Browsing by Author "Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba"

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    Ackee Fruit Poisoning in Eight Siblings: Implications for Public Health Awareness
    (American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2015) Katibi, O.S.; Olaosebikan, R.R; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Ogunkunle, T.O; Ibraheem, Rasheedat Mobolaji; Murtala, R
    Ackee apple fruit is a native fruit to Jamaica and some parts of west Africa. Its toxicity known as “Jamaican vomiting sickness” dates back to the nineteenth century. However, there is a dearth of reported published data on toxicity from Nigeria where it is popularly known in the southwest as “ishin.” We report a case series of eight previously well Nigerian siblings who presented at various intervals after ingestion of roasted seeds and aril of the ackee fruit.
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    Acute Kidney Injuries in Children with Severe Malaria: A comparative study of diagnostic criteria based on serum cystatin C and creatinine levels
    (College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat, Oman, 2020) Afolayan, FM; Adedoyin, OT; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Ibrahim, O.R.; Biliaminu, S.A.; Mokuolu, O.A.; Ojuawo, A.
    Objectives: Serum creatinine levels are often used to diagnose acute kidney injury (AKI), but may not necessarily accurately reflect changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study aimed to compare the prevalence of AKI in children with severe malaria using diagnostic criteria based on creatinine values in contrast to cystatin C. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was performed between June 2016 and May 2017 at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. A total of 170 children aged 0.5–14 years old with severe malaria were included. Serum cystatin C levels were determined using a particle-enhanced immunoturbidmetric assay method, while creatinine levels were measured using the Jaffe reaction. Renal function assessed using cystatin C-derived estimated GFR (eGFR) was compared to that measured using three sets of criteria based on creatinine values including the Kidney Disease: Improved Global Outcomes (KDIGO) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria as well as an absolute creatinine cut-off value of >1.5 mg/dL. Results: Mean serum cystatin C and creatinine levels were 1.77 ± 1.37 mg/L and 1.23 ± 1.80 mg/dL, respectively (P = 0.002). According to the KDIGO, WHO and absolute creatinine criteria, the frequency of AKI was 32.4%, 7.6% and 16.5%, respectively. In contrast, the incidence of AKI based on cystatin C-derived eGFR was 51.8%. Overall, the rate of detection of AKI was significantly higher using cystatin C compared to the KDIGO, WHO and absolute creatinine criteria (P = 0.003, <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Diagnostic criteria for AKI based on creatinine values may not indicate the actual burden of disease in children with severe malaria.
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    Acute tubular injury from toxic nephropathy presenting as bilateral renal masses in a 16-month-old child in Nigeria
    (African Paediatric Nephrology Association, 2021) Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Ezekiel, R; Adedoyin, OT
    A 16-month-old child was brought by the parents on account of bilateral flank swellings of three-week duration, associated with weight loss. Abdominal imaging studies revealed bilateral renomegaly with preserved renal architecture. Renal biopsy performed showed features of acute tubular necrosis with normal glomeruli. An assessment of bilateral renomegaly with preserved architecture, probably from toxic nephropathy was made. The child made remarkable improvement.
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    Aetiology and outcome of childhood heart failure in an emergency paediatric unit in North Central Nigeria
    (Port Harcourt Medical Journal, 2017) Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Bello, S.O.; Oladele, D.P.; Owolabi, Bilkis; Suberu, Habibat Dirisu; Adeoye, Peter Oladapo
    significantly to mortality amongst children. Objective: The study aims to describe the burden of heart failure in an emergency paediatric unit (EPU), its causes and the outcome. Methods: This is a retrospective review of admissions into the EPU over a 24‑month period from May 2013 to April 2015. Children aged 1 month to 14 years who met the case definition for heart failure were recruited. Unit registers and hospital folders were reviewed, and data on age, sex, aetiology of heart failure, and outcome were extracted and recorded. Results: Two hundred and ninety‑one (12.5%, 95% confidence interval: 11.3–14.0) of the 2321 medical admissions over the study period had heart failure. Majority (75.6%) of the children were aged < 5 years and 164 (56.4%) were male. The common causes of heart failure were severe anaemia (66.7%), acute lower respiratory infections (21.3%), congenital disease (8.3%) and acquired heart disease (3.8%). The case fatality rate for heart failure was 5.8% (17 deaths) with majority (64.7%) of the deaths resulting from severe anaemia. Conclusion: Heart failure is a common contributor to morbidity and mortality in this environment, and the causes are largely preventable. Aggressive management of these cases may result in an improved outcome.
