Extraction, Physicochemical, Phytochemical, Biochemical, GC-MS Constituents and Environmental Effects of Petiveria alliacea Leaves
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Date
2018
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Centrepoint Journal (Science Edition)
Abstract
The study was carried out to determine the phytochemical compositions,
physicochemical parameters, biochemical and Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectroscopy GC-MS analysis of Petiveria alliacea leave extracts
collected at three different times of the day and the results compared. The
extracts were prepared using successive extraction with both non-polar
and polar solvents. The physicochemical analysis revealed no significant
variation in the three samples. It showed that the extracts are green in
colour and acidic with a total ash content of 18.95 %. The phytochemical
analysis revealed that flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids,
glycosides, tannins were present in the plant leaves but the composition
varies in relation to the time of collection of the samples. GC-MS analysis
revealed major constituents such as; 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid;
3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol; Squalene and n-Hexadecanoic
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Volume 24, No.2, pages 141-174 ©2018 University of Ilorin
Centrepoint Journal (Science Edition) 2141-3819/2017 $5.00 + 0.00
CPJ 2018022/24210
Centrepoint Journal Volume 24. No. 2 (2018)
140
acid in the n-Hexane extracts of the morning and afternoon samples and
major constituents of Phytol, α-linolenic acid, Pinane, Palmitic acid and
5-nonadecen-1-ol in the evening sample. In the ethanol extract, n-
Hexadecanoic acid, phytol, 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and
9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride were found in the morning sample;
campesterol, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid and ethyl ester in the
afternoon sample while Linolenic acid, Nonadecyl cyclohexane and
9,12,15-octadecatrienoate in the evening samples. It is thus concluded that
P.allliacea leaves contain many bioactive components and that collection
times and the extraction medium have significant effects on the chemical
compositions of the leaves. These compounds possess many biological
properties; however, these results confirmed the influence of the time of
collection of the leaves on the composition which affect the biological
activity and pharmacological applications of the plant. The variation in the
constituents in the samples could be attributed to sunlight effect, since all
other conditions are the same. Also leaf extracts of P.alliacea collected at
three different times of the day showed varying and different toxicological
effects when administered to Wistar rats.
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Phytochemicals, Petiveria alliacea, GC-MS, Physicochemical, Biochemical parameters