and c-KIT genes. They are known to be crucial for germ cell development and fertility. The study investigated the effects of ART and Naringenin on the expression of SCF and c-KIT genes in the testes of Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Thirty male rats weighing 200--220g, were randomly assigned into 6 treatment groups- DW: Distilled water, H: HAART, N40: Naringenin, 40 mg/kg, N80: Naringenin, 80 mg/kg, HN40: HAART+Naringenin, 40 mg/kg and HN80: HAART+Naringenin, 80 mg/kg. Treatment lasted for a period of 10 weeks. Copulation with adult non-mated females was allowed to take place. The number of pregnancies and pubs were noted. Rats were sacrificed, testes were harvested and semen were analysed. Expressions of SCF and c-kit genes were done via real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction. The Animal Research Ethical Committee, UKZN, South Africa approved this research with a reference number AREC/046/016D. Results: There was a significantly lower count in group H compared to DW and N40. There were significantly lower progressive sperms in group H when compared to DW, N40, N80, HN40 and HN80. The fertility index was higher in the DW than in the H and N40 groups. The number of pubs per group were also higher. The animals in groups H, HN40 and HN80 displayed altered expression of SCF/c-KIT genes when compared to controls. Conclusion: The study suggests that ART may alter the expression of SCF and c-KIT genes in the testes thereby causing deleterious effects on testicular function. Naringenin, a bioflavonoid may be a useful adjuvant therapy in protecting against testicular toxicity.Item ) Body donation trends at the Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal over a three-decade period (1988–2017): Implications for medical education(Taylor & Francis Group, 2019) Adana, M. Y.; Naidu, E. C. S.; Azu, O. O.Dissection and prosection remain the gold standards for the teaching of anatomy to pre-clinical medical students around the world. This has made the practice of whole body donation the cornerstone of medical programmes. This study aims to determine the trends in body donation among South Africans and predict the best possible and realistic approach for the teaching of anatomy in the near future. Data from 696 cadavers donated during a three-decade period (1988–2017) were obtained from the files of the Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, University of KwaZulu-Natal South Africa. Data were analysed as percentages, mean ± standard deviation using Statistical package for social sciences version 24. Most bodies were donated in the first decade of this study (1988–1997). Family bequests through funeral services accounted for the majority of donations. Bodies were predominantly in the seventh decade of life (18.8%) and a larger proportion were males (61.6%). Bequests were found to be more among the whites (57.5%) than all the other races. The causes of death in donors were from a wide range of conditions. The study revealed that the trend in the practice of body donation in South Africa has been erratic, which makes it difficult to predict the number of bodies available for medical education. Alternative approaches to anatomy education such as plastination techniques and computational models need to be sought to ensure sound and uninterrupted medical programmes in South African schoolsItem Comparative Analysis of the Protective Potentials of Nigella sativa and Lepidium meyenii on Alcohol-induced Testicular Toxicity in Adolescent Wistar Rats(The Anatomical Society of Nigeria, 2024) Adana, M. Y.; Towoju, A. M.; Alade, O. E.; Oluwasegun, B. O.; Adewale, D. A.; Onigbolabi, O. G.; Ajao, M. S.Alcohol, a psychoactive drug, is soluble in both water and lipids, due to which it can diffuse to all tissues and affect the normal functioning of the body. Gonadal toxicity is reported as one of the side effects of its long-term consumption. This study examined the possible comparable protective potentials of Lepidium meyenii (LM) and Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on the biological integrities of the testes after exposure to excessive alcohol. Thirty-six adolescent Wistar rats (60– 150 g) were randomly divided into six groups and treated orally for 56 consecutive days. Group treatments included normal saline for the control group, 40% alcohol, LM, NSO, LM+alcohol, and NSO+alcohol. On the 57th day, samples were collected to assess reproductive hormones, sperm analysis, testicular histology and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. The results revealed that excessive alcohol consumption affected the structural integrities of the testes by depleting the mature sperm cell population and actively dividing PCNA immune-reactive cells. The treatment