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    An analysis of national data on care-seeking behaviour by parents of children with suspected pneumonia in Nigeria
    (South African Journal of Child Health, 2016) Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Abdulkadir, Zainab Ajoke; Johnson, Wahab Babatunde Rotimi
    Background. Pneumonia is responsible for 940 000 under-5 deaths annually. Most of these deaths result from delays in instituting effective treatment. Objectives. To determine care-seeking behaviour by parents of children with pneumonia and sociodemographic factors that influence decisions to seek appropriate care. Methods. The study was an analysis of the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013, which was a nationwide cross-sectional survey using a stratified cluster design of 40 680 households. All children under-5 living in the surveyed households with suspected pneumonia in the preceding 2 weeks were recruited along with their mothers. Sociodemographic characteristics of the parents and where they sought care for their child were obtained. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to determine the contribution of various sociodemographic variables to the decision on seeking appropriate medical care. Results. Of the 28 950 children surveyed, 565 had suspected pneumonia, which equates to an occurrence rate of 19.5 per 1 000 children. About 36% of parents were judged to have sought appropriate care when their children had pneumonia. High paternal education, health decision-making by both husband and wife, and belonging to the higher quintiles on a wealth index were factors that positively influenced care-seeking behaviour. Conclusion. Care-seeking behaviour for pneumonia is poor. Paternal education and joint decision-making are key determinants of parents seeking appropriate care for their children with suspected pneumonia in Nigeria.
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    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Ilorin: Screening with the Conner’s Teachers’ Rating Scale
    (Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research, 2018) Adeboye, M.A.N; Akande, T.M.; Osagbemi, G.K.; Buhari, O.I.N; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Ojuawo, A
    Background: The prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or its risk in North Central Nigeria has not been adequately reported. The consequences of missing the disorder and its co-morbidities are usually costly to the society. Method: Using a multi-stage sampling technique, nine primary schools from where a total of 1,480 pupils were selected across the three local government areas within Ilorin metropolis (two public and one private school from each LGA) we selected. An ADHD assessment tool - the short version of Conner's Teacher Rating Scale was administered on the pupils through their respective class teachers after training the teachers on how to administer the tool. They were classified into Inattention ADHD and Hyperactive/impulsive ADHD. Results: Of the 1480 (741 males and 739 female) pupils recruited, public schools contributed 1033 (69.8%) pupils while 447(30.2%) were from the private schools. A prevalence of 15.8% was found for ADHD risk. Statistically significant differences were present in the male to the female distribution of the Inattention ADHD, Hyperactivity ADHD (each with p< 0.05) but not in the overall ADHD index(p> 0.05). The ADHD Index was higher in the public schools. Conclusion: Prevalence of primary pupils aged 6-12 years in Ilorin at risk of ADHD is 15.8%, no significant gender variation was found. It is hereby recommended that Pre-primary school entry screening for ADHD should be instituted considered to enhance early recognition and prompt intervention so as to save the country from bad childhood that develops into bad adulthood with its myriads of anti-social and behavioural consequences.
