Browsing by Author "Abdulsalam, K.O."
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Item Comparative Evaluation of Graded levels of Jatropha curcas oil and Eucalyptus globulus oil in the Treatment of Mange in Goat.(The Society for the Conservation of Phytofuels and Sciences, 2013) Belewu, M.A.; Ayeni, A.O; Esan, O.T.; Abdulsalam, K.O.; Shittu, M.The study evaluates the efficacy of Jatropha curcas oil and Eucalyptusglobulos oil in the treatment of Nine mange infected West African dwarf goat. The animals were randomized against the Treatments (A, B, C and D) in a Completely Randomized experiment for a 56 day period. Treatment A was the Control (without oil treatment), B was Ivomectin treated animals, C was 50% Jatropha oil + 50% Eucalyptus oil, D was 75% Jatropha oil + 25 % Eucalyptus oil. The goats were fed standard formulated diet and watered ad-libitum. Data collected include feed intake, weight gain and blood parameters. The results revealed significance differences among the feed intake. The highest feed intake was reported for Treatment C followed by B and the least was A. However, Treatment D was similar to B and C. The highest weight gain of animals on Treatments C and D (oil treatment) compared favourably with the (Ivomectin ) drug treated animals (Treatment B) but significantly heavier than the Control Treatment (without oil). Animals on the Control Treatment (A) had poor Red blood cell while the highest Packed Cell volume, Red blood cell heamoglobin and neutrophils showed that animals on Treatments B and C (oil treated ) responded well to the biological treatment. It could be concluded that the application of a combination of Jatropha oil and Eucalyptus oil holds a good promise in the treatment of mange in goat.Item Date-Coconut Drink: Physico-chemical and Sensory Qualities.(Published by Daffodil International University, Bangladesh., 2014) Belewu, M.A.; Muhammed-Lawal, A.; Abdulsalam, K.O.; Belewu, K.Y.; Belewu, N.O.This study evaluates the nutritional and sensory qualities of Date-Coconut drink that was prepared from a combination of Date palm juice and Coconut milk. The Treatments consist of a control (A) - Date palm drink; 50% Date palm juice and 50% Coconut milk B; 25% Date palm juice and 75% Coconut milk C; 75% Date palm juice and 25% Coconut milk D. A completely randomized design model was used in the analysis of the physicochemical and sensory qualities of the drink. The result revealed a delicious, sweet and sinks in the heart drink. The protein content was higher in the Coconut milk compared with Date juice. Conversely, the energy content of the Date juice was higher than Coconut milk. Additionally, the energy content was 332.10K.cal/g for the control (100% date palm juice);325.22k.cal/g Treatment B; 304.79k.cal/g Treatment C; and 306.82k.cal/g Treatment D. The protein content was 2.45% Treatment A; 3.73% Treatment B; 4.36% Treatment C and 3.08% Treatment D. The fat content was also highest for Treatment C >B>D>A in that order. Highly overall acceptability was recorded for Treatments B, C and D than A. Conclusively; the drink can be drank by all and sundry without and religious taboo.Item Effect of different levels of moringa oleifera oil on performance characteristics of pregnant goat(Faculty of Agriculture University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, 2014) Belewu, M.A.; Ahmed, M.A.; Badmus, A.H.A; Esan, O.T.; Abdulsalam, K.O.; Odebisi, M.B; Arise, A.KThis study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of Moringa oleifera oil on feed intake and digestibility coefficient of pregnant Goat. The pregnant West African Dwarf Goat (Doe) were assigned to three experimental Diets A, B and C in a Latin square Design model for a eight week period. The experimental Diet A (control) had no inclusion of Moringa oleifera oil while Diets B and C had 0.25g/kg and 0.5g/kg Moringa oil inclusion respectively. There were significant differences in the feed intake of all the parameters evaluated. While the DM, CP and CF digestibilities of the experimental animals were similar (P>0.05). However, there was significant difference in the ether extract digestibility of the experimental animals. In conclusion, the inclusion of Moringa oleifera oil holds a good potential in the diet of pregnant West African Dwarf goat.Item Effect of Different Levels of Moringa Oleifera Oil on the performance Characteristics of Pregnant Goat(Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria., 2014) Belewu, M.A; Ahmed, M.A; Badmos, A.H.A.; Esan, O.T.; Abdulsalam, K.O.; Odebisi, M.B.; Arise, A.K.This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of Moringa oleifera oil on feed intake and digestibility coefficient of pregnant Goat . The pregnant West African Dwarf Goat (Doe) were assigned to three experimental Diets A, B and C in a Latin square Design model for a eight week period. The experimental Diet A (control) had no inclusion of Moringa oleifera oil while Diets B and C had 0.25g/kg and 0.5g/kg Moringa oil inclusion respectively. There were significant differences in the feed intake of all the parameters evaluated. While the DM, CP and CF digestibilities of the experimental animals were similar (P>0.05). However, there was significant difference in the ether extract digestibility of the experimental animals. In conclusion, the inclusion of Moringa oleifera oil holds a good potential in the diet of pregnant West African Dwarf goat.Item Effect of Softening Agents on The Chemical and Anti-Nutrient Compositions Of Fermented Prosopis Africana Seeds.(published by Technical University of Cluj Napoca, North Universitary Center of Baia Mare., 2015) Balogun, M.A.; Oyeyiola, G.P.; Omojasola, P.F.; Kolawole, F.L.; Oyeyinka, S.A.; Abdulsalam, K.O.; Sanni, A.The fermentation of Prosopis africana leads to the production of a local condiment in Nigeria called Okpehe. In this study, Okpehe was processed from Prosopis africana seeds using two chemical softening agents (wood ash and potash) at different concentrations (1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). Sample A was Okpehe processed with wood ash while potash was used for processing sample B. The effect of these softening agents on chemical and anti-nutritional (tannin, phytate and oxalate) composition of Okpehe was investigated every 24 hours for 72 hours. Different concentrations (1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of the antinutrients were used for the study. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in pH (6.00 8.50), crude protein (32.00 39.50%) and crude fibre (4.10 - 6.00%) while the amounts of crude fat (12.02 7.20%) and carbohydrate (38.30 31.30%) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) till the end of fermentation for all the samples. There was reduction in the anti-nutritional content of Okpehe processed with the two softening agents as fermentation progressed. Okpehe processed with wood ash at 15% and that processed with potash at 20% had better chemical composition and lower anti-nutritional values. Results obtained from this study showed that wood ash is a better softening agent that can be used in the processing of Okpehe with an accompanying reduction in time and energy used in its production.Item Efficacy of Mucor indicus and Abisidia carybifera Treated Jatropha curcas kernel on Performance Characteristics of Goat(The Society for the Conservation of Phytofuels and Sciences, 2013) Belewu, M.A.; Odebisi, M.T.; Esan, O.T.; Abdulsalam, K.O.; Arise, A.K.; Badmos, A.H.A.; Lawal, R.A.; Ugbamaja, E.R.; Okin, H.O.; Adebayo, A.M.The study evaluates the efficiency of Mucor indicus and Absidia corymbifera treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake on the performance characteristics of weaner West African dwarf goats (average BW= 6.25kg). The goats (n=25) were randomly allocated to five dietary Treatments A, B, C, D and E in a Completely Randomised design model for a 56 day period. Treatments A ( Control, contained Groundnut cake as protein source); Treatment B (contained 50% Groundnut cake plus 50% Mucor indicus treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake), Treatment C (contained 50% Groundnut cake plus 50% Absidia corymbifera treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake) , Treatment D (contained 25% Groundnut cake plus 75% Mucor indicus treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake) and Treatment E (contained 25% Groundnut cake plus 75% Absidia corymbifera treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake). The results revealed higher crude protein and ether extract contents for the fungi treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake compared to the untreated cake. Conversely, the crude fibre content of the fungi treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake was lower than the untreated cake. Additionally, the crude fibre content of the fungi treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake was reduced between 20% (Mucor indicus) and 28% (Abisidia corymbifera) compared to the untreated cake. Similarly, the dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and ash contents of the fungi treated Treatments B, C, D and E were numerically higher (P> 0.05) compared to the Control (Treatment A). Conversely, the Crude fibre content of Treatments B, C, D and E was lower compared to Treatment A (Control). The dry matter intake of Treatments B and E compared favourably with that of the Control (Treatment A) but significantly higher than Treatments C and D. The crude protein, ash and nitrogen free extract intakes followed similar trend. The crude fibre intake of Treatments A and E were similar but significantly higher than other Treatments. Animals on Treatments B and E had similar weight gain to that of the Control (Treatment A). With the exception of dry matter digestibility of Treatment A which was significantly higher than other Treatments, other nutrient digestibility (crude protein, ether extract and nitrogen free extract) were similar(p>0.05). The Crude fibre digestibility was lower for the fungi treated Treatments compared to the Control. It could be concluded that inclusion of 50% Mucor indicus treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake and 75% Absidia corymbifera treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake could be used to supplement for high cost of groundnut cake in the diet of goat.Item Performance and Hematology indices of Broiler Chickens fed Mono-Culture Fungal Fermented Mango (Mangifera indica) Kernel Cake.(Published by Society of Animal Science, Department of Livestock & Avian Science, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka., 2013) Kayode, R.M.O.; Ojiako, F.A.; Ogundun, N.J.; Annongu, A.A.; Abdulsalam, K.O.; Adeyemi, K.D.A 4-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing maize with different mono-culture fungal fermented Mango kernel Cake at 20% inclusion level on performance and hematology indices in starter broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty 1day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to six treatment groups of 60 chicks each in a completely randomized design. The treatments were the Control, Unfermented mango kernel cake (UMKC), Rhizopus oligosporus fermented mango kernel cake (Ro), Aspergillus niger fermented mango kernel cake (An), Rhizopus stolonifer fermented Mango kernel cake (Rs) and Penicillium chrysogenum fermented mango kernel cake (Pc). The highest total body weight gain of 494.45g was observed with birds fed control diet which was not significantly (p> 0.05) different from birds fed diets Ro (469.66g), An (483.92g) and Pc (492.52g) but differ (p< 0.05) from UMKC (408.04g). Birds fed Pc diet had higher feed intake that was significantly (p< 0.05) different from other treatments. Birds fed UMKC had a significantly lower protein, fibre and ash retention and lower feed efficiency than other treatments. However, fat retention does not differ (p> 0.05) among treatments. The hematological parameters of the birds fed different diets were within normal range except the values of PCV (16.00%) obtained for the birds fed UMKC which was significantly lower (p< 0.05) than other treatments. Fungi fermented mango kernel cake could be used to replace maize in diet of broiler starter without deleterious effects on performance, nutrient retention and hematological indices.