with Lepidium meyenii does not show any significant protective effects on alcohol-induced structural distortion of rats’ testes. However, NSO promises to be effective in protecting against alcohol-induced changes.Item Dichlorvos induced oxidative and neuronal responses in rats: mitigative efficacy of Nigella sativa (black cumin)(Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2018) Adana, M. Y.; Imam, A.; Ogunniyi, A.; Ibrahim, A.; Abdulmajeed, W. I.; Oyewole, L. A.; Lawan, A. H.; Sulaimon, F. A.; Ajao, M. S.Poisoning from Organophosphates (OPs), especially Dichlorvos (DDVP) has become endemic due to the increasing use in house hold and agricultural pests control, with most marked effects in the nervous system. However, it is evidenced that natural antioxidants are efficacious against OPs toxicity. Thus, this study investigated the possible antidotal efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in Dichlovos (DDVP) induced oxidative and neuronal damages in Wistar rats. DDVP was administered at sub-chronic daily dosage of 8.8 mg/kg.bw for 7 days and a post-administration of NSO at 1 ml/kg.bw for the subsequent 7 days. The rats were euthanized on the 15thday, blood sample collected via cardiac puncture, centrifuged and the plasma used for biochemical analysis of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total reactive oxygen species (ROS), while the frontal, occipital and cerebellar cortices and the medulla were removed for histomorphological examinations. The results showed significant (P≤0.05) decrease in plasma TAC and GSH, while a significant (P≤0.05) increase in ROS was recorded, and some vacuolation around the neurons especially in the frontal and cerebellar cortices following DDVP exposure. However, post treatment with NSO was observed to be efficacious in the recovery of the oxidative activities and the neuro-architectural integrities. Thus, it can be concluded that the antioxidant capacity of NSO could be efficacious against OPs induced oxidative damages, especially in dichlorvos accidents.Item Effect of long-term administration of Cinnamomum cassia silver nanoparticles on organs (kidneys and liver) of Sprague Dawley rats(Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, 2018) Adana, M. Y.; Kouame, K.; Peter, A. I.; Akang, E. N.; Moodley, R.; Naidu, E. C. S.; Azu, O. O.This study investigated the toxic effects of silver on the kidneys and livers of Sprague-Dawley rats after administering multiple doses of silver nanoparticles synthesized using extracts of Cinnamomum cassia (CcAgNPs). Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats (250 ± 20 g) were randomly assigned to four groups (A–D) of six animals per group and treated for 8 weeks. Group A was administered 200 mg/kg of Cinnamon Cassia extract (Cc), group B 5 mg/kg of CcAgNPs, group C 10 mg/kg of CcAgNPs, and group D normal saline. Body weight was measured weekly and fasting blood glucose was measured fortnightly. At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized and organs (livers and kidneys) were fixed in neutral buffered formalin and processed for light microscopy (H&E). Body weight differences were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the low-dose Cc group and the kidney to body weight ratio was not significant. Renal function analysis of proteins and ketones showed a significant increase in CcAgNP-treated rats (P < 0.05). Kidney and liver histology showed distortions in hepatocytes and sinusoidal linings with infiltrations especially in the higher dose groups. Kidney histology mirrored degenerative changes in glomerular and Bowman’s capsules with fibrillary mesangial interstitium. CcAgNPs impairs renal and hepatic morphology and function after a long period of administration.Item Fertility-enhancing herbs and their mechanism of action(2025) Adana, M. Y.Objectives: Fertility treatment in low-resource settings has employed phytochemicals, particularly for males with abnormal semen parameters. This is particularly so because of the high cost of assisted reproductive techniques. Herbs are considered safe, effective, cheap, and easily accessible when compared to the other methods. These herbs have different mechanisms of action depending on the activity of the phytonutrient. The study aims to carry out an updated analysis of the leading fertility-enhancing herbs in the low-resource settings of Africa and point out important gaps that may enhance their optimal and practical use. Methods: A number of basic research work and clinical trials conducted within the last two decades were collated and reviewed. Studies employing phytonutrients to enhance male fertility were carefully selected. Results/Conclusions: Over twenty herbs were identified, and about eight pathways have been discovered