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    Audit of availability and distribution of paediatric cardiology services and facilities in Nigeria
    (Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 2017) Ekure, E.N.; Sadoh, Wilson Ehi; Bode-Thomas, Fidelia; Yilgwan, C.S.; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba
    Background: Paediatric cardiac services in Nigeria have been perceived to be inadequate but no formal documentation of availability and distribution of facilities and services has been done. Objective: To evaluate and document the currently available paediatric cardiac services in Nigeria. Methods: In this questionnaire-based, cross-sectional descriptive study, an audit was undertaken from January 2010 to December 2014, of the personnel and infrastructure, with their distributions according to geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Results: Forty-eight centres participated in the study, with 33 paediatric cardiologists and 31 cardiac surgeons. Echocardiography, electrocardiography and pulse oximetry were available in 45 (93.8%) centres while paediatric intensive care units were in 23 (47.9%). Open-heart surgery was performed in six (12.5%) centres. South-West zone had the majority of centres (20; 41.7%). Conclusions: Available paediatric cardiac services in Nigeria are grossly inadequate and poorly distributed. Efforts should be intensified to upgrade existing facilities, establish new and functional centres, and train personnel.
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    Caregivers perception of childhood fever in Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria
    (Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics, 2013) Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Johnson, Wahab Babatunde Rotimi
    Background: Fever remains a common clinical indicator of disease, accounting alone for over 25% of paediatric emergency rooms consultations. Perception of this important sign is a crucial prelude and determinant of outcome in febrile children. The aim was to determine knowledge and attitudes of parents regarding fever in their children. Methods: The study is a crosssectional descriptive study carried out at the Emergency Paediatric Unit of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH). Fourhundred under-five children presenting with fever were recruited along with their caregivers. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to collect information on sociodemographics, and caregiver’s knowledge and attitudes regarding fever in their wards. Results: The mean age of the caregivers was 29.5 ± 4.46 years (Range 21 – 41 years). Only 30.3% of caregivers could correctly describe what fever was. The most frequently utilised fever detection method was tactile assessment. Only 3.2% of the caregivers used a thermometer to detect fever. Social class, maternal age and religion significantly influenced the decision to use thermometers. The most common remedies caregivers would use for fever in their children were to give paracetamol (96.3%), sponging (73.2%) and a warm bath (63.8%). About 61% of caregivers had a wrong perception of the possible complications of fever. Conclusions: Caregivers in this study had a poor knowledge of fever, and parental educational and socioeconomic status impacted on their responses to fever. There is a need for education of caregivers at all contacts with the healthcare system on fever, and its management.
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    Case report of challenges in the management of a rare ductal dependent complex congenital heart disease in a Nigerian tertiary hospital
    (College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osun, Nigeria, 2016) Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Olaosebikan, R; Abdulazeez, A; Owolabi, B
    Objective: Complex congenital heart defects are rare and may be difficult to define. They often require early surgery for palliation or correction. A lack of facilities and manpower to provide surgery in developing countries often results in mortality. Case report:A6 month old male infant referred to our unit on account of failure to thrive, cyanosis since birth, easy fatigability and breathlessness. On examination he was small for age with tachycardia and a grade III pansystolic murmur at the left lower sternal edge. Chest radiograph revealed an “egg on side” cardiac appearance with cardiomegaly. Echocardiography confirmed the presence of d-transposition of the great arteries with a patent foramen ovale, large ventricular septal defect and atresia of the proximal main pulmonary artery. The child died while being prepared for referral to a centre for palliative surgery. Conclusion: Transposition of the great arteries with pulmonary atresia is an uncommon congenital heart disease. Early intervention with palliative surgery is necessary to prevent mortality.
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    A comparative analysis of mothers preference for specific type of phone-derived reminders for routine immunization appointments in Ilorin, Nigeria
    (Journal of Medicine in the Tropics, 2018) Ibraheem, Rasheedat Mobolaji; Akintola, Moshood Adebayo; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Adeboye, M.A.N.; Mohammad, M.
    Background: Forgotten immunization appointment is a factor associated with low immunization uptake in Nigeria which could be addressed by a reminder-based intervention. Thus, there is a need to identify the type of reminder which would be preferred by the recipients which was the aim of this study conducted in Ilorin, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 363 mothers was conducted at two public-based immunization centers. Responses on willingness to receive text message or call reminders, preferred timing of appointment, and language of communication, willingness to pay, antenatal, and delivery characteristics were obtained via questionnaires. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 software (IBM Corporation, Virginia, USA). Results: Text messages were preferred by 189 (52.1%) mothers and call by 174 (47.9%) mothers. A day prior to the scheduled appointment was the preferred timing by 322 (88.7%) mothers. The local language was preferred by 133 (76.4%) mothers who wanted calls, and 154 (81.5%) mothers who preferred text messages wanted English language. Logistic regression identified the odds of mothers preference for text message compared with calls was eightfold to fivefold among those aged 21–25 and 31–35 years, respectively compared with those aged <21 years, with each P < 0.005. Willingness to pay at most 50 naira for the reminders increased by eightfold among those who preferred text messages compared with calls (odds ratio 8.4; 95% confidence interval 2.8–25.1). Conclusion: Phone-derived reminders are a possible deployable tool for increasing immunization coverage in Nigeria. The optimal timing for sending reminders is the day preceding the appointment. Call reminders are preferred delivered in the local language, whereas English is preferred for text messages.
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    A comparative analysis of mothers’ preference for specific type of phone-derived reminders for routine immunization appointments in Ilorin, Nigeria.
    (College of Medicine, University of Jos, 2018) Ibraheem, Rasheedat; Akintola, Moshood; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Adeboye, M.A.N; Muhammed, M.J
    Background: Forgotten immunization appointment is a factor associated with low immunization uptake in Nigeria which could be addressed by a reminder-based intervention. Thus, there is a need to identify the type of reminder which would be preferred by the recipients which was the aim of this study conducted in Ilorin, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 363 mothers was conducted at two public-based immunization centers. Responses on willingness to receive text message or call reminders, preferred timing of appointment, and language of communication, willingness to pay, antenatal, and delivery characteristics were obtained via questionnaires. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 software (IBM Corporation, Virginia, USA). Results: Text messages were preferred by 189 (52.1%) mothers and call by 174 (47.9%) mothers. A day prior to the scheduled appointment was the preferred timing by 322 (88.7%) mothers. The local language was preferred by 133 (76.4%) mothers who wanted calls, and 154 (81.5%) mothers who preferred text messages wanted English language. Logistic regression identified the odds of mothers preference for text message compared with calls was eightfold to fivefold among those aged 21–25 and 31–35 years, respectively compared with those aged <21 years, with each P < 0.005. Willingness to pay at most 50 naira for the reminders increased by eightfold among those who preferred text messages compared with calls (odds ratio 8.4; 95% confidence interval 2.8–25.1). Conclusion: Phone-derived reminders are a possible deployable tool for increasing immunization coverage in Nigeria. The optimal timing for sending reminders is the day preceding the appointment. Call reminders are preferred delivered in the local language, whereas English is preferred for text messages.
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    Comparative assessment of cognitive function of asthmatic and non-asthmatic children in Ilorin, Nigeria
    (Indonesian Pediatric Society, 2024-02-21) Mohammed, Salihu Sheni; Ibraheem Rasheedat Mobolaji; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Adeboye, Muhammed Akanbi Nurudeen; Gobir, Aishatu Ahmed; Johnson, 'Wahab Babatunde Rotimi
    Background The presence of asthma in children may negatively impact their cognitive function, possibly due to intermittent hypoxia from repeated acute exacerbations, sleep deprivation, and school absenteeism. However, conflicting reports abound on cognitive performance among children with asthma. Objective To assess and compare the cognitive function of asthmatic and non-asthmatic children in Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods This cross-sectional study compared the cognitive performance scores of 66 children with asthma aged 6-17 years, and the corresponding scores of 66 healthy age- and gender-matched children without asthma. Data obtained included sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical details. Cognitive function was assessed with the Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM) psychometric test. Results The male: female ratio was 1.3:1. The median RPM score of 50.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 25.0-75.0] in children with asthma was significantly higher than that of non-asthmatic children [32.5 (IQR 10.0-50.0)]; (P=0.016). A significantly higher proportion of asthmatic subjects (74.2%) were in the high grade RPM score category compared to the non-asthmatic children’s concomitant proportion (57.6%). Asthmatic subjects were twice as likely to belong to the high grade RPM score category than their non-asthmatic counterparts (OR=2.12; 95%CI 1.02 to 4.44; P=0.043). There was no significant association between RPM score grade and clinical severity of asthma in the subject population (P=0.554). Conclusion Children with asthma perform better in cognitive function assessment, using RPM test, compared to their non-asthmatic counterparts in Ilorin, Nigeria.