for managing infertility using traditional African herbs. While many herbs utilize a combination of pathways, some rely on a single path in their mechanism of action. This thorough analysis of the potential of male fertility-enhancing herbs in low-resource settings provides a robust foundation for further research and practical application.Item Hippocampal-dependent spatial memory and histoarchitectural integrities of the CA regions of Wistar rats following administration of Rauwolfia vomitoria and chlorpromazine(Neuroscience Society of Nigeria, 2015) Adana, M. Y.; Imam, A.; Ajibola, M. I.; Abdulmumin, I.; Amin, A. B.; Ibrahim, A.; Olawepo, A.; Imam, A. W.Psychotic patients demonstrate poor spatial memory, ascribed to impaired hippocampal functions, and bodies of evidences have attributed cognitive impairments to the poor functional outcomes in psychosis management. The efficacy of chlorpromazine and Rauwolfia vomitoria on spatial memory performance and differential histoarchitecture of the hippocampi of adult Wistar rats was examined in this study. Twenty five adult male Wistar rats weighing between 200 - 230 g were randomly grouped to five (Nor mal, low and high dose chlorpromazine and low and high dose R. vomitoria) of five animals each. 2 ml of normal saline was given to Control animals daily, 5mg/kg of chlorpromazine was given as low dose, 10 mg/kg of chlorpromazine was given as moderate dose, 150 mg/kg of R. vomitoria was given as low dose and 300 mg/kg of R. vomitoria was given as high dose orally. All the medications were given daily for 21 days. A Y-maze apparatus was used to assess the spatial memory performance in the rats at days 14 and 21 of the experiment. All the animals were euthanized using 20 mg/kg of intramuscular ketamine, cardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde, the brains and the hippocampus removed for histological analysis. Results from this study show that Rauwolfia at 150 and 300 mg/kg improved the correct decision (right triplet alternation) and reduced wrong decision (wrong triplet alternation) in the treated rats at days 14 and 21 respectively with an unaltered hippocampal histoarchitecture. While chlorpromazine at 5 and 10 mg/kg induced an increased wrong decision (wrong triplet alternation) and reduced correct decision (right triplet alternation) across treatment periods and caused an apparent dis tortion in the hippocampus. In conclusion, R. vomitoria could be a better alternative agent with more therapeutic potential in the treatment of psychosis and could possibly remediate cognitive impairments in psychosis.Item Histopathological and biochemical evaluation of the antidotal efficacy of Nigella sativa oil on organophosphate-induced hepatotoxicity(College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, 2017) Adana, M. Y.; Ajao, M. S.; Abdussalam, W. A.; Imam, A.; Amin, A. B.; Ibrahim, A.; Sulaimon, F. A.; Atata, J. A.Objective: The study was designed to investigate the effects of continuous exposure of dichlorvos (DDVP) on hepatic function and hepatic histomorphology, with the possible antidotal efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO). Methods: Twenty four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, with each group comprising of six rats. The groups were labelled as Sunflower oil (SFO), DDVP, DDVP+NSO and NSO. After 14 days of treatments, blood samples were collected, centrifuged and levels of ALP (Alkaline phosphatase), ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) and GGT (γ-glutamyl-transferase) concentrations were estimated in the serum. The livers were removed and prepared for histopathological examinations and evaluation. Results: The findings of the study shows significant increase in the serum concentration of ALT, ALP, AST and GGT with a marked distortion in the hepatic architecture in rats administered with DDVP. However, Nigella sativa oil (NSO) was observed to ameliorate the levels of impairment in the assessed hepatic function parameters and relatively restoration in the hepatic architecture in DDVP+NSO treated animals when compared to the control and group administered with DDVP only. Conclusion: The study concludes that impaired liver functions and histomorphological tissue distortions observed in the experimental rats following DDVP exposure were ameliorated following the administration of NSO.Item Inhibition of neuroinflammation and neuronal damage by the selective non-steroidal ERβ agonist AC-186.