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    A comparative study of rectal, tympanic and axillary thermometry in febrile Nigerian children under five years of age
    (Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2013) Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Johnson, Wahab Babatunde Rotimi
    Background: Fever alone accounts for over 25% of paediatric emergency room consultations. Accurate determination of temperature is critical for the management of sick children by both parents and health care-providers. Aims and Objectives: To compare simultaneous measurements of temperature measured by the rectal, axillary, and tympanic routes in children under 5 admitted to the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. Methods: 400 children under 5 years of age with a rectal temperature of §38.0uC were recruited consecutively into the study. Rectal and axillary temperatures were measured using digital thermometers. Tympanic measurements were undertaken with an infrared tympanic thermometer. All measurements were made simultaneously and compared. Results: Mean (SD) rectal temperature was 38.8 (0.7)uC, and mean (SD) tympanic and axillary temperatures were 38.7 (0.7)uC and 38.1 (0.7)uC, respectively. There was no significant difference between rectal and tympanic temperatures (P50.14), and a strong correlation was identified between values from these two sites (r50.91). At 91.5%, the sensitivity of tympanic thermometry in determining fever was higher than that of axillary measurements (54.0%). A mathematical relationship was demonstrated between rectal/tympanic temperatures and between rectal/axillary temperatures as follows: Rectal temperature (uC)56.03z0.85 * Mean tympanic temperature (uC) Rectal temperature (uC)511.7z0.71 * Axillary temperature (uC) Conclusion: In febrile children, tympanic temperature better reflects rectal temperature than does axillary temperature; tympanic temperature should therefore be measured when there are no contra-indications for its use.
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    A comparative study of the ownership and utilization of insecticide treated nets in household of children with uncomplicated malaria in Nigeria
    (Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, 2016) Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Ibraheem, Rasheedat Mobolaji; Ahmed, A.O.; Oyebamiji, Joshua
    The objective of the study was to determine insecticide treated net possession and usage; and factors associated with their utilisation in a cohort of children with uncomplicated malaria. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a secondary level health facility. Subjects were children with uncomplicated malaria and their caregivers. Inclusion criteria were children presenting with fever and have a positive rapid diagnostic test for malaria. Children with severe malaria were excluded. The subjects were recruited consecutively during the period of highest malaria transmission. Information was obtained on insecticide treated net ownership and utilisation from the caregivers. One hundred and thirteen children were recruited. Seventy one of the children were aged less than five years. Insecticide treated net ownership rate was 52.2% and utilisation rate was 62.7%. Age less than five years was the only factor significantly associated with an increased likelihood of net ownership (p=0.03). In conclusion, insecticide treated net ownership and utilisation among children with uncomplicated malaria in Nigeria is low and children aged less than five years are associated with a higher likelihood of household net ownership.
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    Cross- sectional survey of school teachers knowledge of Ebola virus disease in Ilorin
    (Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, 2016) Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Abdulkadir, Zainab Ajoke; Ibraheem, Rasheedat Mobolaji; Afolabi, Joseph Kolawole
    The current outbreak of Ebola virus disease is the largest ever. It had led to major disruptions in academic calendars due to closing of schools. However, recent successes in curtailing the epidemic had led to the reopening of schools. School teachers who are in close contact with children should have the necessary knowledge regarding the disease and the capacity to carry out appropriate actions for ill children. We sought to determine the knowledge of primary and secondary school teachers in privately owned schools regarding Ebola virus disease. The study is a descriptive questionnaire based survey on knowledge of teachers regarding EVD. Study participants were primary and secondary school teachers working in privately owned schools. A purposive sampling technique was used in selecting participants. One hundred questionnaires were distributed with an 89% response rate. The mean age of the teachers was 34.18 years ± 8.49. Majority (87.6%) of the teachers recognized close contact with an infected person as a method of transmission. Most (68.5%) of the teachers were able to correctly identify six or more common symptoms of EVD. Over 70% of the teachers recognized the need to isolate suspected/ confirmed cases, frequent hand washing the use of hand sanitizers as effective strategies for the prevention of EVD. School teachers in the current study have a good knowledge of EVD and strategies for its prevention.
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    A cross-sectional survey of parental care-seeking behavior for febrile illness among under-five children in Nigeria
    (Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2017) Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Abdulkadir, Zainab Ajoke
    Abstract Background: Infections are a common cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Proper management of these conditions in appropriate health facilities provides the best opportunity for survival and reducing disability. Aims: To evaluate the care-seeking behavior by parents of under-five children with fever in Nigeria and determine household characteristics associated with appropriate care-seeking. Material and methods: The study is a secondary analysis of 2013 Demographic and Health Survey data for Nigeria, which was a cross-sectional survey conducted nationwide to obtain demographic and health characteristics of the population among 40,680 households selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Under-five children with fever in the preceding two weeks were selected alongside their mothers. Selected sociodemographic parameters were related to parents seeking care from appropriate health facilities or otherwise. Logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the association of these parameters with appropriate care-seeking. Results: There were 3632 (12.6%) under-five children with fever in the preceding two weeks. Of these, 1142 (31.4%) had been taken to an appropriate health facility for care. Factors associated with appropriate care-seeking were paternal secondary (OR, 95% CI; 1.49, 1.16–1.90), paternal tertiary education (OR, 95% CI; 2.03, 1.49–2.76) and belonging to the Muslim faith (OR, 95% CI; 2.31, 1.86–2.87). Others were age of child <36 months, being married and working mother. Conclusion: There is poor care-seeking for fever in under-five children by parents in Nigeria. Improved literacy, women empowerment and health education are strategies that may improve care-seeking behavior. Highlighted regional differences are additional considerations for such interventions.
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    Determinants of Timely Presentation for Birth Dose Vaccination at an Immunization Centre in North-central Nigeria
    (Annals of Global Health, 2019) Ibraheem, Rasheedat Mobolaji; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Akintola, M.A.; Adeboye, M.A.N.
    Background: Timely receipt of immunization is an essential prerequisite to ensure early protection of the child. However, a low proportion of children in Nigeria benefit from the timely administration of the birth dose vaccines. Objectives: These were identification of factors associated with timely presentation and reasons for presentation beyond 24 hours at an immunization centre in Ilorin, Nigeria. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 480 mother-infant pairs was conducted at an immunization centre. Socio-demographic, antenatal care (ANC) and delivery details, infant’s birthday and day of presentation for vaccination were recorded. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with time to presentation within day one. Findings: 239 (49.8%), 421 (87.7%) and 454 (94.6%) babies were vaccinated within days one, seven and 14 respectively. Post-secondary education level of mothers (OR = 3.60; 95% C.I: 1.30–9.91), antenatal care attendance (OR = 9.55; 95% C.I: 1.75–52.12), and hospital delivery (OR = 6.36; 95% C.I: 1.33–30.38) were associated with presentation within day one. Having correct knowledge of the immunization schedule increased the odds of early presentation by three times, p = 0.025. The commonest reason for presentation after day one for vaccination was weekend/public holiday delivery identified in 83 (35.2%) mother-infant pairs. Conclusion: Hospital delivery, attendance at antenatal care, postsecondary education and knowledge of the immunization schedule were factors associated with timely presentation for birth dose vaccination. Strategies to improve timeliness of the birth dose vaccination should target babies delivered outside the hospital as well as during weekends in the hospital.