(2024) Adana, M. Y.; Katola, F. O.; Olajide, O. A.Background: AC-186 (4-[4-4-Difuoro-1-(2-fuorophenyl) cyclohexyl] phenol) is a neuroprotective non-steroidal selective oestrogen receptor modulator. This study investigated whether inhibition of neuroinfammation contributed to neuroprotec tive activity of this compound. Methods: BV-2 microglia were treated with AC-186 (0.65–5 μM) prior to stimulation with LPS (100 ng/mL). Levels of pro-infammatory mediators and proteins were then evaluated. Results: Treatment of LPS-activated BV-2 microglia with AC-186 resulted in signifcant (p<0.05) reduction in TNFα, IL-6, NO, PGE2, iNOS and COX-2. Further investigations showed that AC-186 decreased LPS-induced elevated levels of phospho-p65, phospho-IκBα and acetyl-p65 proteins, while blocking DNA binding and luciferase activity of NF-κB. AC-186 induced signifcant (p<0.05) increase in protein expression of ERβ, while enhancing ERE luciferase activity in BV-2 cells. Efects of the compound on oestrogen signalling in the microglia was confrmed in knockdown experiments which revealed a loss of anti-infammatory activity following transfection with ERβ siRNA. In vitro neuroprotective activity of AC-186 was demonstrated by inhibition of activated microglia-mediated damage to HT-22 neurons. Conclusions: This study established that AC-186 produces NF-κB-mediated anti-infammatory activity, which is proposed as a contributory mechanism involved in its neuroprotective actions. It is suggested that the anti-infammatory activity of this compound is linked to its agonist efect on ERβItem Naringenin attenuates highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced sperm DNA fragmentations and testicular toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats.(Elsevier, 2018) Adana, M. Y.; Akang, E. N.; Peter, A. I.; Jegede, A. I.; Naidu, E. C. S.; Tiloke, C.; Chuturgoon A. A.; Azu, O. O.Highly active antiretroviral therapy has evolved over the years, leading to a boost in the quality of life in people living with HIV and AIDS. However, growing evidence has shown that highly active antiretroviral therapy has deleterious effects on the testes and the overall reproductive capacity. Therefore, this study is to determine the adjuvant potential of Naringenin on highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced perturbations in fertility of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups viz – Control; H: 30 mg/kg of highly active antiretroviral therapy (EFV, 600 mg + FTC, 200 mg + TDF, 300 mg); N40: Naringenin, 40 mg/kg; N80: Naringenin, 80 mg/kg; HN40: highly active antiretroviral therapy + Naringenin, 40 mg/kg; HN80: highly active antiretroviral therapy + Naringenin, 80 mg/kg. The rats were euthanized after 4 weeks. Results showed that there was a significant decrease in sperm count (p < 0.001), spermatozoa with normal morphology (p < 0.001) and progressive sperm motility (p < 0.05) of H compared to the control and the HN groups. Likewise, fragmentations increased (p < 0.05) in tail lengths of sperm DNA in H compared to control. HN40 and HN80 decreased tail lengths compared to H (p < 0.001). There was also a decrease in %tail DNA and tail moment in HN40 (p < 0.001) compared to H. Luteinizing hormone significantly increased (p < 0.05) in HN40, HN80, and N40 (p < 0.001) but decreased in H (p < 0.05) compared to control. The diameter of the seminiferous tubules also decreased (p < 0.05) in H compared to control, N80, and HN40. Likewise, the area of the seminiferous tubules in group H decreased (p < 0.05) compared to N80 and HN80. The seminiferous tubules epithelium increased (p < 0.05) in N40 and HN40 compared to H. This study establishes that highly active antiretroviral therapy has deleterious effects on the testicular microanatomy, sperm parameters, and sperm DNA of Sprague-Dawley rats, which may impair fertility but Naringenin is a potential complimentary adjuvant.Item Naringenin Modulates Sertoli Cell Dysfunction and Altered SCF/c-kit Ligand System in the Setting of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy(The Anatomical Society of Nigeria, 2024) Adana, M. Y.; Akang, E. N.; Ugochukwu, O.; Eche S.; Naidu, E. C. S.; Azu O. O.Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) has been shown in previous studies to induce histopathological changes in the testes. An essential function of the c-kit signalling system is to control cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and death. Consequently, certain male infertility may be explained by deregulating the SCF/c-kit system by attenuating or overactivating its signaling strength. This study examined the effects of antiretroviral drugs and a bioactive flavonoid, Naringenin on testicular ultrastructure, function and the SCF/c-kit ligand system. Six groups of five Sprague Dawley rats were assigned into cART (H), distilled water (DW), naringenin 40 mg/kg (N40), naringenin 80 mg/kg (N80), cART+naringenin 40 mg/kg (HN40), and cART+naringenin 80 mg/kg (HN80). Electron microscopy was employed to study testicular ultrastructural changes. The expressions of intratesticular SCF and c-kit mRNA were evaluated using quantitative PCR. The apoptotic assay and levels of intratesticular antioxidant enzymes were studied using ELISA. Using cART resulted in nuclear membrane breakdown, anomalies in the ultrastructural appearance of the germinal epithelium, and distortion of the progressive cellular growth. These changes were reduced with the co-administration of Naringenin. Co-administration of Naringenin limited the identified dysfunction of Sertoli cells as a sign of testicular toxicity from cART and this study suggests that as an adjuvant therapy, naringenin might help prevent testicular toxicity associated with long-term use of cART.Item Naringenin upregulates the expression of CYP17 and CYP19 in the rats' testes: any effects on sperm functionality?(Taylor & Francis Group, 2020) Adana, M. Y.; Akang E. N.; Eche, S.; Ugochukwu, O.; Azu, O. O.Background: CYP17A1 and CYP19A1, are members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily which are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in steroidogenesis. In humans, the gene CYP17, located on chromosome 10q24.3 , encodes the 17 alpha-hydroxylase while CYP19 gene which resides on chromosome15q21.1 encodes aromatase enzyme . They are both expressed in the gonads. Optimal spermatogenesis has been shown to be dependent on the expression of these genes. They are known to be crucial for germ cell development and functionality. This research studied the expression of these genes in the rats' testes and investigated the effects of Naringenin, a bioactive flavonoid on their expression. Methods: Thirty male rats weighing 200-220g, were randomly assigned into 3 treatment groups- DW: Distilled water, N40: Naringenin, 40 mg/kg, N80: Naringenin, 80 mg/kg. Treatment lasted for a period of 70 days. Rats were then sacrificed, blood samples collected for hormonal assay, testes were harvested and semen were analysed. Expressions of CYP 17 and CYP 19 genes were done via real-time PCR. The Animal Research Ethical Committee, UKZN, South Africa approved this research (reference: AREC/046/016D). Results: The animals in groups N40 and N80 displayed significantly higher expression of CYP 17 and CYP 19 genes when compared to controls. Serum testosterone and LH levels were also significantly higher. However, no significant differences in the sperm count and percentage of abnormal sperms observed across the groups. But there were significantly lower progressive sperms in group N40 when compared to control. Conclusion: The study suggests that even though Naringenin displayed increased expression of CYP 17 and CYP19 genes in the testes, there was no significant impact on the semen parameters and no effects on the overall testicular function. Naringenin, a bioflavonoid may be able to protect against testicular toxicity but does not improve the function of an otherwise healthy testes.Item Newbouldia Laevis Enhanced Bcl-2 Expression and Germinal Epithelial Proliferation in adolescent Wistar rats(2025-04) Adana, M. Y.; Adebayo, A. D.; Aina, S. A.; Nathan, Q. R.; Onigbolabi, O. G.; Ajao, M. S.Background: In traditional medicine, numerous plant extracts have been used as infertility treatments to enhance chances of procreation over the years. The use of Newbouldia laevis as an adjuvant has been shown in experimental animal models to have the ability to either stimulate or suppress male reproductive processes at specific dosages. Th study aimed to compare the effects of graded dosages of Newbouldia laevis and zinc on male fertility. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male divided into six groups of five adolescent rats each. They were treated with normal saline, Zinc, and different doses and and duration , viz: low-dose short-term (LS) and low-dose long-term (LL), and high-dose long-term (HL) the motility and population groups when compared to other groups. Conclusion/Recommendations: Wistar rats, weighing between 55 - 125 g were randomly high-dose short-term (HS) Newbouldia laevis at for a period of 28 days , for of 56 days . The semen , histomorphometric analysis, and Bcl-2 expression, a protein that controls apoptosis, were studied to assess the testicular health in experimental animals. Results: The results demonstrated that high doses of Newbouldia laevis parameters impaired semen parameters, particularly of sperm cells, irrespective of treatment duration. The population of germinal epithelial cells was unchanged . However, t he expression of Bcl-2 The study suggests that was reduced in the high dose (HS and HL) moderate use of period may have beneficial effects on male fertility potential Newbouldia laevis extract for a limited with effects comparable to those of Zinc.Item Nigella sativa oil ingestion mitigates aluminum chloride (alcl3) induced cerebellar oxidative, neurogenic damages and impaired motor functions in Wistar rats(Association of Anatomical Societies of Africa, 2022) Imam, A.; Sulaimon, F. A.; Shehu, M.; Busari, M.; Oyegbola, C.; Okesina, A. A.; Afodun A. M.; Adana, M. Y.; Ajao, M. S.Varying neurological effects, and impairments to motor functions, neurochemistry and neuromorphology have been associated with Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) induced neurotoxicity. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in AlCl3 induced cerebellar toxicity in rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups and received: normal saline; 100 mg/kg.bw of AlCl3; 100 mg/kg.bw AlCl3 and 1 ml/kg.bw of NSO; and 1 ml/kg.bw, orally and daily for fourteen days. On the 13th day of the experiment, the rats were each exposed to a single trial of the Open Field Test (OFT), of which line crossing frequency, rearing frequency, and freezing period were recorded as measures of exploratory and locomotive behaviours of the animals. By day 15, the rats were euthanized, their brains were excised, the cerebellum dissected from five brains of each group, and homogenized for biochemical evaluations of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The remaining three brains in each group were processed for histology and Ki67 immunohistochemistry investigations. The results of this study shows that AlCl3 impaired motor related behaviours in the AlCl3 exposed animals, by significantly reducing the line crossing and rearing frequencies, and increasing the freezing period. This effect was observed to be mitigated in the animal group that received NSO following AlCl3 administration, as the animals showed improved motor behaviours. AlCl3 also caused an increase in the cerebellar activities of NO and ROS, while it depleted Ki67 expressions and caused neurodegenerative-like effects in the cerebellar histoarchitecture of the exposed animals. Intervention with NSO depleted ROS/NO levels and protected the cerebellum from the nitrosative and oxidative stress induced by AlCl3. NSO was also observed to preserve the cerebellar cortex histoarchitecture and neurogenic morphology against the neurodegenerative effect of AlCl3. It can be concluded that NSO, with its high efficacy against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, is a potent natural therapeutic agent in aluminum and heavy metal neurotoxicity.Item Oral thymoquinone modulates cyclophosphamide‐induced testicular toxicity in adolescent Wistar rats(Wiley, 2022) Adana, M. Y.; Imam, A.; Bello, A. A.; Sunmonu, O. E.; Alege, E. P.; Onigbolabi, O. G.; Ajao, M. S.Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is an effective anti-cancer drug that is widely accepted, but it is not devoid of unintended toxic effects. Gonadal toxicity is reported as one of the side effects of its long-time use. This study examined the effects of thymoqui none (TQ) on the biological integrities of the testes after cyclophosphamide expo sure. Thirty adolescent male Wistar rats (100–110 g) were divided into six groups (n = 5), receiving normal saline (NS), 20 mg/kg of CYP (CYP), 5 mg/kg of TQ (TQ5), 10 mg/kg of TQ (TQ10), 20 mg/kg of CYP and 5 mg/kg of TQ (CTQ5), and 20 mg/ kg of CYP and 10 mg/kg of TQ (CTQ10) respectively. On the 22nd day, blood, semen and testicular samples were collected for the assay of serum reproductive hormones (follicle-stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) hormones), semen analysis and testicu lar histology and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. The results re vealed that CYP exposure affected functional and structural integrities of the testes, by depleting sperm count and motility, testosterone, LH, spermatogenic and mature sperm cell population, Leydig cells and PCNA immunoreactive proliferating cells. TQ interventions were able to reverse all cytotoxic CYP impacts, but with differential activities on the hormonal concentrations, specifically LH and FSH. Cumulatively, thymoquinone may be a potent agent against cyclophosphamide effects on the physi ological, regeneration and histological integrities of the testes, as observed in this study.Item Phoenix dactylifera and polyphenols ameliorated monosodium glutamate toxicity in the dentate gyrus of Wistar rats(Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2023) Adana, M. Y.; Ibiyeye, R.; Sulaimon, F.; Imam, A.; Okesina, A.; Ajao, M.Monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been known to cause neurodegeneration, due to its ability to trigger excitotoxicity, and the hippocampus is one of the most affected regions. Therefore, Phoenix dactylifera (P. dactyliferaa ) and polyphenols were employed in this study to mitigate on the deleterious effect of