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    Determination of glomerular filtration rate using cystatin C in healthy Nigerian newborns
    (Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, 2019) Ibrahim, O.R.; Soladoye, A.O; Adeodyin, O.T; Mokuolu, O.A.; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Biliaminu, S.A.
    Background: The value of Cystatin C as a biomarker of Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) among African newborns is unknown, due to paucity of studies, restricting the measurement of GFR in this population of newborns to creatinine clearance despite its limitations. This study was therefore conducted to estimate GFR from serum Cystatin C in a population of Nigerian newborns and explored the relationship with anthropometrics. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytical study. A total of 60 healthy preterm and 30 healthy term babies were recruited at a tertiary hospital in North-central, Nigeria. Serum Cystatin C was determined using ELISA according to standard methods. Anthropometric measurements were done with standard methods. The GFR was estimated using Zappitelli’s equation. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20, and p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean serum Cystatin C was 1.20 ± 0.33 (range 0.80–2.20) mg/L with comparable values in males and females (1.19 ± 0.35 vs 1.15 ± 0.31 mg/L, p = 0.481)). Mean serum Cystatin C among preterm babies were higher than term babies (1.31 ± 0.36 vs 1.01 ± 0.11 mg/L, p = < 0.001). Mean estimated GFR was 65.36 ± 16.9 ml/min/1.732 and was comparable in males and females (64.39 ± 17.95 vs 66.52 ± 15.76 ml/min/1.73 m2 ,p = 0.555). Estimated GFR was lower among preterm than term babies (60.10 ± 17.53 vs 75.89 ± 9.1 ml/min/1.73 m2 , p = < 0.001). Serum cystatin C and estimated GFR moderately correlated with gestational age and anthropometrics (length, occipitofrontal circumference and weight). Conclusions: Serum cystatin C as a biomarker GFR among newborns is low compared with most studies done out of Africa. The serum cystatin C and estimated GFR correlated with the gestational age and anthropometric parameters. The findings relationship between the serum Cystatin C, estimated GFR and anthropometrics among the newborns suggested a need for more studies.
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    Efficacy of Artemisinin-Based Combination Treatments of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Under-Five-Year-Old Nigerian Children Ten Years Following Adoption as First-Line Antimalarials
    (The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2018) Ebenebe, J.C.; Ntadom, G; Ambe, J; Wammanda, R; Jiya, N; Finomo, F; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Mokuolu, O.A.
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    Foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract: time for comprehensive preventive measures
    (Makarere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda, 2022) Adeoye, P.O.; Afolabi, O.A.; Omokanye, HK; Olaoye, I; Akanbi, O.R.; Segun-Busari, S; Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba
    Background: Foreign body (FB) in the aerodigestive tract presents more commonly in children and remains a surgical emergency with potential for fatal complications. Objectives: To describe management and outcomes of aerodigestive FB managed at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) and proffer preventive measures. Methods: A 9-year retrospective review of all patients with foreign body in the aerodigestive tract managed between March 2011 and July 2020. Results: Sixty-six patients were studied. Median age was 9years with M:F ratio =1.6:1. FB was ingested in 38(57.6%) patients, aspira tion occurred in 28(42.4%). Denture was most common FB 20(30.3%); plastic whistle/valve placed in dolls or football accounted for 4(6.1%). When ingested, FB was impacted in cervical 17(44.7%), upper thoracic 10(26.3%) and middle thoracic 2(5.3%) oesophagus. Oesophagoscopy was used in 30(8.9%) for retrieval. When aspirated, FB was located in the right bronchus 10(35.7%), left bronchus 7(25.0%), hypopharynx and trachea 2(7.1%) each, and cricopharynx 1(3.5%); no FB was found in 3(10.7%) patients. Direct Laryngos copy was the method of retrieval in 3(10.1%) patients while others had rigid bronchoscopy. Mortality rate was 1.5%. Conclusion: Children are most vulnerable group. Preventive effort should include public health education and close monitoring of children by parents and care givers during play.