monosodium glutamate on the dentate gyrus of Wistar rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats weighing between 120-150g was used for the study. The Wistar rats were grouped into eight, (n=6). Groups 1-8 received 1.6mL/kg normal saline, 4000mg\kg monosodium glutamate for 7-days, 4000mg\kg monosodium glutamate for 7-days and 100mg\kg caffeic-acid for 14-days concurrently, 4000mg\kg monosodium glutamate for 7-days and 100mg\kg P. dactyliferaa for 14-days concurrently, 4000mg\kg monosodium glutamate for 7-days and 100mg\kg luteolin for 14-days concurrently, 100mg\kg. caffeic-acid for 14-days followed by 4000mg\kg monosodium glutamate for 7-days, 100mg\kg P. dactyliferaa for 14-days followed by 4000mg\kg monosodium glutamate for 7-days and 100mg\kg luteolin for 14-days followed by 4000mg\kg monosodium glutamate for 7-days respectively. After the treatments, the rats underwent behavioural test (Y-maze test), and subsequently, the brain tissues were processed for histological (Hematoxylin & Eosin stain) and biochemical (superoxide dismustase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde) analyses. The activities of P. dactyliferaa and polyphenols ameliorated the deleterious effect of monosodium glutamate, through increased spontaneous alternation of the experimental animals, dominant matured granule cells of the dentate gyrus and modulated the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde in the male Wistar rats. Therefore, this study revealed that P. dactyliferaa and polyphenols ameliorated monosodium glutamate toxicity in the dentate gyrus of Wistar rats.Item Protective Effect of Nigella sativa (black caraway) oil on oral dichlorvos induced hematological, renal and nonspecific immune system toxicity in wistar rats(Arak University of Medical Sciences and Iranian Society of Toxicology, 2017) Adana, M. Y.; Ajao M. S.; Sansa A. B.; Imam A.; Ibrahim A.; Alli-Oluwafuyi A.; Kareem S.B.Background: Exposure to environmental toxins such as organophosphates poses a great threat to the health of the public. In this work, we investigated the effects of continuous exposure to dichlorvos (DDVP) on kidney function and hematological parameters, and the possible antidote activity of Nigella sativa oil (NSO). Methods: This research was conducted in 2016, at The Animal Holding and Research Laboratory of Faculty Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, six rats each. The four groups received: 1. phosphate buffer solution as controls, 2. DDVP, 3. DDVP+NSO and 4. NSO alone. After 2 wk of treatment, blood samples were collected and hematological profile (RBC, Hb), erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, and Plt), renal function parameters (albumin, urea, total protein, chloride, sodium, and potassium ions) and nonspecific immune response (WBC) were measured. Results: Rat exposed to DDVP showed red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, albumin, and total protein levels was reduced from control, while white blood cell count and urea significantly increased as compared to controls, the change in K+ level was not significant. NSO maintained optimal levels of red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, albumin, white blood cell count, and urea, indicative of its protective effect against hemo-, immuno- and nephrotoxicity of DDVP. Conclusion: N. sativa (Black Caraway) oil might be a potential antidote in hematotoxicity, immunosuppression and renal dysfunction in organophosphate poisoning, especially dichlorvos. The protective effect of NSO against dichlorvos toxicity can be attributed to its antioxidant capacity.Item Screening for pulmonary hypertension in pregnant women with sickle cell disease in sub-Saharan Africa(Elsevier, 2024) Adana, M. Y.; Swarray-Deen, A.; Alao, M. A.; Agyen-Frimpong, V. A.; Fakunle, A.; Deda, O.BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) has evolved from a condition predominantly fatal in childhood to a chronic illness impacting many adults, including women of reproductive age. For females with SCD, pregnancy represents one of the greatest health threats, exacerbating exist ing health challenges and introducing new risks. Despite advancements in healthcare, routine screening for existing complications like pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains inconsistent, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the prevalence of SCD is highest. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of screening for PH in pregnant women with SCD in LMICs, with the goal of enhancing maternal health outcomes in this vulnerable population. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective multi-center feasibility study was conducted from September 2022 to February 2023 at teaching hospitals in Ghana and Nigeria. The study included pregnant women with SCD between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation. Screening for PH utilized a tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) criterion (>2.5 m/s), with adherence to American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and proportions. RESULTS: Among 3091 pregnant women attending antenatal care, 88 had SCD (2.8%), and 55 were eligible for the study. We recruited 44 participants (mean age 28.9 years, SD 4.8), with 48% (21/44) SS genotype and 52% (23/44) SC genotype. Most participants (95.3%) had normal TRV (<2.5 m/s), with only one showing elevated TRV, successfully referred. Protocol adherence was 100%. Antenatal outcomes showed 95% echo uptake and 95.7% retention to term whilst postnatal echo follow-up was 43.5%. Notably, 27.1% (10/37) of deliveries required neonatal intensive care unit admission, and 18.2% were preterm. The sole participant with PH required intensive care unit care and experienced a preterm delivery with neonatal death on day 5. CONCLUSION: Screening and referral for PH in pregnant women with SCD in LMICs are feasible but face challenges in early diagnosis, healthcare personnel availability, and postnatal follow-up. Strategic planning is crucial to address these challenges and improve outcomes in this high-risk populationItem Subchronic dichlorvos-induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats: Mitigative efficacy of Nigella sativa oil.(2018) Adana, M. Y.; Imam, A.; Busari, M. O.; Ajibola, M. I.; Ibrahim, A.; Sulaimon, F. A.; Ajao, M. S.BACKGROUND: Accidental poisoning from indiscriminate use of organophosphates have become endemic in recent decades, most especially in developing nations, coupled with the limitations of the availability of satisfactory antidotes. AIM OF THE STUDY: Thus, we investigated the cardioprotective efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) following dichlorvos dichlorvos (DDVP)‑induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6); the control was administered sunflower oil (1 ml/kg), DDVP (8.8 mg/kg) to the experimental Group I, whereas DDVP + NSO (8.8 mg/kg +1 ml/kg) and NSO (1 ml/kg) was administered orally to the experimental Groups II and III, respectively. The animals were euthanized; blood was transcardially collected from the right atrium, centrifuged, and plasma extracted to analyze levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C). While cardiac muscle tissue was collected from the left heart, processed and stained for general architecture (hematoxylin and eosin) and elastic morphology (orcein). RESULTS: DDVP significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the plasma levels of TC, LDL, atherogenic and atherosclerotic indices (TC/HDL‑C and LDL‑C/HDL‑C ratios), but this was prevented by co-administration with NSO. Histological investigations showed that DDVP resulted in the pathological appearance of cardiac tissues, such as the lack of striations, myocardial hemorrhage, and necrosis‑like features. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that NSO was able to attenuate DDVP‑induced cardiotoxicity.Item Testicular microanatomical and hormonal alterations following use of antiretroviral therapy in Sprague Dawley rats: Role of Naringenin(Wiley- Blackwell, 2018) Adana, M. Y.; Akang, E. N.; Naidu, E. C. S.; Aniekan, P. I.; Kouame, K.; Offor, U.; Azu, O. O.Human immunodeficiency virus‐infected man may require assisted reproductive technology not just for safer conception but also due to subfertility. The study investigated the effect of antiretroviral drugs on the fertility potentials of males and the possible protective role of Naringenin, using Sprague Dawley rats. Thirty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were grouped into—A: Distilled water; B: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART); C: Naringenin 40 mg/kg; D: Naringenin 80 mg/kg, E: HAART + Naringenin 40 mg/kg; F: HAART + Naringenin 80 mg/kg. The rats were euthanised after 10 weeks. Results showed a significant decrease in sperm count in group B when compared to the control and other groups. Spermatozoa with normal morphology also reduced significantly in the B group and progressive sperm motility reduced when compared to the control, D and the F group. The serum testosterone was not significantly different between groups A and B, however the groups C and D displayed significant increase when compared to groups A and B. The serum luteinis‐ing hormone was significantly higher in group B when compared to groups A, E and F. Our data suggest that Naringenin improves the male reproductive anatomy and function, therefore, it promises to be a beneficial adjuvant for mitigating HAART testicular and reproductive perturbations.